Super Tuesday
The Super Tuesday ( English , literal translation Super Tuesday ) is an informal term of the electoral system of the United States . The name refers to a Tuesday (English. Tuesday ) in the year of presidential elections , on which at the same time in a large number of the states area codes (depending on the state as " Primary " or " Caucus“) For the candidacy. Thus, Super Tuesday is the day on which most delegates are elected. Therefore, potential presidential candidates must do well on this election day to ensure a successful nomination as a candidate for the party. So far, Super Tuesday has always taken place in March, only in 2008 it was brought forward to February 5th.
Just as the electoral system is based on electors from the early history of the colonies, Tuesday can also be explained as election day from a historical-practical point of view. Sunday was out of the question as election day because it is church attendance day. In order to enable the voters to travel to the polling stations, which are sometimes not close in the vastness of the USA, Tuesday was set as election day. So Monday could be used for the journey.
history
1988 to 2004
The self-term "Super Tuesday" first referred to March 8, 1988, when the southern states of Texas , Florida , Tennessee , Louisiana , Oklahoma , Mississippi , Kentucky , Alabama, and Georgia held simultaneous primaries for the 1988 US presidential election in November. The cross-state regional primaries are based on an idea by Democrats to put up their own moderate candidate who would better represent the interests of the southern states. (This plan ultimately did not work because the party left Michael Dukakis , the governor of Massachusetts , was nominated). Although participation in simultaneous primaries is subject to fluctuations, there was again a Super Tuesday in all subsequent election years: on March 19, 1992, March 12, 1996, March 7, 2000, March 2, 2004 and in the individual years below documented subsequent election years.
A convincing result on Super Tuesday has mostly boosted the chances of a successful candidacy. In general, the Iowa caucus and the New Hampshire primary have received heavy press coverage as they are the first primary. In terms of numbers, however, they are of little relevance to the overall result, since these are relatively small states. The Super Tuesday primaries, on the other hand, take place in a large number of states that are demographically and socially very different, which means that the result is seen as decisive for nationwide acceptance of the candidates. In 1992, Bill Clinton had lost a number of previous primary elections, but won convincingly on Super Tuesday in a number of southern states - he ultimately also became a Democratic Party candidate and won the presidential election. In 1996, Republican Bob Dole saw the turnaround on Super Tuesday, and in 2000 Democrat Al Gore and Republican George W. Bush were able to back up their candidacy with victories in the Super Tuesday primaries. On Super Tuesday in 2000, 16 US states and American Samoa were involved and about 61 percent (Democrats) and 58 percent (Republicans) of the delegate votes were secured.
"Super Duper Tuesday" 2008
Before that day there were efforts by some states to bring their primaries forward to a Tuesday in early February in order to jointly increase their importance in the parties' presidential election campaign. As a result of these efforts for joint primaries in February for the 2008 presidential election year, primaries were held in 24 states on February 5, 2008. This meant that around half of the possible delegates could be won on that day.
For this biggest “Super Tuesday” to date, the press jokingly used forms of increase such as “Super Duper Tuesday”, “Giga Tuesday” or “Tsunami Tuesday”. The nickname Tsunami Tuesday came up on June 3, 2007, when the press strategists of the major parties - James Carville , Bob Shrum , Mary Matalin and Mike Murphy - spoke at the round table of the Meet the Press event about the importance of the previous Super Tuesday would be wiped away.
| Democratic primaries | Hillary Clinton | Barack Obama |
|---|---|---|
| States won on Super Tuesday | 12 | 11 |
| Delegate votes won on Super Tuesday | 834 | 847 |
| Republican primaries | John McCain | Mitt Romney | Mike Huckabee | Ron Paul |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| States won on Super Tuesday | 9 | 7th | 5 | 0 |
| Delegate votes won on Super Tuesday | 511 | 176 | 147 | 10 |
2012
In order to counter the race for ever earlier primary dates, the Republican National Committee had determined that states holding their primaries before March 6, 2012 without the permission of the RNC would only be allocated half of the arithmetical seats they were entitled to at the nomination convention. Accordingly, March 6, 2012, the first Tuesday in March, became Super Tuesday in the 2012 presidential election year with area codes and caucuses in eleven states. Democratic primary elections did not take place because Barack Obama as incumbent president was undisputed as a candidate.
| Republican primaries | Mitt Romney | Rick Santorum | Newt Gingrich | Ron Paul |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| States won on Super Tuesday 2012 | 6th | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| Delegate votes won on Super Tuesday 2012 (4 from Ohio unassigned) |
225 | 89 | 80 | 21st |
2016
In 2016, Super Tuesday took place on March 1, with primaries in the following states: Alabama , Alaska ( GOP ), Arkansas , Georgia , Massachusetts , Colorado , Minnesota , Oklahoma , Tennessee , Texas , Vermont , Virginia . In Wyoming and North Dakota there were also votes with the Republicans, but the result, like that in Colorado, is not binding. A total of 595 delegate votes (25% of all) for Republicans and 865 delegate votes (22% of all) for Democrats were cast. In Texas alone 155 Republican delegates and 252 Democratic delegates were elected. The next largest states were Georgia (76 Rep., 116 Dem.), Virginia (49 Rep., 110 Dem.), Tennessee (58 Rep., 76 Dem.) And Alabama (50 Rep., 60 Dem.).
| Democratic primaries | Hillary Clinton | Bernie Sanders |
|---|---|---|
| States won on Super Tuesday | 7th | 4th |
| Delegate votes won on Super Tuesday | 453 | 284 |
| Republican primaries | Donald Trump | Ted Cruz | Marco Rubio | John Kasich | Ben Carson |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| States won on Super Tuesday | 7th | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Delegate votes won on Super Tuesday | 203 | 144 | 71 | 19th | 3 |
Hillary Clinton won an absolute majority of the Democrats in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Massachusetts, Tennessee, Texas and Virginia. Sanders was successful in Colorado, Oklahoma, Minnesota, and his home state of Vermont.
Among the Republicans, Donald Trump won the most delegate votes and the relative majorities in the states of Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Massachusetts, Tennessee, Vermont and Virginia. Ted Cruz came second in terms of delegate votes and was successful in his home state of Texas, as well as Oklahoma and Alaska. Marco Rubio won Minnesota. John Kasich and Ben Carson landed far behind.
2020
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ CNN Politics: RESULTS February 5 - SUPER TUESDAY
- ^ The Rules of the Republican Party. (PDF; 956 kB) Republican National Committee, August 6, 2010, pp. 18–19 , archived from the original on September 9, 2008 ; Retrieved October 3, 2011 .
- ↑ US election 2016: What is Super Tuesday? BBC News, March 1, 2016, accessed March 1, 2016 .
- ↑ Stephanie Condon, Emily Schultheis: Super Tuesday: What you need to know. CBS News, February 27, 2016, accessed March 1, 2016 .
- ↑ Super Tuesday results. The New York Times, March 2, 2016, accessed March 2, 2016 .
- ↑ Super Tuesday state results. The Washington Post, March 1, 2016, accessed March 2, 2016 .