Phoenix open pit mine
| Phoenix open pit mine | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
 |
|||
| other names | Open pit Phönix-Bünauroda, open pit Phönix-Falkenhain, open pit Phönix-Hemmendorf, open pit Phönix-Mumsdorf, open pit Phönix-Nord, open pit Phoenix-Ost | ||
| Mining technology | Open pit | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Start of operation | 1905 | ||
| End of operation | 1968 | ||
| Successor use | Renaturation u. a. to the Prößdorfer See , Rusendorfer See | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Brown coal | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 4 '3.9 " N , 12 ° 17' 31.9" E | ||
|
|||
| local community | Meuselwitz , Lucka , Elsteraue | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Altenburger Land, Altenburger Land, Burgenlandkreis | ||
| country | Free State of Thuringia | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Central German lignite district | ||
Six opencast mines north of Meuselwitz in Altenburger Land are known as the Phoenix open pit mine . It is about the opencast mines
- Phönix-Mumsdorf (1905–1929),
- Phönix-Bünauroda (Heureka) (1920-1924),
- Phoenix-Falkenhain (1928–1942),
- Phönix-Hemmendorf (1939–1948),
- Phönix-Ost (1948–1963) and
- Phoenix North (1962–1968).
They were used to extract lignite and were located in the Meuselwitz-Altenburger lignite district , which is part of the Central German lignite district. After the shutdown, u. a. the Rusendorfer and the Prößdorfer See on part of the area.
Geographical location
The opencast mines were north and northeast of Meuselwitz . Until 1952 the border ran through the area between the Thuringian Altenburger Land and the Prussian Province of Saxony or the State of Saxony-Anhalt . After the districts were formed in 1952, most of the open-cast mining areas belonged to the Leipzig district ( Altenburg district ) and smaller parts in the west to the Halle district ( Zeitz district ). As a result, the state border between Thuringia ( Altenburger Land district ) and Saxony-Anhalt ( Burgenland district ) has run through the area since 1990 . In terms of landscape, the area is assigned to the Altenburg-Zeitz loess hill country.
The former Phoenix opencast mines were mostly located in the area of the cities of Meuselwitz and Lucka and their districts, which are now part of the Thuringian district of Altenburger Land . The part in Saxony-Anhalt belongs to the Elsteraue community ( Langendorf ).
history
After sporadic discoveries since the 17th century, a controlled set down mid-19th century mining of lignite one. Most of the underground pits were located south and east of Meuselwitz. North of Meuselwitz there were the "Heureka" mines near Schnauderhainichen (1901 to 1924) and two mines near Zipsendorf . At the beginning of the 20th century, two briquette factories opened north of Meuselwitz . These were the "Heureka" briquette factory in Bünauroda (1900 to 1910) and the Mumsdorf briquette factory, which produced between 1912 and 2000.
The first opencast mines north of Meuselwitz were the “Fürst Bismarck” (1905 to 1911) in the then Prussian Rusendorf and the “Phönix-Mumsdorf” opencast mine, which was also opened in 1905, to the east of the Mumsdorf enclave belonging to the Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg , which was in operation until 1926 . In the second decade of the 20th century, the “Heureka” (1910 to 1924) and “Fürst Bismarck II” (1911 to 1940) opencast mines near Rusendorf were opened to the south-east of the Phönix-Mumsdorf opencast mine. Between 1920 and 1924 the open pit "Phönix-Bünauroda (Heureka)" west of Bünauroda was in operation. At the beginning of the 1920s, the briquette factory in Mumsdorf had grown into one of the largest in the German Empire. Between 1919 and 1923 it had a workforce of 2200 and produced 2200 tons of briquette every day . As a result of the “Phönix” plant, the “Phönix Colony”, today's Phönix Strasse, was created in Mumsdorf between 1907 and 1909.
The place Rusendorf between Mumsdorf in the west, Bünauroda in the east and Falkenhain in the north, was one of the places that suffered the most from lignite mining around 1920. Since there was a mighty lignite seam below the place at a shallow depth , the “Heureka-Phönix” pit had acquired the northern part of the place in 1904 and the “Fürst Bismarck” pit acquired the southern part of the place in 1900/1906. This resulted in open-cast mines in the west of Rusendorf (Phönix-Mumsdorf open-cast mine) and south of the village (Fürst Bismarck I and II open-cast mines, Heureka open-cast mines). As a result, the connection route to Mumsdorf disappeared between 1906 and 1924 through the opencast mine of the same name. In 1912, the Fürst Bismarck mine cut its way to Meuselwitz in the south. This was followed in 1922 by the route to Brossen in the southwest and Bünauroda in Thuringia in the east. After the connection to Falkenhain, located to the north, was cut in 1924, Rusendorf, located on the Thuringian-Prussian border, could only be reached via detours. In 1927, at the same time as the first residents were evacuated, the place was demolished. By resolution of the Prussian State Ministry, the rural community of Rusendorf in the Zeitz district was incorporated into the Falkenhain rural community with effect from October 1, 1932 . Shortly afterwards, all 150 residents of the place were resettled.
The open pit "Phönix-Falkenhain" opened in 1928 destroyed the corridor of Rusendorf, which was the first place in the region to give way to lignite mining. By 1942, the opencast mine devastated the area south and east of Falkenhain. It was followed by the “Phönix- Hemmendorf ” opencast mine (1939 to 1948) in the north between Prößdorf and Lucka . Due to the territorial reform in the GDR in 1952, most of the area between Mumsdorf and Bünauroda was now in the Altenburg district ( Leipzig district ).
To the east of Bünauroda and the Meuselwitz-Lucka road, the “Phönix-Ost” open-cast mine was in operation between 1940 and 1963. The " Tagebau Ruppersdorf " (Marie III; between 1944 and 1957) joined him in the east . In 1959 and 1960, 110 residents of Schnauderhainichen had to be resettled because part of the town fell victim to the Phoenix-Ost open-cast mine. The overburden from the open pit was dumped directly in the open pit. After the carbonization, overburden from the “Phönix-Nord” open pit mine, which was opened in 1962, was also dumped. This was the last opencast mine in the Meuselwitz-Altenburger Revier and was located northwest of Falkenhain. Since Prößdorf and most of the Falkenhain location would have belonged to its original mining area, the locations were declared a mining protection area in the 1950s . That is, it was no longer allowed to build in the towns. As a result of the state decision to retract and shut down the Phönix-Nord opencast mine in 1968, both locations were spared from being over-dredged.
| Place (today's affiliation) | Name of the open pit | Operating time |
|---|---|---|
| Mumsdorf (district of Meuselwitz) | Phoenix-Mumsdorf | 1905-1929 |
| Falkenhain (district of Meuselwitz) | Phoenix (Falkenhain No. 138) | 1928-1942 |
| Phoenix North | 1962-1968 | |
| Rusendorf (devastated hallway belongs to Meuselwitz) | Prince Bismarck I | 1905-1911 |
| Prince Bismarck II (Rusendorf No. 238) | 1911-1940 | |
| Bünauroda (district of Meuselwitz) | Phoenix-Bünauroda (Heureka) | 1920-1924 |
| Phönix-Ost (Falkenhain No. 137) | 1940-1963 | |
| Schnauderhainichen (district of Meuselwitz) | Eureka | 1910-1924 |
| Lucka | Hemmendorf | 1938-1952 |
| Hemmendorf (district of Groitzsch ) | Phoenix Hemmendorf | 1939-1948 |
After the cessation of lignite mining in the area, numerous smaller and larger lakes emerged as post-mining landscapes . The largest are the Rusendorfer See , in which the former location of Rusendorf is located, and the Prößdorfer See east of Prößdorf. The remaining hole of the Phoenix-Ost opencast mine was u. a. filled with overburden from the "Phönix-Nord" and Groitzscher Dreieck opencast mines .
Devastated localities
| places | Year of relocation / devastation | Residents | Open pit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rusendorf | 1927-1933 | 150 | Phoenix Falcon Grove |
| Schnauderhainichen (partial demolition) | 1959-1960 | 110 | Phoenix East |
Web links
- Description of the Meuselwitz-Altenburger lignite district in a PDF document from the LMBV
- The open pit Phönix-Nord on www.schnaudertal.de
Individual evidence
- ^ History of Mumsdorf on www.schnaudertal.de
- ↑ Meßtischblatt 2875, Saxon No. 57: Meuselwitz, 1928; Table sheet from 1928 with the location of Rusendorf
- ^ Rusendorf on www.schnaudertal.de
- ^ Website of Prößdorf
- ↑ Falkenhain on www.schnaudertal.de
- ↑ The Rusendorfer See on www.schnaudertal.de
- ↑ The Prößdorfer See on www.schnaudertal.de
- ^ Document on the recultivation of the Phoenix-Ost opencast mine