Shaggy pointed keel

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Shaggy pointed keel
Shaggy pointed keel (Oxytropis pilosa)

Shaggy pointed keel ( Oxytropis pilosa )

Systematics
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Tribe : Galegeae
Genre : Pointed keels ( Oxytropis )
Type : Shaggy pointed keel
Scientific name
Oxytropis pilosa
( L. ) DC.

The Zottige Spitzkiel ( Oxytropis pilosa ), and steppe Spitzkiel or yellow flags Wicke called, is a plant of the genus oxytropis ( Oxytropis ) in the subfamily of Schmetterlingsblütler (Faboideae).

description

Appearance and leaf

The shaggy pointed keel is a perennial herbaceous plant with long sprouts and short, thin taproots as well as a short, mostly branchy, multi-headed "stick". The stem and the leaves are densely covered with white, mostly protruding woolen hair.

The stem is strong and often several mm thick, with a round stem and usually 10 to 30 cm long. It usually rises in an arching manner, is not or only slightly branched and has numerous internodes , usually strongly shortened above .

The leaves are approximate and about 4 to 10 cm long, densely pubescent on both sides and pinnate unpaired. The leaflets are usually in 10 to 12 pairs and are ovate to narrow-elliptical in shape. They are 0.5 to 2 cm long and 2 to 5 mm wide, usually only briefly pointed to rounded, with a very weak midrib and no clear side nerves.

The stipules are smaller than the leaflets, completely free and lanceolate, pointed.

Inflorescences and flowers

Partially dismantled flower: A, C: wings, B: flower with flag, stamens / style and shuttle with tip, D: calyx

The flowering period extends from June to August. The often seemingly terminal, strong inflorescence shafts are 2 to 6 centimeters long. The short-stalked, protruding flowers are in dense, fairly rich-flowered, almost spherical, head-shaped inflorescences . They usually only slightly protrude from the leaves.

The hermaphroditic flowers are barely 1 centimeter long and zygomorphic with a double flower envelope . The calyx is bell-shaped, densely shaggy and covered with short, often dark hair in addition to long white hair. The calyx teeth are subpulate, the lower ones longer than the upper ones and more or less as long as the tube. The petals are pale yellow, nailed short and hardly twice as long as the calyx. The flag is egg-shaped, edged and significantly longer than the blunt wings and the strongly curved shuttle with a long, narrow tip .

Fruit and seeds

The legumes are almost sessile, upright, usually 1.5 centimeters long and 3 to 4 millimeters wide, almost stalk-round, protruding white hairs and many-seeded. They are quickly narrowed towards the upwardly curved stylus remainder.

The seeds are small, kidney-shaped, and brown in color.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.

Origin, distribution, locations and endangerment

Habit and inflorescences
Oxytropis pilosa in Russia

The shaggy pointed keel is probably of Altaic origin and reached Central Europe in different ways and probably at very different times. It is very rarely found in Central Europe . It is a real steppe plant. Although it has expanded somewhat from its current location, its current area cannot possibly have been created under today's conditions, but rather has a distinct relic character. The East German subareas may have been settled in the late glacial period, the central Alpine areas certainly not until much later.

Oxytropis pilosa occurs from the Altai Mountains to the Urals and the northern foothills of the Caucasus . Further west it spreads to Estonia, southern Sweden to the Rhine region and the western Alps. To the south there are deposits in Abruzzo, the southeastern Alps, Serbia, Montenegro, Albania and Turkey.

The shaggy pointed keel grows on steppe meadows on dry southern slopes on loess, rubble, rock, but also on brook alluvions and drifting sand. He is lime-faithful. It occurs mainly in the colline level - rarely higher ( Hohe Tauern up to 2150 m). It is a species of the order Festucetalia valesiacae and occurs in the Stipetum capillaris but also in the Xerobrometum.

Germany

In Germany there are few, now completely separate areas : in the Oder region, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, northern Bavaria, the Rhine region, in the Palatinate as well as in the Neckar region ( NSG Hirschauer Berg ) and in Hegau there are small, isolated occurrences. In Bavaria there are only a few locations in the " Grabfeld " (northern Franconia ).

The shaggy pointed keel is classified as particularly protected according to BArtSchV .

Endangerment in Germany: Category 2: endangered .

Austria

In Austria, the steppe pointed keel occurs rarely to very rarely in the Pannonian region and in arid regions in the interior of the Alps. The occurrences are limited to the federal states of Burgenland , Lower Austria , Styria , Carinthia , Tyrol and Vorarlberg . The species is extinct in Vienna and is considered endangered throughout Austria.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 603.
  2. ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 589 .

literature

  • Gustav Hegi, H. Gams, H. Marzell: Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . 2nd Edition. Volume IV. Part 3: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 2 (5) (Leguminosae - Tropaeolaceae) . Carl Hanser and Paul Parey, Munich and Berlin / Hamburg 1964, ISBN 3-489-70020-1 (unchanged reprint from 1923-1924 with addendum).
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . 2nd expanded edition. tape 2 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Dilleniidae): Hypericaceae to Primulaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3323-7 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .

Web links

Commons : Shaggy Pointed Quill ( Oxytropis pilosa )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files