Solanum montanum

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Solanum montanum
Systematics
Euasterids I
Order : Nightshade (Solanales)
Family : Nightshade family (Solanaceae)
Genre : Nightshade ( solanum )
Section : Solanum sect. Regmandra
Type : Solanum montanum
Scientific name
Solanum montanum
L.

Solanum montanum is a species of the genus nightshade ( Solanum ) inthe nightshade family (Solanaceae). It is native to Chile and Peru .

description

Vegetative characteristics

Solanum montanum is a perennial , herbaceous plant , which often climbs or grows lying down and becomes 10 to 30 cm (rarely up to 50 cm) high. It arises from an underground, mostly spherical caudex with a diameter of 10 to 30 mm (rarely up to 40 mm). Occasionally the caudex is also elongated and then up to 75 mm long. The stems are serpentine, hairless to sparsely hairy or rarely moderately hairy. The trichomes are simple, single-row, made up of one or more cells and up to 0.5 mm long. Each sympodial unit consists of only one internode and one leaf .

The leaves are 1.7 to 8.5 cm (rarely 1.1 to 13.5 cm) long, 1.0 to 6.0 cm (rarely 0.8 to 11.0 cm) wide and thus 0.8- up to 2.2 times as long as it is wide. The leaf blade is succulent to almost succulent, the shape ranges from ovoid to elliptical. The top and bottom are hairless to sparsely hairy, rarely they are hairy on both sides, especially along the leaf veins, also moderately to densely hairy. The trichomes are simple, single-row, made up of several cells and up to 0.5 mm long. The base descends on the petiole , the leaf margin is almost entire to deeply lobed, with two or three pairs of lobes with a length of 0.3 to 2.0 cm (rarely up to 4.0 cm) and a width of 0.4 to 1.0 cm (rarely up to 2.2 cm) can arise. Both the tip of the leaf lobes and the leaf blade itself are pointed. The petiole is 0 to 1.5 cm (rarely up to 4.5 cm) long and sometimes winged up to 0.5 cm wide. The hairiness resembles that of the leaf blade.

Inflorescence and flowers

The inflorescences are 2.0 to 11.5 cm (rarely up to 19.0 cm) long. Sometimes they arise from the petiole or even the central axis of a deciduous leaf. They can be unbranched or branched once and consist of four to eight (rarely up to ten) hermaphrodite flowers . The inflorescence axes are moderately hairy, the flower stalks somewhat stronger. The hair consists of adjoining, simple, single-row, multi-cell trichomes that are occasionally purple in color and can be up to 2 mm long. The inflorescence stalk reaches a length of 3.0 to 8.0 cm (rarely 1.5 to 11.5 cm), the flower stalks are 0.5 to 1.4 cm (rarely up to 2.0 cm) long during the flowering period on the fruit to 11 to 25 mm and are then 5 to 10 mm (rarely up to 15 mm) apart. It is articulated at the base.

The calyx is 5.5 to 9.5 mm long. The calyx tube is 1.0 to 3.5 mm long and has the same shape, 4.5 to 6.0 mm long and 1.0 to 2.0 mm wide calyx tips. They are egg-shaped to elliptical, the outside is covered with simple, single-row, single-cell or multi-row, 1 mm long trichomes, which are occasionally purple. The inside is hairless or sparsely hairy. The tip of the calyx lobes is pointed to blunt. On the fruit, the calyx lobes are 3.5 to 5.0 mm long and 2.0 to 2.2 mm wide. The crown measures 1.5 to 2.6 cm in diameter, pentagonal, membranous and colored white, lavender, crimson or purple. Often the outside is provided with purple markings. The corolla tube is 1.0 to 1.5 cm long, the corolla lobes are 7.5 to 13 mm long and 6 to 13 mm wide. The outside is hairless to densely hairy, especially along the central vein the petals are hairy with simple, single-row, multicellular, occasionally purple-colored, up to 0.5 mm long trichomes. The inside is hairless.

The five stamens are shaped the same, the stamens are hairless, 1.2 to 2.5 mm long and have grown together to form a 1.0 to 1.5 mm long tube. The anthers are 2.7 to 3.5 mm (rarely up to 5.2 mm) long, elongated, yellow in color and not inclined together. They open via teardrop-shaped pores that enlarge to form longitudinal slits. The ovary is hairless, it has a stylus about 5.5 mm long and 0.2 mm diameter . This is cylindrical, straight and hairless, at its tip there is a 0.8 to 1.5 × 0.5 to 0.7 mm large, club-shaped scar .

Fruits and seeds

The fruit is a spherical, pale green to off-white, sometimes provided with white markings berry with 0.6 to 1.1 cm diameter. There may be a few, angled stone cells that are approximately 1.0 x 0.7 mm in size. The seeds are 1.2 to 1.4 × 0.8 to 1.0 mm in size, flattened, hairless and pale to dark brown or black in color. The surface is deeply grained.

Distribution and locations

The species is common in Chile in the regions of Tarapacá , Antofagasta , Atacama , Coquimbo , Valparaíso , as well as in the Peruvian departments Ancash , Arequipa , Lima , Ica , La Libertad , Lambayaque , Moquegua and Tacna . It grows there in sandy or rocky Loma formations at altitudes between 5 and 3400 m.

Systematics

Solanum montanum is the type species of the Regmandra section within the nightshade genus ( Solanum ). In molecular biological studies, this group was identified as an isolated clade within the non-prickly members of the genus.

proof

  • JR Bennett: Solanum montanum . In: Solanaceae Source ( online ), April 2007, accessed February 12, 2011.
  • JR Bennett: Revision of Solanum section Regmandra . In: Edinburgh Journal of Botany , Volume 65, Number 1, 2008. pp. 69-112. doi : 10.1017 / S0960428608004903 (largely identical to the above-mentioned source)