Spitzbubenhöhle
| Spitzbubenhöhle
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 Spitzbubenhöhle |
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| Location: | Eselsburg , Baden-Württemberg , Germany | |
| Height : | 505 m above sea level NN | |
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Geographic location: |
48 ° 35 '44 " N , 10 ° 10' 36" E | |
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| Cadastral number: | 7427/11 | |
| Geology: | White Jura ε | |
| Type: | Horizontal cave | |
| Lighting: | no | |
| Overall length: | 30 m | |
The Spitzbubenhöhle is a 30 meter long horizontal cave in a dry valley near Eselsburg in the Heidenheim district in Baden-Württemberg . Excavations in the early 1970s have shown that the cave was repeatedly entered by smaller groups of people at the end of the last glacial period . The first written mention of the cave is in the Oberamtsbeschreibung of the Oberamt Heidenheim from 1844 .
Geographical location
The Rogues cave is located in a Jurassic - rock prongs on the eastern slope of a narrow, short Trockentals, southwest of the town, the few hundred meters Eselsburg in the Brenztal flows. The cave entrances are about 6 meters above the valley floor at 505 m above sea level. NHN , around 30 meters above the Brenz valley level.
topography
The northern cave entrance is followed by a slightly rising, narrow passage, which is approximately east-facing, which narrows increasingly and is closed by sediment after about 10 meters. Next to an 8-meter-wide Abri - which is probably the remains of a joint cave - is the entrance to a small, south-facing cave room, which has another access in the rear. The two cave passages are connected to each other deeper in the rock, giving the Spitzbubenhöhle an almost Y-shaped floor plan.
Research history
The first excavations at the Spitzbubenhöhle were carried out by Prof. Eugen Gaus at the beginning of the 20th century. Gaus was the founder of today's Hellenstein Castle Museum , some of which he furnished with exhibits he had excavated himself. He made cuts in the area of the demolition, in front of the south entrance and in the slope in front of the cave. Numerous robbery excavations followed, until the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Stuttgart received several readings from the Spitzbubenhöhle. The Institute for Prehistory in Tübingen was then commissioned to carry out a probe , which was carried out in April 1970 under the direction of Hansjürgen Müller-Beck . In two excavation campaigns in August 1970 and July 1971, the Abri and southern part of the Spitzbubenhöhle were excavated under Joachim Hahn .
Stratigraphy and Finds
stratigraphy
Hahn was able to distinguish fourteen geological horizons (GH) in the course of the excavations . Above all in the northern half of the abyss, the sequence of layers was destroyed by robbery excavations, in the southern part of the cave the upper strata were heavily mixed with animal structures. Immediately in front of the rear cave wall in a niche in GH 7 there was a probably medieval fireplace. It represented the archaeological horizon (AH) 1 with a few urnfield and ribbon ceramic fragments . A further layer AH 2 from the Magdalenian period was found in front of and behind the south entrance of the cave. It spread over GH 8 and GH 9 and contained artifacts mainly in the wall area.
Finds
All finds made in situ were measured three-dimensionally , and the cave sediments were then slurried in the nearby Brenz . The Spitzbubenhöhle provided a relatively small inventory of Upper Paleolithic stone artifacts and only a bone tool . In contrast, there is a large number of bones broken for marrow extraction . Due to the large amount of hunted prey and the number of cores found , Hahn assumed that at least 2/3 of the original stone tools must have been lost through robbery excavations, soil tiling and erosion .
Tools
All stone artefacts are made Bohnerzjaspis or chert , the raw material comes from local deposits in the vicinity of the cave. Including the 7 pieces from the reading, a total of 189 stone artifacts were recovered. 16 parts could be put together to tools at the fracture surfaces, more than 10% of the chips , blades and cores could be laid flat on top of one another and thus identified as coming from the same tuber. In addition to tees and blades, the inventory also includes scratches , scrapers , drills , burins , retouched lamellas and pleats.
The machining marks on the individual bone tool show that it was deliberately carved out of the bone with a curvature, i.e. the convex shape was not created by bending or warping . Thus, it is not a bullet tip or an awl , but could be part of a fish peers have been, as he still managed by the Netsilik - Inuit is used.
Fauna remains
Most of the fauna remains from ten large mammals ( horse and reindeer ) with a live weight of around 2600 kg. Other animal species only played a subordinate role in obtaining food. Bones of arctic fox or red fox , hare , woolly rhinoceros , cave lion , lynx and huchen were found . Small mammals were represented by field vole, ground vole and the collar lemming .
literature
- Nicholas J. Conard , Michael Bolus, Ewa Dutkiewicz, Sibylle Wolf: Eiszeitarchäologie auf der Schwäbische Alb Kerns Verlag, Tübingen 2015, ISBN 978-3-935751-24-7 , pp. 227-230.
- Sunhild Kleingärtner , Jörg Drauschke: Searching for traces in the Brenz region. Archeology, geological history, geology, experience, experience, discover Heidenheim 2007, ISBN 978-3-00-020702-0 , pp. 201–202.
- Hans Binder , Herbert Jantschke: Cave guide Swabian Alb. Caves - springs - waterfalls . 7th completely revised edition. DRW-Verlag, Leinfelden-Echterdingen 2003, ISBN 3-87181-485-7 , p. 166 .
- Joachim Hahn: The Ice Age Settlement of the Eselsburger Valley near Heidenheim Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1984, ISBN 3-8062-0769-0 , pp. 21-89.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hans Binder: Karst und Höhle 1993, Karstlandschaft Schwäbische Ostalb . Association of German Cave and Karst Researchers eV Munich, Munich 1993.
- ↑ a b c d e f Joachim Hahn: The Stone Age settlement of the Eselsburger valley near Heidenheim . Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1984.
- ↑ Who was actually ... Eugen Gaus? , accessed April 23, 2015