Peres open pit mine
| Peres open pit mine | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
| Mining technology | Open pit mine on 20.8 km² | ||
| Overburden | 656.4 million t | ||
| Funding / total | 139.9 million t | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Employees | 900 | ||
| Start of operation | 1963 | ||
| End of operation | 1991 | ||
| Successor use | Pereser Kippe, afforestation to "Pereser Holz"; Active part planned as the "Peres" mining field of the United Schleenhain opencast mine, then backfilling to Lake Peres planned | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Brown coal / brown coal / brown coal / brown coal | ||
| Brown coal | |||
| Böhlener Oberflöz | |||
| Brown coal | |||
| Degradation of | Brown coal | ||
| Thuringian main seam | |||
| Brown coal | |||
| Degradation of | Brown coal | ||
| Saxon-Thuringian sub-seam | |||
| Brown coal | |||
| Degradation of | Brown coal | ||
| Borna main seam | |||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 10 '10.1 " N , 12 ° 19' 47" E | ||
|
|||
| local community | Neukieritzsch , Groitzsch | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Leipzig | ||
| country | Free State of Saxony | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Central German lignite district | ||
The Peres opencast mine was an opencast mine for the extraction of lignite in the southern area of Leipzig. It had been in operation since 1963 and was shut down early in 1991. The area not yet dismantled was re-excavated in 2014/15 as the Peres field of the United Schleenhain opencast mine and is to be dismantled by 2035. After its complete shutdown, the Pereser See is to be built on part of the site .
The Peres open-cast mine was the first and only open-cast mine in the GDR in which overburden and coal were extracted using conveyor belts. It belongs to the Borna district of the Central German coal and steel region .
Geographical location
The Peres opencast mine was located south of Leipzig between Pegau and Groitzsch in the west, Böhlen in the north, the Lippendorf power plant in the northeast and Neukieritzsch in the southeast. The federal highway 176 (old route) and the Neukieritzsch – Pegau railway line delimited the area to the south, behind which the Schleenhain and Groitzscher Dreieck opencast mines , which are now part of the United Schleenhain opencast mine , connect to the south. The Leipzig – Hof railway line delimited the mining field to the east, and the Witznitz open-cast mine , which has now been closed, was beyond the railway line . The charred area of the Peres opencast mine is located in the east and south of the area. It has already been partially renatured. The not yet mined western part will continue to be operated as the "Peres mining field" of the United Schleenhain opencast mine. After its charring, the Pereser See is to be built there.
history
Start of lignite mining
Since the overburden above the Böhlener Oberflöz in the Borna-Leipzig district is not very thick, it was possible to extract lignite of inferior quality in the Borna area early on. The extraction mostly took place above the water table or in deeper brown coal pits by raising the water with suction pumps. Only through the use of steam engines was it possible to raise the water by around 20 meters in an underground mine near Pulgar in 1842. In the middle of the 19th century coal was already being mined in several underground pits in the area around Peres . The Saxonia shaft produced coal between 1892 and 1907. However, it was dredged over from the Peres open pit mine between 1975 and 1981.
Peres open pit mine
In the area between Weißer Elster in the west and Pleiße in the east, systematic exploratory drilling has been carried out around the village of Peres since 1960 in order to obtain information about the existence of minable seams and their dimensions. With a symbolic groundbreaking ceremony on April 9, 1963, work began to prepare the field drainage for the Peres open-cast mine. In 1964, Shaft 1 near Pödelwitz was the first drainage shaft of the future open-cast mine. First of all, the excavation area was drained by means of underground drainage sections, in which the groundwater dissolved with filters was collected and drained off via pumps and pipes. From 1966, filter well systems were used.
In preparation for the clearance of the exploration area, the first site had to give way to the opencast mine. The village of Leipen north of Pödelwitz with 82 inhabitants was completely demolished in 1965/66. The Peres opencast mine was excavated on March 17, 1966 using the E 1200-1264 excavator between Piegel in the north and Pödelwitz in the south. It was an important milestone in the development of belt conveyor technology. The overburden was first transported to the outer dump in the Böhlen opencast mine by means of a 12-kilometer-long conveyor system, where it was tipped by the A2Rs-B 5000-1066 spreader. A second external dump was in operation until the internal tilting was started in the charred area of the Peres opencast mine in the Espenhain opencast mine . They designed the Stöhna retention basin as a substitute mining service for the old Pleiße course destroyed by the Espenhain opencast mine .
Coal production in the Peres opencast mine began on January 28, 1970. The first train left the mine in the direction of the Lippendorf power station . Furthermore, power plants and briquette factories in the Borna-Leipzig lignite mining district were supplied by the opencast mine, in which up to 900 miners worked at peak times. The opencast mine swiveled clockwise in an arc, first to the west, then to the north. The first inside dump could be set up in 1975 with the A2Rs-B 8800-1077 spreader, the second followed in the following year with the 1066 spreader. Between 1976 and 1978 the 67-inhabitant town of Piegel was dredged over. After the 146-inhabitant town of Peres, from which the open-cast mine owes its name, was also excavated in 1982/83, the municipality of Peres-Pulgar, formed in 1961 from the towns of Pulgar , Peres and Piegel , lost its existence.
Pulgar had already been demolished in 1971 to build part of the Böhlen chemical works. In 1978 the pivot point was shifted to the northeast. Since the overburden / coal ratio deteriorated with the progress of the opencast mine, the new SRs 2000-1528 bucket wheel excavator was used to remove the overburden in the first cut. This enabled the amount of coal extracted to be kept constant. The E 1200-1264 bucket chain excavator that was freed as a result could be relocated to the then newly opened Cospuden opencast mine to move the spoil . In the hallway Kieritzsch deserted village located Zöllsdorf was dredged a year before the closure in 1990 partially. The economic change accompanying the German reunification in 1989/90 led to a drastic decline in the demand for lignite, which resulted in the Peres open-cast mine being closed early on April 30, 1991. Since the opencast mine was opened in 1966, two thirds of the mining area had been charred. A total of 656.4 million cubic meters of overburden were moved and 139.9 million tons of raw coal were extracted.
In contrast to other opencast mines in the Central German lignite mining area, the mining of the remaining third in the eastern part of the opencast mine was not abandoned, only suspended. It has been part of the United Schleenhain opencast mine since 1995 as the “Peres mining field” , where it is the third mining field alongside the “Schleenhain” and “Groitzscher Dreieck” mining fields. In 2014/15 the cutting of the Peres mining field began.
Recultivation of the charred part of the Peres opencast mine
Shortly after the unscheduled premature closure of the Peres opencast mine on April 30, 1991, the recultivation of the post-mining landscape began on May 15, 1991 . The object of the renovation was primarily the disused dump areas. Most of the large equipment was also dismantled by 1993. Securing the embankments of the remaining open pit was another task shortly after the open pit was suspended. On January 1, 1994, a contract stipulated the division of the East German lignite mining into a privatized part to be shut down and a part to be continued.
In the area of the Peres, Schleenhain and Groitzscher Dreieck opencast mines , this meant that the mining fields to be continued as the United Schleenhain opencast mine will continue to be operated by MIBRAG from 1994/95 until 2040. The disused areas were handed over to the LMBV or its predecessor company. She also took over the security in the deferred area. Since the active mining areas (eastern part) and the redevelopment areas (southern and western parts) are very close to one another in the Peres mining area, an agreement between the two companies is extremely important. The redevelopment area consists u. a. from the inner dump of Peres, from unsecured residual hole areas and the former daytime and railway facilities. A task is u. a. securing the embankments. Since the Pereser See is to emerge from the remaining hole of the open-cast mine after the coal production has ceased in 2040 , it is important to keep the remaining hole dry for operational reasons .
For the remediation, it is an important fact that the groundwater must continue to be pumped out over the next few decades due to the active mining in the entire area. This was taken into account during the renovation of the dump site. a. when upgrading the embankments. For the recultivation, soil suitable for cultivation was applied to the rehabilitation areas, which was stored separately at the time of excavation. The already renatured areas of the former Peres opencast mine are part of the post- mining landscape of the United Schleenhain opencast mine, which will be active until 2040.
Large parts of the redevelopment area, which is withheld from nature conservation, have been reforested. To commemorate the devastated town of Peres, a viewing hill was created which is called "Pereser Blick". Furthermore, in 2010 the Heimatverein Lippendorf-Kieritzsch initiated the erection of three memorial stones for the districts of Peres and Piegel destroyed by the opencast mine and the district of Pulgar, which was demolished for the construction of the Böhlen chemical works. Today you are at the exit of Lippendorf or at the parking lot of Dow Chemical in Pulgar.
Production capacity of the opencast mine until 1991
The open pit in numbers
The mining area of the Peres opencast mine belongs to the Weißelster Basin, in which four seams lying one above the other could be extracted. The following seams were of varying thickness and were separated from each other by intermediate layers of sand and clay:
- Saxon-Thuringian sub-seam (seam I): Depths between 60 and 100 meters with a thickness of up to 5 meters (only mined in the Schleenhain opencast mine)
- Borna main seam (seam II): Depths between 20 and 70 meters with a thickness of up to 7 meters (minable over the entire deposit)
- Thuringian main seam (seam III): Depths between 20 and 70 meters with a thickness of up to 4 meters
- Böhlener Oberflöz (Seam IV): Depths between 20 and 60 meters with a thickness of 7 to 10 meters
The Peres opencast mine reached a maximum depth of 68 meters. The mine-to-coal ratio of the mine was 4.4: 1. In the Peres opencast mine (total duration between 1963 and 1991) 656.4 million cubic meters of overburden were mined in 28 years and 139.9 million tons of coal in 25 years. The open pit took up an area of 20.8 km². The coal extracted was supplied to the old Lippendorf power station as well as briquette factories and power stations at the Böhlen and Espenhain refining locations in the Borna district.
technology
The Peres opencast mine was equipped with the latest technology. It was the first strip mine in the GDR and at the same time the only one in which the extraction of coal and overburden was carried out entirely with conveyor systems. A total of 33 kilometers of conveyor systems were in use in the opencast mine. Seven excavators were available to extract overburden and coal. After the cessation of coal mining, a total of 14 large devices were dismantled and either recycled or scrapped by the year 2000. These included five bucket wheel excavators, two spreaders, two bucket chain excavators, three trench diggers and two belt trucks.
| Place of use | Type | Device number | Construction year | Comment / whereabouts |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overburden operation | E1200 bucket ladder excavator | 1264 | from 1984 in the Cospuden opencast mine ; Scrapped in 1992 | |
| Overburden operation | Bucket ladder excavator ERs 560 | 328 | 1970 | Scrapped in 1994 |
| Overburden operation | Bucket wheel excavator SRs 2000 | 1528 | 1984 | from 1992 in the Schleenhain opencast mine |
| Overburden operation | Bucket wheel excavator SRs 1200n | 1494 | 1967 | until 1999 in San., scrapped in 2000 |
| Overburden operation | Bucket wheel excavator SRs 470 | 1485 | 1968 | Scrapped in 1992/93 |
| Overburden operation | Belt trailer BRs 1400 | 817 | from 1992 in the Schleenhain opencast mine | |
| Tilt | Spreader A2Rs-B 8800 | 1077 | 1968 | until 1999 in San., scrapped in 2000 |
| Tilt | Spreader A2Rs-B 5000 | 1066 | 1965 | Scrapped in 1995 |
| Coal mining | Bucket wheel excavator SRs 630/800 | 1471 | 1964 | Scrapped in 1993 |
| Coal mining | Bucket wheel excavator SRs 800 | 1409 | 1958 | Scrapped in 1992 |
| Coal mining | Bucket ladder excavator ERs 560 | 305 | 1962 | Scrapped in 1992 |
| Coal mining | Belt trailer BRs 1200 | 815 | 1968 | Scrapped in 1992 |
| Coal mining | Belt trailer BRs 1200 | 816 | 1968 | Scrapped in 1992 |
| Overburden and coal bunkers | Trench creator G 1600 | 1286 | Scrapped in 1993 | |
| Overburden and coal bunkers | Trench creator G 500 | 1274 | Scrapped in 1991 | |
| Overburden and coal bunkers | Trench creator G 500 | 1275 | Scrapped in 1991 | |
| Overburden and coal bunkers | Drop device | 105 | Scrapped in 1993 | |
| Droßdorf coal dump | Bucket wheel excavator SRs 315 | 141 | 1957 | Scrapped in 1991 |
Devastated localities
| Relocation site | Residents | Dismantling year |
|---|---|---|
| Leipen | 82 | 1965-1966 |
| Mirror | 67 | 1976-1978 |
| Peres | 146 | 1982-1983 |
| Zöllsdorf desert | 0 | 1990 |
Web links
- Description of the Peres opencast mine in a LMBV document
- The Peres opencast mine on www.devastiert.de
- The Peres opencast mine on www.ostkohle.de
Individual evidence
- ^ Zöllsdorf in the Historical Directory of Saxony
- ^ Article in the "Leipziger Volkszeitung" from October 16, 2013, read on July 20, 2016
- ↑ The Peres opencast mine at www.devastiert.de ( Memento of the original from June 30, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
