Swamp forget-me-nots
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Swamp forget-me-nots ( Myosotis scorpioides ) |
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The swamp forget-me-not ( Myosotis scorpioides ) is a type of plant from the genus forget-me-not ( Myosotis ) within the predatory family (Boraginaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The swamp forget-me-not is a hibernating green, herbaceous plant and usually reaches heights of 15 to 80 (5 to 100) centimeters. It can grow tightly upright or appear a little limp. Their stem is rounded to slightly angular and is usually hairy lying flat, but often protruding in the lower part of the stem, rarely also hairy backwards. The branches of the stem are usually acute-angled. Above-ground runners over 10 centimeters long can be formed. The densely packed leaves are hairy.
Generative characteristics
The flowering period extends from May to September. The inflorescences are only two-branched, so contain only wraps , are always leafless and have upright hairs.
The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five pressed hairy sepals are fused to about two thirds of their length. The sky-blue crown is plate-shaped with a diameter of 4 to 12 millimeters. The corolla has five yellow pharynx scales, which are intended to convey the entrance to the flower. The 0.8 to 1.2 mm long anthers not extend beyond the corolla and some are stunted. The stigmas are enclosed within the corolla. The flowering period is April to October.
The fruit stalk is much longer than the calyx. The Klausen fruits disintegrate into four Klausen. The Klausen are 1.2 to 1.8 millimeters long.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 44 or 64 or 66.
ecology
The swamp forget-me-not is a helomorphic, hygromorphic hemicryptophyte .
The swamp forget-me-not forms flowers of the stem-plate type . The crown throat has three functions. On the one hand, it serves as a juice painting ring and is intended to reward flower-visiting insects . On the other hand, it imitates dust bags and is supposed to attract insects in this way. In contrast, it should also keep away insects that are incapable of pollination. Inside the approximately 3 millimeter long corolla tube, nectar is offered for bees , numerous butterflies and long- nosed flies .
The Klausen are the diaspores and Velcro or ants spread.
Fodder plant
The swamp forget-me-not is a nectar plant for the blue iridescent fire butterfly (Lycaena helle).
Occurrence
The original distribution area of the swamp forget-me-not extends from Europe to West Asia . The swamp forget-me-not occurs in East Asia and North America as a neophyte .
The swamp forget-me-not is relatively widespread throughout Germany and parts of Europe. This type of plant is only rarely found in arid regions. In the Allgäu Alps, the swamp forget-me-not in Hochkrumbach in Vorarlberg rises to an altitude of up to 1650 meters.
The swamp forget-me-not occurs on swampy edges of nutrient-rich waters, ditches, or small lakes. It also grows on wet meadows, in reed beds and in swamp forests. In Central Europe it is a weak character species of the association of eutrophic wet meadows (Calthion palustris), but also occurs in wet Molinio-Arrhenatheretea societies, in Phragmitetalia societies or in alder forests (Alnion glutinosae).
Systematics
Myosotis scorpioides was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné . Synonyms for Myosotis scorpioides L. are: Myosotis palustris Hill nom. illeg., Myosotis palustris (L.) L. , Myosotis palustris subsp. laxiflora (Rchb.) M.Sychowa , Myosotis palustris subsp. multiflora (Mérat) Rouy , Myosotis laxiflora Rchb. , Myosotis scorpiodes subsp. multiflora (Mérat) P. Fourn. , Myosotis scorpioides subsp. palustris (L.) F. Herm. , Myosotis scorpioides var. Palustris L. , Myosotis multiflora Mérat .
Depending on the author, there are subspecies of Myosotis scorpioides :
- Myosotis scorpioides L. subsp. scorpioides
- Large-flowered swamp forget-me-not or Baltic Sea forget-me-not ( Myosotis scorpioides subsp. Praecox (Hülph.) Dickoré , syn .: Myosotis praecox Hülph. , Myosotis palustris subsp. Praecox (Hülph.) Almquist & Asplund ): It occurs mainly on the German Baltic Sea and is very rare. It has chromosome number 2n = 66.
- Myosotis scorpioides subsp. radicans (Opiz) Valdés (Syn .: Myosotis radicans Opiz , Myosotis palustris subsp. radicans (Opiz) R.Schust. ): It occurs in Hungary , Poland and Slovakia .
Common names
Other names for the swamp forget-me-not, some of which are only used regionally, are or were: Blue eyebright , Blümelein ( Altmark ), Blümelein forget-me-not (Altmark), Frideles , Friedelesauge , Hennaäugli ( St. Gallen near Werdenberg ), Kleine Hundszung , the longer ever rather , Katzeäugelchen ( Eifel in Ulmen ) Katzenäuglein ( Grisons ), Krötteneuglin ( Silesia ) blue light (Silesia), blue water Mausöhrlein ( Bern ), Musekenor ( middle Low German ), muse ear ( Ostfriesland ) Susannenkrant (Silesia), forget me nit ( Augsburg , St. Gallen, Transylvania , Thuringia , Tyrol ; this designation is documented as early as 1542) and Ziegeräugli ( Canton Lucerne ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Myosotis scorpioides L., Swamp forget-me-not. In: FloraWeb.de.
- ↑ a b c d Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 781 .
- ↑ Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner (Ed.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 10th edited edition. tape 4 : Vascular Plants: Critical Volume . Elsevier, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich / Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-8274-1496-2 .
- ↑ Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany. A botanical-ecological excursion companion to the most important species . 6th, completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7 , p. 317-318 .
- ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , pp. 380-381.
- ↑ a b c d e Benito Valdés, 2011: Boraginaceae. : Data sheet Myosotis scorpioides In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
- ↑ Michael Hassler, Bernd Schmitt: data sheet Myosotis scorpioides ssp. praecox at Flora von Germany - A picture database , version 3.01.
- ^ Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants , published by Philipp Cohen Hannover 1882, page 241.
Web links
- Myosotis scorpioides agg., Swamp forget-me-not (species group). In: FloraWeb.de.
- Myosotis scorpioides subsp. praecox (Hülph.) Dickoré, large-flowered swamp forget-me-not. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Swamp forget-me-nots . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Myosotis scorpioides L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved February 5, 2016.
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere according to Eric Hultén
- Thomas Meyer: Forget-me-not species of the species group Myosotios scorpioides agg data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ).
