Lippendorf power plant

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lippendorf power plant
The two steam generators of the Lippendorf power plant (2006)
The two steam generators of the Lippendorf power plant (2006)
location
Lippendorf power plant (Saxony)
Lippendorf power plant
Coordinates 51 ° 10 '59 "  N , 12 ° 22' 22"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 10 '59 "  N , 12 ° 22' 22"  E
country Germany
place Böhlen (Saxony)
Data
Type Thermal power plant / lignite power plant
Primary energy Fossil energy
fuel Brown coal ( Central German brown coal region )
power 1,750 MW el (electric) :
  • Block R: 875 MW
  • Block S: 875 MW

330 MW th (thermal) :

  • Block R: 115 MW
  • Block S: 115 MW
owner Block R: LEAG
Block S: EnBW
operator Lausitz Energie Kraftwerke AG
Project start 1974
Start of operations Block R: December 1999
Block S: June 1999
Energy fed in 2018 Block R: 6,000 GWh
Website LEAG
was standing July 8, 2019
Aerial photo from June 2019. Block S was temporarily shut down shortly beforehand.

Aerial photo from June 2019. Block S was temporarily shut down shortly beforehand.

f2

The Lippendorf power plant is a lignite -fired steam power plant on the northwestern edge of the town of Lippendorf in the Neukieritzsch municipality in the Leipzig district . It is located about 15 km south of Leipzig , which is also supplied with heat from the power plant via a district heating pipe .

The power plant is operated by LEAG , which is also the owner of a block (Block R). Block S belongs to EnBW . The power plant was inaugurated on June 22, 2000 with a speech by the then German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder . The investments for the power plant (excluding the opencast mine) amounted to 2.3 billion euros.

history

Old Lippendorf power plant, dismantled in 2005

The first power plant to be built at the Lippendorf site, the Böhlen industrial power plant , was built in 1926. This power plant supplied the Böhlen chemical plant.

In 1965 a new power plant was built next to the Böhlen IKW. It served to supply the Böhlen chemical plant and the base load supply of the southern GDR . This power plant consisted of a condensing power plant with four power plant blocks each with a nominal output of 100 MW el and an industrial power plant , which mainly supplied steam to the Böhlen chemical plant, with four busbar turbo sets each with 50 MW el .

Because of the environmental laws in force after 1990 , the owners decided that retrofitting with modern environmental technology was not feasible for technical and economic reasons. That is why the Vereinigte Energiewerke AG (VEAG) and Bayernwerk AG planned the construction of an optimized lignite-fired double-unit plant on the site of the former Böhlen industrial power station. VEAG commissioned the VEBA Kraftwerke Ruhr AG (VKR) working group and Energie- und Umwelttechnik GmbH Radebeul (EUT) with the planning. The first version of the planning was delivered in July 1992. Investigations followed to increase the efficiency by increasing the temperatures for live steam and additional steam as well as to utilize waste heat by cooling raw gas. These results were presented to VEAG on November 16, 1992. In the planning phase, a net block efficiency of 39% was initially set as the target. However, this was subsequently increased to 42.55% through optimization. The foundation stone was laid on November 29, 1995 by the then Prime Minister of Saxony, Kurt Biedenkopf . The first grid connection of the power plant block S took place on June 18, 1999 at 3:42 p.m. The structurally identical Block R went into the first test operation on December 15 of the same year. On June 22nd, 2000 the power plant was officially inaugurated by the then Federal Chancellor Gerhard Schröder .

With the commissioning of the two new blocks, the old Lippendorf power plant was gradually shut down and dismantled . The first cooling tower was blown up on December 6, 1997, the second was dismantled in 2005 using hydraulic demolition tongs. The chimney was blown up on August 27, 2005, and the boiler house followed on September 5, 2005.

The initial staffing of the operating team was made up of the Lippendorf and Thierbach power plants in the area .

On June 27, 2019, EnBW, as the operator of Block S, announced the temporary shutdown of it. The move was justified with economic reasons resulting from low electricity prices and rising certificate prices for CO 2 within the EU. The continued operation of Block R by the LEAG was not affected. In mid-July 2019, Block S was put back into operation under the management of LEAG.

technical description

The cooling towers as seen from the Böhlen Werke stop
The silhouette of the power plant determines the picture in the south of Leipzig

The power plant consists of two blocks, each with a gross nominal output of 933.6  MW el . The two boilers built by Babcock , each with a steam output of 2420 t / h, represented the most modern large- scale combustion technology for lignite in the world when they were commissioned. The steam from each of these boilers drives a turbine set , an ABB turbine generator unit with 1167 MVA. At the same time, when the power plant was commissioned, it had the largest and most effective lignite-fired power plant units and the most powerful single-shaft turbines. They had a (technically feasible highest) efficiency of 42.55% at the time of construction . The net output of the power plant blocks is 891 MW el each . Due to the size of the systems, they were designed for base load operation. The additional extraction of heat for heating purposes achieves a total fuel efficiency of 46 percent. The extracted district heating output is a maximum of 330 MW th . It is made available to the cities of Leipzig , Böhlen (Saxony) and the community of Neukieritzsch . The district heating pipeline to Leipzig, designed for a heat transfer capacity of 330 megawatts, is 15 kilometers long. The Stadtwerke Leipzig are planning to purchase from the power plant no more district heating from the 2023rd

The time required for the power plant lignite amount of an average of 10 million tonnes per year (2003: 11.7 million tons) is from the United Schleenhain coal mine of MIBRAG delivered. The coal arrives at the power plant via an approximately 14-kilometer-long belt system - first to a coal mixing and stacking area, where it is broken down to 50 millimeters in grain size, thereby balancing out the different coal qualities of the seams by mixing. Up to 400,000 t of raw lignite can be kept there, which is roughly equivalent to the consumption of 15 days of power plant operation. The planned operating life of the opencast mine of 40 years corresponds to the technical life expectancy of the power plant.

Thanks to modern combustion technology and extensive air purification and filter systems, all legal requirements for air pollution control are met or undercut. Since the lignite used has a relatively high sulfur content, flue gas desulfurization is of particular importance. This is done using a wet washing process, which delivers plaster of paris as the end product . The delivered quicklime (approx. 1000 t / d) is extinguished in a lime slaking station, i. H. Quicklime (CaO) is converted into calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2 by adding water . This milk of lime suspension is sprayed into the flue gas flow in large absorbers and reacts with the contained SO 2 to form CaSO 3 , which is then oxidized to CaSO 4 (gypsum) by means of an oxidizing air blower The gypsum (approx. 1 million t / a) is used as raw material for an adjacent gypsum factory ( plasterboard ) and for a company that produces dental plaster. The rest of the gypsum is transported by rail to various countries Exported to Europe or temporarily stored in a remaining open pit for later use. The central German railroad carries out the rail logistics for the required additives and the resulting gypsum .

Transport of sewage sludge by truck

Since 2004, between 300,000 and 320,000 tons of sewage sludge (approx. 2.5% of the total fuel requirement) have been incinerated every year . Through the KSMV (sewage sludge co-incineration), the sewage sludge is added to the lignite furnace, burned and largely rendered harmless by the filter systems of the power plant. This co-incineration saves around 41,000 tons of lignite per year. This addition of fuel does not introduce any additional CO 2 into the natural cycle, but the net efficiency is reduced by around 0.05% to 42.5%. However, this disadvantage is in the background with regard to the economic viability (saving of the amount of lignite and remuneration for disposal) of sewage sludge co-incineration.

Technical data (design data, unless otherwise stated)

general overview

Gross output in MW el 1867.2
Short-term gross output in MW el 1940
Apparent power in MVA 2334
Steam generator 2 (identical)
Turbo sets 2 (identical)
Type of combustion Primarily pulverized lignite , secondary sewage treatment plant residues, start-up operation for extra light heating oil
Type of use Base load , due to the EEG also medium load
Flue gas dedusting Electrostatic precipitator (2 filters with 16 individual fields each per steam generator)
Flue gas desulphurization Wet scrubbing process (2 flue gas desulfurization systems per steam generator)
Flue gas denitrification not required, as limit values are undercut due to low NO x combustion
CO 2 reduction 1 through increased efficiency and partial primary fuel substitution with CO 2 -neutral secondary fuel 2
District heating extraction in MW th 330
Net efficiency in% 42.5
Fuel efficiency in% 46

1 only with base load operation
2 sewage treatment plant residues

Steam generator

Art Forced run
design type Tower construction 1
Height in m 163
Steam output in t / h 2420
Combustion chamber height in m 90
FD pressure in bar 267.5
FD temp. In ° C 554
ZD pressure in bar 52
ZD temp. In ° C 583
Primary fuel quantity in t / h approx. 750
Secondary fuel quantity in t / h approx. 22
Mills 8 × NV 110 2

1 all heating surfaces are arranged in a single pass upwards, exhaust gas is discharged in an empty pass downwards
2 wet fan mills with a maximum coal throughput of 110 t / h each

Turbines

design type 5-casing single-shaft high-temperature condensation turbine
Length in m 51.7
Live steam volume in kg / s
Pressure v. HD part in cash 6.45
Temp. HD part in ° C 550
Intermediate steam volume in kg / s 596.8
Pressure v. MD part in cash 50
Temp. MD part in ° C 582
Condenser pressure in bar absolute 0.038
Speed ​​in min −1 3000

Capacitors

Power to be dissipated in MW th 1 890.76
Condenser pressure in bar absolute 0.038
Cooling water volume in m³ / s 20.9
Cooling water inlet temperature in ° C 16.4
Cooling water speed in m / s 1.95
Heat exchange area in m² 54,950
External dimensions (W / H / D) in m 22/15/18
Net weight in t 1140

1 Waste heat energy that cannot be used technically at the moment, but is required for the steam turbine process

Generators

Manufacturer ABB ( Alstom )
Type 50WT25E-158
Apparent power in MVA 1167
Active power in MW el 933.6
circuit star
Voltage in kV 27
Current in kA 24,954
Power factor, overexcited 0.8
No-load short-circuit ratio 0.505
Excitation device static
Excitation voltage in V 757
Excitation current in A 6001
H 2 excess pressure in bar 5
Mass of stator in t 430.3
Mass of rotor in t 97
Frequency in Hz 50
Speed in min −1 3000
cooling H 2 / H 2 O

Machine transformers

number 2 1 2
Type TWSM ( Siemens ) KDOR ( FIG )
Apparent power in MVA 1100 1100
Translation in kV 27/410 27/410
stages 27 27
Cooling type ODWF 2 ODWF
circuit YNd5 YNd5
uk in% 21-22 21-22
Max. Short circuit duration in s 8th 8th
Total mass in t 550 555
Oil mass in t 92.5 102

1 Parallel connection of a Siemens and an ABB transformer per block
2 O - oil as internal coolant, D - direct flow of the internal coolant (through oil pumps and targeted flow distributors),
W - water as external coolant, F - forced flow (through cooling water pumps )

Cooling towers

Natural draft wet cooling tower in operation
number 2
design type Natural draft wet cooling tower
Cooling water throughput in t / h 86,400
Height in m 174.5

Exhaust gas discharge

The exhaust gases cleaned by electrostatic precipitators and flue gas desulphurisation systems are released into the environment using convection via the two 174.5 m high cooling towers.

Auxiliary steam supply

An auxiliary steam rail enables one block to supply the other. In the event that both steam generators come to a standstill, there are auxiliary steam generators:

Auxiliary steam generator
number 2
Art Natural circulation with two drums
fuel Heating oil EL
Steam parameters 3.12 t / h, 500 ° C, 30 bar

Self-supply in case of power failure

Load shedding on own demand (island operation)
12 battery systems 220 V−
10 battery systems 24 V−
16 uninterruptible power supplies
1 emergency power diesel 2000 kVA, 0.4 kV

The power plant is not self-black-starting .

Mains connection

The power plant is connected to the Pulgar substation of the transmission system operator 50Hertz Transmission via a 380 kV high-voltage line.

Others

View from the roof

The two 164-meter-high boiler houses were the tallest industrial buildings in Germany until the 172-meter-high boiler houses of the Niederaussem power plant were completed in 2002. On the boiler house R there is a viewing platform with a compass rose, which shows special placemarks in the area. The highest point of the power plant is the chimney of the auxiliary boiler system at a height of 180 m.

Environmental and health damage

The Lippendorf power plant has come under fire because it emits large amounts of nitrogen oxides , sulfur oxides , mercury and fine dust , which can cause cancerous substances ( lead , cadmium , nickel , PAHs , dioxins and furans ) to adhere. In particular, the heavy metal emissions are significantly higher than with comparable German lignite power plants. A study commissioned by Greenpeace at the University of Stuttgart in 2013 came to the conclusion that the fine dusts emitted by the Lippendorf power plant in 2010 and the secondary fine dusts formed from sulfur dioxide , nitrogen oxide and NMVOC emissions lead statistically to 2,272 years of life lost. The Lippendorf power plant therefore ranks third on the list of “Germany's most harmful coal-fired power plants”.

In addition, in view of climate change, the power plant's CO 2 emissions are under fire. On the list of the most climate-damaging power plants in the EU published by WWF in May 2007 , the Lippendorf power plant was ranked 16th in Europe with 12.4 million tons of carbon dioxide and 8th in Germany (950 g CO 2 emissions per generated Kilowatt hour of electricity), after the Niederaussem , Jänschwalde , Frimmersdorf , Weisweiler , Neurath , Boxberg and Schwarze Pumpe power plants .

The Lippendorf power plant reported the following emissions in the European pollutant register " PRTR ":

Emissions from the Lippendorf power plant
Air pollutant 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) 10,900,000,000 kg 10,800,000,000 kg 11,800,000,000 kg 11,900,000,000 kg 10,300,000,000 kg 10,800,000,000 kg 11,400,000,000 kg
Sulfur oxides (as SO x / SO 2 ) 11,800,000 kg 11,300,000 kg 12,100,000 kg 12,300,000 kg 9,950,000 kg 10,600,000 kg  11,000,000 kg
Nitrogen oxides ( NO x / NO 2 ) 7,330,000 kg 7,140,000 kg 7,910,000 kg 8,740,000 kg 8,010,000 kg 8,660,000 kg 8,330,000 kg
Carbon monoxide ( CO ) no information 621,000 kg 755,000 kg 906,000 kg 1,140,000 kg 1,150,000 kg 649,000 kg
Nitrous oxide ( N 2 O ) 131,000 kg 125,000 kg 138,000 kg 148,000 kg 132,000 kg 125,000 kg 143,000 kg
Particulate matter ( PM10 ) 145,000 kg 138,000 kg 229,000 kg 173,000 kg 108,000 kg   95,800 kg 94,500 kg
Inorganic Chlorine Compounds (as HCl ) 226,000 kg 173,000 kg 228,000 kg 155,000 kg 43,600 kg  45,800 kg no information
Nickel and compounds (as Ni ) no information 571 kg 230 kg 169 kg no information 64.8 kg 70 kg
Mercury and compounds (as Hg ) 647 kg 482 kg 410 kg 489 kg 490 kg 538 kg 578 kg
Lead and compounds (as Pb ) no information no information no information no information no information no information no information
Chromium and compounds (as Cr ) 652 kg no information no information no information no information no information no information
Copper and compounds (as Cu ) 385 kg 124 kg 455 kg no information no information 120 kg no information
Cadmium and Compounds (as Cd ) 116 kg 61 kg 614 kg no information no information no information no information
Arsenic and Compounds (as As ) no information no information 72 kg 40 kg 29 kg  31.9 kg 30 kg

No other typical pollutant emissions were reported, as they are only required to be reported in the PRTR from an annual minimum amount, e.g. B. Dioxins and furans from 0.0001 kg, cadmium from 10 kg, arsenic from 20 kg, nickel from 50 kg, chromium from 100 kg, lead and zinc from 200 kg, inorganic fluorine compounds from 5,000 kg, ammonia from 10,000 kg, carbon monoxide as well as volatile organic compounds except methane (NMVOC) from 100,000 kg.

The European Environment Agency has estimated the cost of damage to the environment and health of the 28,000 largest industrial plants in Europe on the basis of the emission data reported in the PRTR using the scientific methods of the European Commission. According to this, the Lippendorf power plant ranks 14th among the damage costs of all European industrial plants.

Environmental and health damage
cause Damage costs (in EUR million) proportion of
according to the value of a human life method ( VSL )
* number of deaths due to air pollution
according to the method value of a year of life ( YOLL )
* number of potentially lost years of life
Lippendorf power plant 677 1.107 0.7-1.1%
A total of 28,000 systems 102,000 169,000 100%

See also

Web links

Commons : Lippendorf Power Station  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. a b power plant list. (XLSX) Federal Network Agency , March 7, 2019, accessed on July 8, 2019 .
  2. ^ Fossil energy. Locations. EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg , accessed on July 8, 2019 .
  3. André Neumann: Lippendorf power plant only produces half as much electricity. In: Leipziger Volkszeitung . June 27, 2019, accessed July 7, 2019 .
  4. Julia Tonne: Lippendorf power plant: Second block back in operation. In: Leipziger Volkszeitung . July 16, 2019, accessed July 16, 2019 .
  5. Wolfgang Pomrehn: Leipzig is getting out of brown coal. In: Telepolis . January 19, 2019, accessed July 8, 2019 .
  6. Fine dust sources and damage caused , Federal Environment Agency (Dessau)
  7. Assessment of Health Impacts of Coal Fired Power Stations in Germany - by Applying EcoSenseWeb (English, PDF 1.2 MB) Philipp Preis / Joachim Roos / Prof. Rainer Friedrich, Institute for Energy Economics and Rational Use of Energy, University of Stuttgart , March 28, 2013
  8. Greenpeace: The ten most unhealthy coal-fired power plants in Germany (PDF 129 kB) ( Memento of the original from December 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.greenpeace.de
  9. ^ Dirty Thirty Ranking of the most polluting power stations in Europe . WWF, May 2007 (PDF 1.1 MB)
  10. Lippendorf power plant in the German PRTR register
  11. Regulation (EC) No. 166/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of January 18, 2006 on the creation of a European pollutant release and transfer register
  12. Cost-benefit analysis of air quality policy , Clean Air for Europe (CAFE) program, European Commission
  13. a b Revealing the costs of air pollution from industrial facilities in Europe , European Environment Agency , Copenhagen, 2011