Frimmersdorf power plant

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Frimmersdorf power plant
Frimmersdorf power plant in Grevenbroich
Frimmersdorf power plant in Grevenbroich
location
Frimmersdorf power plant (North Rhine-Westphalia)
Frimmersdorf power plant
Coordinates 51 ° 3 '23 "  N , 6 ° 34' 37"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 3 '23 "  N , 6 ° 34' 37"  E
country Germany
Data
Type coal-fired power station
fuel Brown coal
power from 1989:
2,413 MWel gross
2,136 MWel net
since 2013:
635 MWel gross
562 MWel net
owner RWE Power
operator RWE Power
Project start 1952
Start of operations 1955–1970 (Frimmersdorf 2)
Shutdown 1988: 2 blocks (100 MW)
2005: 6 blocks (150 MW)
2012: 6 blocks (150 MW)
turbine 2 × 100 MW
12 × 150 MW
2 × 300 MW
boiler 2 duo boilers for 100 MWel
12 for 150 MWel
2 for 300 MWel
Chimney height 160/200 m
Energy fed in per year (1989–2004) 17,000 GWh
(2008–2011) 13,800 GWh
(2012–2014) 3,600 GWh
f2

The Frimmersdorf power plant is a brown coal power plant in the city of Grevenbroich . In the meantime it was one of the largest lignite power plants in Germany and in the early 1970s the largest in the world. It is located directly at the Garzweiler opencast mine in the Rhenish lignite district and originally had 16 power plant blocks. The power plant site extends over a large area: the front of the power plant in the direction of Energiestraße (L375) is around 900 m long, the entire plant site is 1.5 km long and 450 m wide. Lined up next to one another (approx. 650 m), the two machine halls are among the longest in the world after the decommissioned Greifswald nuclear power plant . The number of cooling towers was originally 36; As a result, the Frimmersdorf power plant was easy to identify on aerial photographs.

After several shutdowns, two 300 MW units are currently still in German security readiness . The final shutdown of the two units is scheduled for October 1, 2021. The operator RWE considered keeping the Frimmersdorf location after the old units were closed for the construction of the successor to its BoAplus power plant series (lignite power plant with optimized plant technology). However, currently (March 2016) no power plant is mentioned in the debate about the subsequent use of the site.

history

Frimmersdorf I power plant

Memorial plaque for the first power station built in Frimmersdorf

The first lignite- fired power plant in Frimmersdorf was built in 1926 by Niederrheinische Braunkohlewerke AG in Rheydt with a capacity of 10 megawatts.

This power plant stood about 1 km southwest of today's power plant (II) on the west side of the Erft ( 51 ° 2 ′ 47.2 ″  N , 6 ° 34 ′ 5.1 ″  E ). The power plant was supplied with coal via a chain train from the neighboring Walter opencast mine (renamed the Heck pit in 1926 ), a forerunner of the Garzweiler opencast mine .

In 1936 the power station was taken over by Rheinisch-Westfälische Elektrizitätswerke AG in Essen. Various structural extensions resulted in an increase in output to 26 megawatts.

After being destroyed in the Second World War , the power plant could not go back online until the end of 1946. The mere restoration of the pre-war state was not enough, however, because the young Federal Republic demanded a lot of electricity. First a new upstream system with a high pressure steam boiler with 110 bar (500 ° C steam temperature) was built and connected upstream of the existing turbines with 14 bar (350 ° C steam temperature) via a new 30 MW turbine. This measure and the installation of a new natural draft wet cooling tower also made it possible to increase the efficiency of the system. In 1951, after further renovations, the final expansion of the power plant with 90 MW was completed.

From 1954 onwards, the significantly more powerful Frimmersdorf II power plant was built as the successor to Frimmersdorf I (see below). In return, Power Plant I was finally shut down in 1964 and largely demolished by the end of the 1960s. Only a few outbuildings and the electrical switchgear remained; they are still used today.

Frimmersdorf II power plant

Frimmersdorf power plant 1974
Frimmersdorf Power Plant, Blocks A – D
Frimmersdorf power plant, block A – K
Frimmersdorf power plant side view from the air
Frimmersdorf Power Plant, Block L – Q
Frimmersdorf power plant, side view, 300 MW block Q

On April 1, 1954, the construction of the two new 100 MW units began. The block construction corresponded to the latest state of the art. Boiler, turbine, generator and the flue gas duct together formed a unit, so each power plant block had its own flue gas cleaning system and its own chimney. On July 9, 1955, Block A and on August 26, Block B went online. In each block, the steam turbine was assigned 2 steam boilers with a steam output of 200 t / h each. But the economic upswing in the FRG required a far-reaching expansion of the power plant capacity. Together with the Weisweiler and then Fortuna power plants (later Nierderaußem power plant), Frimmersdorf was gradually expanded to initially 1,200 MW with the state-of-the-art block systems of 150 MW each. Units C and D began operation as early as 1957, each with only one steam boiler per steam turbine. 1959 followed E and F with the associated cooling towers 7-13 and 1960 the units G, H and J with the cooling towers 14-20 and a compressor house with water station.

However, the originally planned 1,200 MW were not sufficient and a further three 150 MW blocks (K, L and M) with 7 cooling towers were added by 1962. But the economic development also in the vicinity of the lignite power plants experienced further upswings, e.g. B. by the Erftwerk (light metal production) or the machine factory Buckau R. Wolf AG, which had moved from Magdeburg. By 1964, units N and O with cooling towers 28–31 followed, and the power plant now had 14 units with an output of 2,000 MW.

It now continued with innovative technology and a new dimension in power plant boiler construction. Initially planned as a pure monoblock system, Block P went online in 1966 with an output of 300 MW. For the first time in lignite, a tower boiler with a height of 108 meters and a steam output of 872 tons per hour with superheaters on top of each other was used, so that the flue gases no longer had to be routed across or U-shaped as before, but initially only thermally favorable upwards and downwards after cooling - a design that has been standard for lignite boilers ever since.

The Frimmersdorf power plant was already the largest thermal power plant in the world with 15 blocks and 2,300 MW from 1966, but an expansion was to take place. The original monoblock became a double block with an additional 300 MW based on a further optimized tower boiler, which should also serve as a model for blocks A and B of the Neurath power plant. At the time of commissioning, Block Q had the largest boiler in the world with an undivided combustion chamber with a steam output of 972 tons per hour. Compared to Block P, which was equipped with three enlarged fan cooling towers, which technically corresponded to the other 14 blocks, the new block was now operated with a 116-meter-high natural draft cooling tower, which also contributed to the very high efficiency of over 34% at the time like the use of a steam-driven turbo feed pump to reduce internal electrical consumption. Due to the optimized design, however, the boiler is not as high as its predecessor and therefore also cost-saving to manufacture.

In 1970, Frimmersdorf had finally reached its final stage with an output of 2,600 MW and 16 blocks, and it also broke its own record for the title of "largest thermal power plant in the world". But not only the output, but also the electrical efficiency of the power plant had steadily increased. While the 100 MW units were still working at 25 to 26%, the 150 MW units were already working at 30–32% and the 300 MW units at 33–34%. For comparison: The old Frimmersdorf I power plant only had an efficiency of around 20%.

In this configuration, the power plant was essentially unchanged for over 15 years. It was not until the 1980s that the ordinance on large combustion systems was supposed to change this. In 1988, therefore, all 150 and 300 megawatt units were given a flue gas desulphurisation system , while the two 100 megawatt units were shut down on June 30, 1988.

After a major fire in the central control room, electricity production at the power plant was severely restricted for around three months between July and October 2005

Due to a turbine damage at Block H, it was shut down in 2005 and from then on served as a "spare parts store" for the other 150 MW blocks. In addition, the three 150-megawatt units C, D and G were initially transferred to the cold reserve and finally shut down in November 2011. Units J and K were shut down in March 2012.

The shutdown of the remaining 150 megawatt units took place on New Year's Eve 2013 after the new units at the Neurath power plant went into operation. Since July 2014, seven of the 29 cooling towers that were built between 1955 and 1964 have been demolished due to their dilapidation.

After the planned demolition of the 100 and 150 MW blocks, the site was in the meantime intended for the construction of the first BoAplus successor (lignite power plant with optimized system technology with 100% dry lignite combustion), which set another world record with an efficiency of 47 to 48% should set up. The situation on the energy markets, however, leaves such investments open due to a lack of profitability; just like the planned investment in the BoAplus power plant (50% dry lignite, efficiency approx. 45%) at the Niederaussem location. With a size of 1,100 MW (1,050 MW net), the old 300 MW units at the Weisweiler and Frimmersdorf locations (approx. 1,200 MW) should be decommissioned after commissioning.

According to an agreement between the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy and the lignite-fired power plant operators RWE, Vattenfall and Mibrag, blocks P and Q have been transferred to a reserve, the so-called security standby, since October 1, 2017 . They are to be shut down in 2021.

The households in the Grevenbroich districts of Frimmersdorf, Gustorf and Gindorf (around 450 households in total) supplied with district heating by the power plant were connected to the district heating network of the Neurath power plant.

Fuel requirement

Location of the Frimmersdorf power station in the Rhenish lignite district

According to the operator RWE, between 2012 and 2014 an average of 4.4 million tons of lignite were burned and 3.6 billion kilowatt hours of electricity were generated; specific consumption: 1.222 kg / kWh.

Between 2008 and 2011, before all 150 MW units were shut down, the averaged annual values ​​were 17 million tons of lignite and 13.8 billion kilowatt hours of electricity; specific consumption: 1.232 kg / kWh.

Between 2004 and 2006 the values ​​were an annual average of 20.4 million tons of lignite. That translates to around 647 kilograms of lignite per second.

When the power plant was still in operation with 14 units from 1989 to 2004, an average of around 22 million tons of lignite were burned annually to generate around 17 billion kilowatt hours of electricity. This results in a specific consumption of 1.294 kg / kWh.

Chimneys

The 150 MW blocks diverted their flue gases through three 160 meter high chimneys, with four blocks sharing one chimney. The 300 MW block P ( Paula ) discharges its flue gases via a 200 meter high chimney and the 300 MW block Q ( source ) discharges its flue gases via the 116 meter high cooling tower. In the event of malfunctions in the flue gas desulfurization system, Block Q also discharges the flue gases via the 200 meter high chimney.

Block overview

Frimmersdorf power plant overview
Overview of the individual blocks as of December 31, 2012
block Gross (net) power in MW Installation status Voltage level (1) in kV Network operator (2) Switchgear (3)
A. 100 (90) 1955 out of service since 1988 - - -
B. 100 (90) 1955 out of service since 1988 - - -
C. 148 (127) 1957 out of service since 2005 (2011) - - -
D. 149 (128) 1957 out of service since 2005 (2011) - - -
E. 146 (130) 1959 out of service since 2013 220 Amprion Osterath
F. 150 (132) 1960 out of service since 2013 220 Amprion Osterath
G 148 (130) 1960 out of service since 2005 (2011) - - -
H 148 (130) 1961 out of service since 2005 - - -
J 143 (127) 1960 out of service since 2012 - - -
K 153 (133) 1962 out of service since 2012 - - -
L. 150 (131) 1962 out of service since 2013 110 Rhine-Ruhr distribution network Frimmersdorf
M. 152 (138) 1962 out of service since 2013 110 Rhine-Ruhr distribution network Frimmersdorf
N 153 (135) 1964 out of service since 2013 220 Amprion Gohrpunkt
O 150 (133) 1964 out of service since 2013 220 Amprion Rommerskirchen
P 315 (284) 1966 Since October 1, 2017 to October 1, 2021 in security readiness , then out of service 220 Amprion Norf
Q 308 (278) 1970 on standby from October 1, 2017 to October 1, 2021, then out of operation 220 Amprion Rommerskirchen
total 2,613 (2,316) from 1970 until 1988 - - -
(1)110 kV means feeding into the 110 kV high-voltage distribution network; 220 kV means feeding into the 220 kV extra-high voltage transmission network
(2) Network operator into whose distribution network (Rhine-Ruhr distribution network) or transmission network (Amprion) the respective power plant unit feeds
(3) Switchgear that connects the power plant block to the network operator's distribution or transmission network

Emission of pollutants and greenhouse gases

CO 2 emissions from the Frimmersdorf coal-fired power plant

Power plant Critics the high emissions of the power plant Frimmersdorf nitrogen oxides , sulfur oxides , mercury and particulate matter , to the cancer -generating substances ( lead , cadmium , nickel , PAK , dioxins and furans ) can adhere. A controversial study commissioned by Greenpeace at the University of Stuttgart in 2013 came to the result that the fine dusts emitted by the Frimmersdorf power plant in 2010 and the secondary fine dusts formed from sulfur dioxide , nitrogen oxide and NMVOC emissions from the power plant statistically led to 1,754 years of life lost and 37,182 lost working days per year. Greenpeace derived 164 premature deaths from this, without mentioning it in the study. The Frimmersdorf power plant therefore ranks 5th on the list of "Germany's most harmful coal-fired power plants".

In addition, stand in the face of climate change , the CO 2 emissions in the criticism. On the list of the most climate-damaging power plants in the EU published by WWF in May 2007 , the Frimmersdorf power plant ranked 5th in Europe and 3rd in Germany (1187 g CO 2 per kilowatt hour) after the Niederaussem and Jänschwalde power plants . In absolute figures, the Frimmersdorf power plant had the fifth highest carbon dioxide emissions in Europe in 2006, after the Bełchatów power plant (Poland), the Niederaussem , Jänschwalde (Germany) and the Drax power plant (England). Nevertheless, the operator RWE refused to shut down the old power plant in negotiations with the NRW state government, citing emissions trading.

The Frimmersdorf power plant reported the following emissions in the European PRTR pollutant register :

Emissions from the Frimmersdorf power plant according to PRTR
Air pollutant 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) 19,599,600,000 kg 18,599,300,000 kg 16,808,300,000 kg 14,400,000,000 kg 15,200,000,000 kg 9,040,000,000 kg 4,280,000,000 kg 4,450,000,000 kg 4,750,000,000 kg 4,350,000,000 kg
Nitrogen oxides ( NO x / NO 2 ) 13,135,200 kg 12,047,300 kg 10,458,600 kg 9,070,000 kg 9,730,000 kg 5,750,000 kg 2,780,000 kg 3,030,000 kg 3,000,000 kg 2,760,000 kg
Carbon monoxide ( CO ) 9,590,000 kg 8,390,000 kg 7,460,000 kg 6,240,000 kg 6,940,000 kg 4,090,000 kg 1,720,000 kg 1,670,000 kg 1,660,000 kg 1,740,000 kg
Sulfur dioxide (as SO x / SO 2 ) 10,485,400 kg 6,503,600 kg 5,276,700 kg 5,620,000 kg 4,860,000 kg 2,480,000 kg 1,210,000 kg 1,490,000 kg 1,140,000 kg 884,000 kg
Particulate matter ( PM10 ) 497,000 kg 332,000 kg 289,000 kg 257,000 kg 253,000 kg 175,000 kg 89,000 kg 70,600 kg 79,700 kg 85,400 kg
Inorganic Chlorine Compounds (as HCl ) 112,355 kg 126,033 kg 101,662 kg 86,900 kg 92,500 kg 54,500 kg 38,200 kg 12,400 kg 16,900 kg 15,500 kg
Inorganic fluorine compounds (as HF ) 9,130 ​​kg 7,590 kg 7,990 kg 6,820 kg 5,430 kg <5,000 kg <5,000 kg <5,000 kg <5,000 kg <5,000 kg
Mercury and compounds (as Hg ) 253 kg 221 kg 200 kg 153 kg 196 kg 119 kg 68.6 kg 79.1 kg 95.9 kg 64.1 kg
Arsenic and Compounds (as As ) 35.1 kg 68.2 kg 39.8 kg 35.7 kg 38.0 kg <20 kg <20 kg <20 kg <20 kg <20 kg

No other typical pollutant emissions were reported, as they are only required to be reported in the PRTR from an annual minimum amount, e.g. B. Dioxins and furans from 0.0001 kg, cadmium from 10 kg, arsenic from 20 kg, nickel from 50 kg, chromium and copper from 100 kg, lead from 200 kg, zinc from 200 kg, fluorine and inorganic fluorine compounds from 5,000 kg , Ammonia and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) from 10,000 kg, volatile organic compounds except methane (NMVOC) from 100,000 kg.

The European Environment Agency , the environment and health of the 28,000 largest industrial plants in Europe in 2011, the cost basis of the PRTR estimated reported emission data for 2009 with the scientific methods of the European Commission. According to this, the Frimmersdorf power plant causes the ninth highest damage costs of all European industrial plants.

Environmental and health damage
cause Damage costs unit proportion of
Frimmersdorf power plant 742-1051 Million Euros 0.6-0.7%
A total of 28,000 systems 102-169 billion euro 100%

See also

Web links

Commons : Kraftwerk Frimmersdorf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d RWE takes the Frimmersdorf power plant off the grid. In: rp-online.de. October 1, 2017, accessed October 1, 2017 .
  2. ^ A b Daniela Buschkamp: RWE plans with Frimmersdorf . In: NGZ-Online , January 16, 2012. Accessed November 9, 2015.
  3. ^ Wiljo Piel: Frimmersdorf: Regular operation ends 2017. In: Westdeutsche Zeitung. Retrieved March 16, 2016 .
  4. ↑ a b c d Grevenbroichs lignite power stations. ( Memento from August 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) In: StattBlatt. StattBlatt-Verlag. July 2014, p. 8. Retrieved August 19, 2014.
  5. ^ A b Peter Zenker: Lignite mining in Frimmersdorf . Self-published, Grevenbroich 2007 ( full text online as PDF ).
  6. ↑ Major fire paralyzes power plant . In: NGZ-Online , July 21, 2005. Accessed August 25, 2014.
  7. ↑ The refrigerator causes a major fire . In: NGZ-Online , July 26, 2005. Accessed August 25, 2014.
  8. ↑ Quelle and Paula go online . In: NGZ-Online , October 24, 2005. Accessed August 25, 2014.
  9. ↑ http://www.rwe.com/web/cms/mediablob/de/59784/data/59872/7/transparenz-offensive/kraftwerksausfaelle/betriebsinformationen/Kraftwerksdaten.pdf
  10. ↑ Deregistration from power plants ( Memento of the original dated December 8, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Press release from the EEX electricity exchange. Retrieved November 30, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.transparency.eex.com
  11. ↑ Deregistration from power plants ( Memento of the original from March 8, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Press release from the EEX electricity exchange. Retrieved March 1, 2012. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.transparency.eex.com
  12. ↑ RWE switches off six of twelve blocks . In: NGZ-Online , March 10, 2012. Accessed March 10, 2012.
  13. ↑ a b Roads are to be made from old cooling towers . In: NGZ-Online , August 22, 2014. Accessed August 25, 2014.
  14. ↑ Germany subsidizes the partial phase-out of lignite with 1.6 billion euros. In: iwr.de. October 26, 2015, accessed October 1, 2017 .
  15. ↑ Carsten Sommerfeld: District heating will soon be coming from Neurath. In: Neuß-Grevenbroicher Zeitung of January 18, 2016, p. C1 (Grevenbroich).
  16. ^ RWE (2008): Frimmersdorf power plant , online
  17. ↑ http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=20.4+Mt%2Fa+in+kg%2Fs
  18. ^ Federal Network Agency power plant list (nationwide; all network and substation levels) as of September 12, 2012. ( Microsoft Excel file, 1.6 MiB) Archived from the original on July 22, 2012 ; Retrieved October 10, 2012 .
  19. ↑ Fine dust sources and damage caused , Federal Environment Agency (Dessau)
  20. ↑ a b Greenpeace study on particulate matter: How dangerous is coal power actually? , Medscapemedizin, Retrieved May 19, 2014
  21. ↑ Assessment of Health Impacts of Coal Fired Power Stations in Germany - by Applying EcoSenseWeb (English, PDF 1.2 MB) Philipp Preis / Joachim Roos / Prof. Rainer Friedrich, Institute for Energy Economics and Rational Use of Energy, University of Stuttgart , March 28, 2013
  22. ↑ Death from the chimney - How coal-fired power plants ruin our health (PDF 3.3 MB) ( Memento of the original from April 23, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Greenpeace , Hamburg, 2013 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.greenpeace.de
  23. ↑ Greenpeace: The ten most unhealthy coal-fired power plants in Germany (PDF 129 kB)
  24. ^ Dirty Thirty Ranking of the most polluting power stations in Europe . WWF, May 2007 (PDF)
  25. ↑ http://www.wdr.de/radio/home/nachrichten/nachrichten.phtml
  26. ↑ PRTR - European Emissions Register
  27. ↑ PRTR regulation 166/2006 / EC (PDF) on the creation of a European pollutant release and transfer register and on the amendment of the Council Directives 91/689 / EEC and 96/61 / EC
  28. ↑ Cost-benefit analysis of air quality policy , Clean Air for Europe (CAFE) program, European Commission
  29. ↑ a b Revealing the costs of air pollution from industrial facilities in Europe , European Environment Agency , Copenhagen, 2011