St. Antonius (Potsdam)
| Parish Church of St. Antonius | |
|---|---|
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| address | Potsdam-Babelsberg, Plantagenstr. 23/24 |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| local community | Parish of St. Antonius Potsdam-Babelsberg |
| Current usage | Parish church |
| building | |
| Year of construction (s) | 1933-1934 |
| style | New Objectivity |
The Roman Catholic Church of St. Antonius in the Babelsberg district of Potsdam is located between Plantagenstrasse and Turnstrasse. The church building consecrated in 1934 is the parish church of the Babelsberg parish.
history
For the Catholics who moved to Nowawes and the neighboring Neuendorf in the 19th century , only the Peter and Paul Church in downtown Potsdam was available. Because of the increasing number of believers and the distance, today's church property was purchased in 1891. For financial reasons, the construction of a rectory with an integrated spacious chapel could not begin until 1905. The chapel was assigned on October 7, 1906. In the same year his own pastor was appointed, in 1909 St. Antonius became an independent curate for pastoral care.
The St. Michael Church was built in 1927 for the Catholics in Berlin-Wannsee belonging to the municipality , and two years later a nurses' house was added to the Babelsberg rectory for the Sisters of Mary of the Immaculate Conception , which opened in 1923 . On July 30, 1933, the foundation stone for today's church was laid. On April 15, 1934, the Berlin Bishop Nikolaus Bares consecrated St. Antonius Church.
architecture
The church's architect, Wilhelm Fahlbusch , already worked for the parish at St. Michael’s Church in Wannsee. While he was creating expressionistic pointed arches there, he designed St. Antonius as a rectangular hall building with an apse over the entire width of the room. Due to the location of the property, the worship room faces south. The chancel is delimited by lateral transverse pillars that suggest a triumphal arch . The church interior has a flat wooden ceiling, on which two parallel beams form a cross above the central aisle to the apse and across the transition to the chancel.
The church interior is illuminated by ten narrow, high-set windows in the west and east walls, which are framed with red clinker bricks on the outside. Two more narrow windows behind the transverse pillars illuminate the chancel and the apse mosaic.
On the west side, below the row of windows, there is a side aisle with its own side altar. The northern extension of the aisle forms the baptistery, and the sacristy adjoins it to the south and is accessible from the chancel and from outside. The bell tower with a total height of 34 meters is placed asymmetrically next to the main portal on the northwest corner of the church building. The slender, copper-clad spire is crowned with a Pope's cross.
The portal is asymmetrically framed by brick pillars on which sculptures of the Mother of God and St. Anthony of Padua are attached. These artificial stone figures and the depiction of St. George on the outer pillar in the center of the apse are works by the sculptor Otto Hitzberger . The doors show the evangelist symbols in chip carving based on a design by Jakob Huebels.
Interior
Apse mosaic
The apse wall is completely filled since 1942 with a monumental mosaic that the worship of the Lamb of the Book of Revelation is Revelation 5.5-9 EU . Based on designs by Egbert Lammers , the Berlin company August Wagner created the depiction of the Easter lamb with the victory flag on the book with seven seals . The book and the lamb are depicted on a stele bearing the four symbols of the evangelists. Twelve elders each adore the lamb to the left and right of the stele, two angels on each side incense the lamb. The bottom of the mosaic is a frieze with the signs of the zodiac as a symbol of all creation. A scroll with the quote from Rev 5.12 EU (“The lamb that was slaughtered is worthy to receive is worthy of wealth, wisdom, strength, honor, praise and praise”) forms the top.
"The entire area of the apse, including the door and window reveals, was mosaicked to ensure the unity of the composition, as the old masters did."
When depicting the 24 elders, some of which resemble portraits of well-known saints, Lammers designed some faces with Asian and African features as a subtle protest against the Nazi racial ideology . What is remarkable is the high-quality execution of this critical representation by the mosaic workshops, which at that time were mainly concerned with propaganda state contracts.
Chancel with apse mosaic
Lamb with victory flag
Detail adoring elders
Detail zodiac signs
Altars
The original high altar had a high tabernacle column topped with a pelican . On both sides of the tabernacle stood worshiping angel figures. On both sides there were reliefs in frieze-like crossbars with depictions of sacrifices: Abel, Melchizedek and Abraham on the left, the Multiplication, the Last Supper and the crucifixion of Jesus on the right. The altar stood seven steps above the nave. In 1962/63, before the publication of the first documents of the Second Vatican Council , the chancel was redesigned. The high altar was dismantled, the back wall of the altar was torn down and the altar hall made of light sandstone was moved forward. The chancel was laid out with light marble terrazzo in just five steps . A new tabernacle with a removable triumphal cross was erected in the middle of the apse, as were the six altar candlesticks and the Easter candlesticks, an enamel work by Hans Adolf from Burg .
The side altars were dedicated to Our Lady (left) and the Sacred Heart of Jesus (right). They stood in front of the cross pillars of the sanctuary and were each decorated with a triptych and a sculpture. The crescent moon Madonna carved by Jakob Hübel and the figure of the Sacred Heart are now in the anteroom of the church. The center of the altar design was made up of paintings by Heinrich Schelhasse (1897–1977), showing Mary with the baby Jesus and the crucified Jesus with the visible wound on the side. Two vertical side wings each with two depictions of the life of Mary and the veneration of the Sacred Heart framed the depictions like a triptych . The paintings are preserved in the parish inventory. The canteens of the side altars were made into an altar for the side aisle in 2001. An altarpiece of the Last Supper, created in the same year, can be seen on the altar wall of the aisle on the altar wall of the side aisle with the central image of the former Sacred Heart altar and a side wing of the St.
Marian triptych, central image of the former Marian altar
Marian triptych, left wing of the former Marian altar
Sacred Heart Triptych, middle section on the former Sacred Heart Altar
Way of the Cross and Sculptures
As part of the redesign of the church, a carved Stations of the Cross was installed on the east wall of the church in March 1964 . The 14 stations are works by Rudolf Brückner-Fuhlrott , whose roughly life-size seated statuette of the teaching Antonius of Padua was placed on the altar of the aisle in June of the same year. In 1967, the statue of the Virgin Mary, also carved by Brückner-Fuhlrott and bearing the child Jesus raised like a cross, replaced the earlier Mary altar. The niche of the Crescent Madonna, who used to stand here, was closed beforehand and the pillars of the sanctuary were smoothly plastered.
Way of the Cross, 4th Station
Jesus meets his mother
Anthony of Padua in a teaching position
Mary figure
Baptistery
In the baptistery in the north-west corner of the church there was originally a baptismal font with relief depictions of the baptism of Jesus by Otto Hitzberger. When the church was redesigned in 1963, it was moved to today's Propsteikirche St. Peter and Paul in downtown Potsdam. In its place in the baptistery was a simple baptismal font made of light sandstone, in which a copper basin is embedded. The lid, also made of copper, is crowned with a dove and was made by Robert Kahlbau from Babelsberg. The round window of the baptistery shows the Holy Spirit in the form of a dove. The design comes from Rudolf Brückner-Fuhlrott.
organ
The organ originally installed in the gallery in 1936 and consecrated on September 27th of the same year by the Anton Feith company from Paderborn with 13 registers was replaced in 1993. The Potsdam organ building company Alexander Schuke built an instrument with 19 registers on the main and swell and pedal . The new slider chest organ was consecrated on April 4, 1993.
Bells
The original bell was cast by the Ulrich brothers in Apolda in 1934 and consisted of four bells. The three larger ones, named Antonius (892 kg), Christian (in honor of the first Berlin Bishop Christian Schreiber , who died in 1933 , 514 kg) and Maria (353 kg) were confiscated in February and transported away for armament purposes. Only the smallest bell Johannes (246 kg) with a diameter of 75 centimeters remained in the tower. In 1956, the ringing was supplemented by two steel bells from the Apolda company Schilling & Lattermann with a diameter of 104 and 125 centimeters. A third steel bell was too big for the tower and was not installed.
In the summer of 1999, the steel bells were replaced by new bronze bells from the Metz company in Karlsruhe. The largest bell Antonius (112 cm, 900 kg) is tuned from the tone f ', the bell Maria (83 cm, 360 kg) is tuned to the tone b'. The middle one of the new bells was not named after Christian Schreiber again. Instead it was named after the cathedral provost Bernhard Lichtenberg , who was beatified in 1996 and who celebrated the first Holy Mass after the consecration in St. Antonius in 1934. The Bernhard Lichtenberg bell (93 cm, 500 kg) is tuned to the note as'. With the preserved bell (tone c ''), the bells hanging on top of each other form a harmonious ring.
The parish of St. Antonius
The Catholic parish has around 2400 members (as of January 2014). The parish is responsible for the St. Antonius daycare center , which is located on the parish property. The Caritas operates a counseling center in the rectory. In the area of the parish is the Catholic Marienschule with elementary school and grammar school, which was founded in September 2008 on the initiative of the parish and the neighboring provincial community. The Marienschule takes up the tradition of the Catholic primary school in Babelsberg, founded in 1923 and dissolved by the National Socialists in 1939, and the Potsdam Marienschule, which was banned in the same year.
The parish was established in the course of industrialization through the immigration of Catholics from Silesia, Posen, West Prussia and Warmia. The number of Catholics in Nowawes, Neuendorf and around 20 associated places was around 600 in 1890, in 1905 as early as 1415 and rose to 2000 by 1911. Since the late 1930s, the parish has included the parts of Potsdam northeast of the Nuthe and the place Güterfelde .
For the planned church building, the more than 4000 square meter site between Turnstrasse and Plantagenstrasse was purchased in 1891. In the years 1905-06 the rectory was the first Antoniuskapelle that on October 7, 1906 benediziert was. Since 1896 there was a Vinzenzverein in Nowawes and since 1904 a Catholic workers' association. With the chapel, the parish in Kuratus Viktor Schiwy received its own pastor. From August 1909 the parish was independent in pastoral care and became a parish in 1922.
On August 15, 1920, the second Märkische Katholikentag took place on the parish property with more than 15,000 participants and the Wroclaw Archbishop Adolf Cardinal Bertram .
In 1923 the Sisters of Mary of the Immaculate Conception opened a branch and a first kindergarten. A sister house was built in 1928/29 according to plans by Wilhelm Fahlbusch as an extension of the rectory.
Archpriest Hillebrand from Luckenwalde laid the foundation stone for the church building on July 30, 1933. The consecration took Bishop Nikolaus Bares before April 15 of the following year. At the subsequent celebration, for which a large number of Catholic youths also gathered, there were riots by the Hitler Youth and SA , during which the bishop's car was demolished. Bares had previously called on the youth, "May they always let Christ be their guide: for he is wise and mighty for all eternity".
Despite the comparatively high number of Catholics before and during the Second World War , the composition of the parish changed significantly in the post-war period. During the GDR era, the parish consisted of around 30% Catholics born in the region and up to two thirds of people displaced from their homeland, mainly from Silesia. The absolute number of Catholics in the parish sank to about 1300 by the end of the division of Germany . Since then, the number of believers has increased again due to immigration from all over Germany.
See also
literature
- Hugo Schnell: St. Antonius Church in Babelsberg. Guide No. NO5, Verlag der Kleine Deutschen Kirchenführer Dr. Schnell & Dr. Steiner, Munich 1938.
- Andreas Kitschke : Churches in Potsdam , Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Berlin 1983, p. 69f.
- Andreas Kitschke: Babelsberg churches. Peda-Kunstführer 332, Passau 1995, ISBN 3-930102-88-9 , pp. 18-22.
- Andreas Kitschke: The Potsdam churches. Peda-Kunstführer 530/2001, ISBN 3-89643-530-2 , p. 49f.
- Teodolius Witkowski: St. Antonius in Potsdam-Babelsberg - A contribution to the history of church and community. Self-published by the parish, Potsdam 2011.
- Thomas Marin (Hrsg.): Babelsberg Catholics in the GDR - Results of a youth history project in St. Antonius Potsdam-Babelsberg. Norderstedt 2013, ISBN 978-3-7322-8907-3 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Teodolius Witkowski: St. Anthony in Potsdam-Babelsberg. 2011, p. 19f.
- ^ Andreas Kitschke: Babelsberg churches. 1995, p. 20.
- ↑ a b c d Hugo Schnell: St. Antonius Church in Babelsberg. Guide No. NO5, Verlag der Kleine Deutschen Kirchenführer Dr. Schnell & Dr. Steiner, Munich 1938.
- ↑ quoted in: Annette Jansen Winkeln: Artists between the times - Egbert Lammers. Eitorf 1998, ISBN 3-932623-07-X , p. 15.
- ↑ Teodolius Witkowski: St. Anthony in Potsdam-Babelsberg. 2011, pp. 25-28.
- ^ Andreas Kitschke: Babelsberg churches. 1995, p. 21.
- ↑ cf. Christine Goetz , Constantin Beyer: The visible and the invisible - art and church in the Archdiocese of Berlin , Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg 2016, ISBN 978-3-89870-978-1 , p. 144ff.
- ↑ Teodolius Witkowski: St. Anthony in Potsdam-Babelsberg. 2011, p. 35f.
- ^ A b Andreas Kitschke: Churches in Potsdam. 1983, p. 70.
- ↑ Teodolius Witkowski: St. Anthony in Potsdam-Babelsberg. 2011, p. 55f.
- ↑ Teodolius Witkowski: St. Anthony in Potsdam-Babelsberg. 2011, p. 36f.
- ↑ Teodolius Witkowski: St. Anthony in Potsdam-Babelsberg. 2011, p. 40.
- ↑ a b Andreas Kitschke: Babelsberg churches. 1995, p. 19.
- ↑ Teodolius Witkowski: St. Anthony in Potsdam-Babelsberg. 2011, p. 25.
- ↑ Teodolius Witkowski: St. Anthony in Potsdam-Babelsberg. 2011, p. 34.
- ↑ Teodolius Witkowski: St. Anthony in Potsdam-Babelsberg. 2011, p. 19.
- ↑ Teodolius Witkowski: St. Anthony in Potsdam-Babelsberg. 2011, p. 53.
- ^ Homepage of the Catholic Marienschule , accessed on May 7, 2014.
- ↑ Teodolius Witkowski: St. Anthony in Potsdam-Babelsberg. 2011, pp. 19ff, 60.
- ↑ a b Teodolius Witkowski: St. Anthony in Potsdam-Babelsberg. 2011, p. 13.
- ↑ Teodolius Witkowski: St. Anthony in Potsdam-Babelsberg. 2011, p. 11.
- ↑ cf. Heribert Rosal: History and meaning of the Märkische Katholikentage for Berlin Catholicism. In: Kaspar Elm , Hans-Dietrich Loock: Pastoral care and diakonia in Berlin - contributions to the relationship between church and city in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-11-012619-2 , p. 505.
- ↑ Teodolius Witkowski: St. Anthony in Potsdam-Babelsberg. 2011, p. 14.
- ↑ Bishop Dr. Bares consecrates the St. Antonius Church. In: Potsdamer daily newspaper. No. 88 of April 16, 1934.
- ↑ cf. Teodolius Witkowski: St. Antonius in Potsdam-Babelsberg. 2011, p. 15.
- ↑ Thomas Marin (ed.): Babelsberg Catholics in the GDR. 2013, p. 71f.
- ↑ Thomas Marin (ed.): Babelsberg Catholics in the GDR. 2013, p. 10.
Coordinates: 52 ° 23 '44.6 " N , 13 ° 6' 3.7" E