Brenz (river)

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Brenz
The Brenz in Herbrechtingen

The Brenz in Herbrechtingen

Data
Water code EN : 1172
location Swabian Alb

Northern Alpine Foreland

Baden-Württemberg

Bavaria

River system Danube
Drain over Danube  → Black Sea
source Brenztopf in Königsbronn
48 ° 44 ′ 15 ″  N , 10 ° 6 ′ 47 ″  E
Source height 500.3  m above sea level NN
Spring discharge MNQ
MQ
MHQ
 230 l / s
1.27 m³ / s
20 m³ / s
muzzle on the south-western edge of Lauingen from the left into the Danube Coordinates: 48 ° 33 '39 "  N , 10 ° 25' 12"  E 48 ° 33 '39 "  N , 10 ° 25' 12"  E
Mouth height 423.5  m above sea level NN
Height difference 76.8 m
Bottom slope 1.5 ‰
length 51.7 km
Catchment area 880.3 km²
Discharge at the Bächingen
A Eo gauge : 810 km²
Location: 8.6 km above the mouth 		NNQ (15.12.1991)
MNQ 1980–2006
MQ 1980–2006
Mq 1980–2006
 MHQ 1980–2006
HHQ (25.03.1988) 		2.44 m³ / s
3.72 m³ / s
7.35 m³ / s
9.1 l / (s km²)
 23.5 m³ / s
39.2 m³ / s
Right tributaries Hürbe
Medium-sized cities Heidenheim , Giengen
Small towns Gundelfingen , Herbrechtingen

The Brenz is an approximately 52 km long left and northern tributary of the Danube in Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria .

course

Catchment area of ​​the Brenz. There are almost no surface runoffs within the hatched area. Important dry valleys are given names.
Meander of the Brenz in the Eselsburger valley
Itzelberger See
Estuary at Faimingen

The source of the Brenz is in the district of Heidenheim on the eastern Swabian Alb . Your water flows from the Brenztopf in Königsbronn , a typical karst spring with a large pouring, which is easily accessible on a rock face at about 500  m above sea level. NN lies.

The catchment area covers around 880 km². According to its type, the Brenz is one of the carbonate brooks and small rivers.

Shortly after its source Brenz is to Itzelberger lake dammed, the old at the south end Härtsfeld - Albuch - Waterworks is. From there, the Brenz Valley runs south and south-east through the Heidenheim district. Between Faimingen and Lauingen in the district of Dillingen an der Donau , the Brenz finally flows into the Danube from the left and west after about 51.7 km.

The Brenz only has a gradient of about 77 m between the source and the mouth, so it flows quite slowly. In many places it still meanders through valley meadows in its natural state. In sections, however, it is also canalised, built over and straightened, mainly in the urbanized area around Heidenheim between Schnaitheim and Bolheim.

In Bolheim some of the Brenzwasser seeps away and takes an underground shortcut to nearby Herbrechtingen . The valley is quite flat at this point, the seepage water runs from here on a shorter route in a water-bearing layer, while the river itself enters the long Eselsburger Südschleife.

Tributaries, commented

List of tributaries and RiverIcon-SmallLake.svglakes from source to mouth. Water lengths usually according to LUBW-FG10 (data record entries), catchment areas according to LUBW-GEZG, lake areas according to LUBW-SG10, height information according to the contour image on the geodata viewer. Other sources for the information are noted.
The catchment areas are indicated here after the mountain watershed on the surface, the subterranean karst springs characteristic of the landscape can be considerably larger than these.
Selection.

Origin of the Brenz under a rock on the right side of the valley in Königsbronn in the karst spring Brenztopf at 500.3  m above sea level. NN .

  • Ziegelbach , from the left in Königsbronn , 2.52 km and 23.818 km². This much longer source branch - the Brenz here from Brenztopf is just 0.327 km long - runs through the southern part of the flat old valley between Kocher - and Brenzursprung.
  • Pfeffer , from the left in Königsbronn, 0.487 km and 0.112 km². Outflow also from a karst spring on the left edge of the valley with a spring pot.
  • Ochsenberggraben , from the left to the downward end of Königsbronn to 495.7  m above sea level. NN , 0.37 km and 0.133 km². Originates in the valley floodplain.
  • (Departure of the island trench ), to the left immediately before the following lake, into which it then flows, to leave it again in a left drain before the return mouth
  • RiverIcon-SmallLake.svgFlows through the Itzelberger See , about 6,587 ha.
  • (Return of the Inselgraben ), shortly after both lake outflows from the left in Itzelberg to over 493  m above sea level. NN , 0.75 km and 1.084 km².
  • Siebterfussgraben , from the right across from the larger part of Aufhausen at 491.3  m above sea level. NN , 1.728 km and 0.804 km². Arises close to the Brenz at its curve to the south around the Brunneleskopf at about 493  m above sea level. NN and shows strong meadow meanders.
  • Möhntalgraben , from the left at the road bridge over the Brenz in Heidenheim - Schnaitheim at a little over 490  m above sea level. NN , 1.947 km and 9.1 km². Arises in front of the retaining dam in the eponymous dry valley at a little over 510  m above sea level. NN . Already runs under Kapellstrasse from the first houses in Schnaitheim.
  • (Mühlkanal), from the right in Schnaitheim to about 490  m above sea level. NN , 0.195 km. Go right after the bridge and Möhntalgraben inlet.
  • Nattheimer Talgraben , from the left in front of the Schnaitheim sewage treatment plant at about 490  m above sea level. NN , 2.999 km and 21.76 km². Occasionally arises at about 512  m above sea level. NN at the distribution roundabout , where the B 466a branches off the dry Gamsertal valley upwards from the B 466 , which leads through the lower and upper Lindletal to Nattheim. In the lower Lindletal the brook flows only intermittently, as does in the downstream Nattheimer Tal up to the edge of the Brenzaue.
  • Wedel or Wedelgraben, from the right in Heidenheim
  • (Inflow from the Brunnenmühlenquelle ), from the right in Heidenheim
  • Pflusterbach , from the left on the Mergelstetten district . Originates from the source of gold
  • Klosterbach , from the right at Anhausen-Riedmühle in the Bolheim district
  • (Bach from the Stockbrunnen ), from the left in Herbrechtingen
  • Espachgraben , from the left in Giengen
  • Hürbe , from the right between Hermaringen and Bergenweiler
  • Siechenbach , from the right between Sontheim and Bächingen
  • (Junction of the Kleine Brenz ), to the right just before Gundelfingen an der Donau
  • Zollsaulgraben , from the right immediately after the junction into Kleine Brenz
  • Seegraben , from the left in Gundelfingen
  • Auengraben , from the left in Gundelfingen
  • Aspengraben , from the right before Faimingen

Mouth of the Brenz below the Faiminger Danube barrier on the southwestern edge of Lauingen at 423.5  m above sea level. NN from the left and finally west into the Danube . The Brenz here is 51.712 km long and has a catchment area of ​​880.347 km² behind it.

Natural space

As the wide meadow valley of the Brenz meanders through the Jura landscape of the Swabian Alb , you will find some striking limestone cliffs on its edge. Its slopes are often made up of deciduous forest. A number of rare and protected plants can be found in these steep and therefore largely natural deciduous forests. It is not uncommon to find a typical juniper heather on the open, grazed slopes .

There are several karst caves in the Brenztal, including the Spitzbubenhöhle near Eselsburg and the Irpfelhöhle near Giengen an der Brenz , a stone age hyena nest. Part of the Brenztal is under nature protection, including the Brenzschleife near Eselsburg. The valley has been part of the Swabian Alb Geopark since 2006 and has been a European bird sanctuary since 2007 .

The beaver has resettled along the Brenz, as has been shown by feeding marks .

The Brenzwehr in Bolheim has now been rebuilt and modernized, with a unique fish ladder being installed on the left bank of the river. It enables the various fish species to swim up and down unhindered, which used to block the weir.

The Brenzursprung has been recognized as an important geotope and geopoint of the UNESCO Geopark Swabian Alb since 2019 .

Cultural space

“Stone virgins” in the Eselsburger valley

There are some interesting castles and ruins in the Brenz Valley. The most striking is without a doubt Hellenstein Castle in Heidenheim . In Anhausen and Herbrechtingen there are two beautiful old monasteries, the Herbrechtinger comes from the Carolingian era . The imperial city of Giengen , steeped in history, has many sights, as does the village of Brenz with its Romanesque basilica.

Although the Brenz has only a slight gradient, there are some interesting mills on it. In Aufhausen there is still an old water wheel in operation on one of them.

The road of the Staufer leads partly through the Brenz valley.

The following palaces, castles and ruins can be found in the Brenz Valley:

The following architectural monuments in the Brenz Valley are worth mentioning:

Energy generation and water management

Along the Brenz there are some smaller run-of-river power stations , some of which are no longer in operation , including one right next to the Brenztopf in the Königsbronn hammer mill, in Bolheim, Herbrechtingen, Hermaringen and Bergenweiler. Some of the companies located along the Brenz also use the Brenz water for cooling and to operate machines, such as B. the United felt factories in Giengen.

In Bolheim, the building yard of the state agency responsible for the Brenz (first order waters) in the Württemberg area is located at the regional council of Stuttgart. The river master's seat is in Ellwangen.

traffic

The Brenztal and the upwardly adjoining valley of the counter-rotating Kochers , created together as a breakthrough valley of the mightier Urbrenz through the Swabian Alb , when the spring branches started their course far north of today's Albtraufs, is today an important traffic axis. The Aalen - Heidenheim - Ulm ( Brenzbahn ) railway partially runs through it , as does the B 19 , which follows the middle Kocher valley cut very far north of the Alb. At Giengen an der Brenz, the A 7 Würzburg – Ulm crosses the valley on the Brenztalbrücke (376 m).

The “Brenztal cycle path” also runs through it, with a section of the main path 4 of the Swabian Alb Association on its edge .

places

The Brenz flows through the following places:

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hansjörg Dongus : Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 171 Göppingen. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1961. →  Online map (PDF; 4.3 MB)
  2. ↑ Ralph Jätzold: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 172 Nördlingen. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1962. →  Online map (PDF; 3.9 MB)
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Text entry in black on the geodata viewer.
  4. ↑ a b c Text entry in blue on the geodata viewer.
  5. ↑ a b According to LUBW-FG10 (data record entry).
  6. ↑ a b According to LUBW-BRSWEB, water, catchment areas, aggregated areas 04.
  7. ^ Deutsches Gewässerkundliches Jahrbuch Danube region 2006 Bavarian State Office for the Environment, p. 113, accessed on October 4, 2017, at: bestellen.bayern.de (PDF, German, 24.2 MB).
  8. ↑ The district of Heidenheim (Ed. Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg and district Heidenheim). Volume I. Thorbecke Verlag, Stuttgart 1999, p. 600 [Gerstetten: Geschichte der Stadtteile].

Web links

Commons : Brenz River  - collection of images, videos and audio files