Faimingen
Faimingen is a district of the city of Lauingen in the district of Dillingen in the administrative district of Swabia , Bavaria . It is a stop on the touristically important Danube Cycle Path and the Via Danubia, which was newly opened in 2006 . The excavations of the Roman Temple of Apollo Grannus make Faimingen one of the most notable Roman towns in Bavaria.
The former village lies in the Donauried . A barrage for the use of hydropower has created a reservoir in the river that is home to numerous species of birds. A landscape protection area safeguards the valuable alluvial forest . The view to the south inevitably falls on the two mighty cooling towers of the Gundremmingen nuclear power plant .
Between Faimingen and Lauingen, the Brenz flows into the Danube from the Swabian Alb .
history
In the years 69 to 79 AD, Roman cohorts were ordered to cross the Danube and advance further into Germania. Near the confluence of the Brenz river, a bridgehead was built north of the Danube to secure the river crossing ( Phoebiana Fort ). Phoebiana is mentioned by the Roman geographer Claudius Ptolemy . As a result of further military expansion to the north, Faimingen first developed into a supply warehouse and then also attracted settlers. The road network has been improved. The settlement became a traffic junction with connections via Cannstatt to Mainz or via the Rhaetian provincial capital Augsburg to Salzburg or Rome . The sanctuary of Apollo Grannus was a well-known place of pilgrimage and its 1000 square meters was the largest Roman temple north of the Alps. A stay of Emperor Caracalla in AD 212 is also recorded, although experts believe it possible that the passage in Cassius Dio's text refers to the Gallo-Roman spring shrine of Grand (Vosges) . Originally the sanctuary was dedicated to the Celtic healing god Grannus, who was already familiar to the Roman understanding of the gods in the profile of the god Apollo and was thus incorporated into the Roman heaven of gods.
In the year 213 the place was protected by a wall with towers and gates and a fort due to the threat of Germanic incursions to Raetia . In the middle of the 3rd century, Rome's soldiers withdrew from the area. Trade and economy declined. Alemannic tribes crossed Raetia. Finds on the southern part of the former Roman settlement indicate a clustered village of the Alemanni.
The Roman stone buildings fell into disrepair or were destroyed. The rubble of the ruins served as a quarry for subsequent generations. Individual blocks were also reused in the construction of churches in the area.
In the Middle Ages a noble family lived in Faimingen, the Lords of Faimingen , who named themselves after the place and founded the Obermedlingen Monastery in the early 13th century (Walter von Faimingen). Friedrich Spät von Faimingen , Bishop of Augsburg from 1309 to 1331, emerged from this family . The castle fell into disrepair after the Faiming noble family died out.
After a few changes of ownership, Faimingen fell to the rural town of Lauingen through purchase in the 16th century and thus became part of the Duchy of Palatinate-Neuburg .
On April 1, 1971 Faimingen was incorporated into Lauingen (Danube).
Attractions
temple
An open-air museum has been set up on the site of the former Temple of Apollo Grannus . The roads leading to Faimingen, the Roman Phoebiana , ran towards the forum and the largest Roman temple north of the Alps. The size of the plant at its prime is estimated to be around 40 hectares.
In several excavations carried out since 1888, archaeologists uncovered the cella (double columned hall) and its forecourt and other foundations of the surrounding buildings. The temple itself, an approximately 1,000 m² building, was used to worship the Gallo-Roman healing and spring god Apollo Grannus . There is a name merger of the Roman Apollo (who was also god of healing) with the source and bath god Grannus of the Celts .
The emerging clear spring water will have contributed to the supraregional importance of Phoebiana for cult baths and drinking cures with divine assistance. Emperor Caracalla thanked god Apollo Grannus for healing his ailments with a gift (road construction to the sanctuary Phoebiana ) in 212.
Fountain
In the center of Faimingen there is a round fountain, which is well worth seeing due to its construction. The well is 77 meters deep and is called the new landmark as it was only built in 1967.
church
The parish church of St. Blasius was rebuilt in 1710/11 and is equipped with pretty baroque altars.
literature
- Friedrich Drexel : Das Kastell Faimingen , delivery XXXV from Vol. VI B No. 66c from: The Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes of the Roman Empire , Heidelberg 1911.
- Johannes Einartner , Pia Eschbauer and Gerhard Weber: The Roman temple district in Faimingen-Phoebiana , Faimingen-Phoebiana I, Limes research. Studies on the organization of the Roman imperial border on the Rhine and Danube, ed. vd Roman-Germanic Commission of the German Archaeological Institute, Vol. 24, Mainz 1993.
- Martin Müller: The Roman grave finds , Faimingen-Phoebiana II, Limes research. Studies on the organization of the Roman imperial border on the Rhine and Danube, ed. vd Roman-Germanic Commission of the German Archaeological Institute Vol. 26, Mainz 1999.
- Cassius Dio: Roman history , trans. by Otto Veh , 5 vols., Artemis & Winkler, Düsseldorf 2007, ISBN 978-3-538-03103-6 (orig. 1985, with a new introduction).
Web links
Coordinates: 48 ° 34 ' N , 10 ° 25' E
Individual evidence
- ↑ see literature Cassius Dio: Römische Geschichte
- ↑ Hans F. Nöhbauer (ed.): Die Chronik Bayer . 3. Edition. Chronik Verlag in Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag GmbH, Gütersloh / Munich 1994, ISBN 3-570-14430-5 , p. 36 .
- ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 446 .
