Haselbach opencast mine
| Haselbach opencast mine | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
| Mining technology | Open pit | ||
| Overburden | 357 million tons | ||
| Funding / total | 126 million tons | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Start of operation | 1955 | ||
| End of operation | 1977 | ||
| Successor use | Replenishment to Haselbacher See | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Brown coal / clay | ||
| Degradation of | volume | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 4 '51.7 " N , 12 ° 23' 46.5" E | ||
|
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| local community | Haselbach , Meuselwitz (district Wintersdorf ), Regis-Breitingen | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Altenburger Land, Altenburger Land, Leipzig | ||
| country | Free State of Thuringia | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Central German lignite district | ||
The Haselbach opencast mine was an opencast mine for the extraction of lignite in the northern Altenburger Land or in the southern area of Leipzig. It was in operation between 1955 and 1977. With him, a large part of the chamber forest disappeared from the map. The Haselbach opencast mine was located in the south of the Borna mining district and north of the Meuselwitz-Altenburg brown coal mining region , both of which belong to the Central German brown coal mining region .
Geographical location
The Haselbach opencast mine was 30 kilometers south of Leipzig between Lucka in the west and Regis-Breitingen in the east. The eponymous place Haselbach was in the southeast. The state border between Saxony and Thuringia has been running through the area since 1990 . In the east the area of the opencast mine was bordered by the Leipzig – Hof railway line . The flooded opencast mine is now called " Haselbacher See ". In the south is the remaining part of the chamber forest .
history
The Adelheid underground mine and the Adelheid I and II opencast mines
In Haselbach, which lies between the Bornaer Revier in the north and the Meuselwitz-Altenburger Revier in the south, the mining of brown coal initially failed in the 19th century. In 1909, however, the small underground pit 141 was opened up and the “Briquette Factory Adelheid” was built by the “Duchess Adelheid” coal recovery company. However, due to water ingress, civil engineering had to be given up again in 1911. As a result, the two opencast mines Adelheid I west of Haselbach and Adelheid II east of the place were opened. In 1927, the dumping of overburden from the Regis opencast mine north of Regis-Breitingen began in the Adelheid II opencast mine, which was running out . From this the Adelheid briquette factory received the necessary raw coal.
The Haselbach opencast mine
In the Borna-Leipziger and Meuselwitz-Altenburg lignite mining districts, several smaller opencast mines were about to be burned out in the early 1950s. These were u. a. the opencast mines Zechau (1931–1959), Zipsendorf-West (1938–1952) and the underground mines in Untermolbitz (until 1958) and Eugen-Schacht in Großröda (until 1959). In addition, in the Ruppersdorf opencast mine (1944–1957) north of Wintersdorf , which was needed to stabilize the production capacity in the districts after the Blumroda opencast mine was flooded in 1954 to stabilize the production capacity in the districts, production in 1957 should end as planned. In order to ensure the continuous supply of the briquette factories, u. a. In Zechau , Kriebitzsch , Haselbach, Rositz and Zipsendorf , as well as a large number of other refining plants in the mining area with coal, a quick breakdown of a subsequent mine was necessary. This took place in 1955. Its mining area, which was designed for a period of 30 years, was west of the Leipzig – Hof railway line between Deutzen and Großhermsdorf in the north and Haselbach and the Kammerforst in the south. In the west, the mining area of the Haselbach opencast mine, named after the town of Haselbach, extended as far as the Ramsdorf and Wildenhain settlements.
As a rule, three years elapse between the first exploration and coal production. Since the decision to open the Haselbach opencast mine in 1954 was made two years later than necessary, the exploration that took place in 1955 was accompanied by serious initial difficulties. Among other things, there were problems with the necessary exploration and the delayed drainage of the mining field, the social care and accommodation of the miners as well as the provision of equipment and material, especially for the construction of the train operation. Since the mining field was in the middle of the forest, extensive clearing was initially required, which the responsible forest company was overwhelmed with. This delayed the connection to the coal railway network, which is necessary for the start of production . The first workforce of the open pit was u. a. from the miners of the expiring opencast mine Ruppersdorf , the closed opencast mine Einheit bei Zeitz and the flooded opencast mine Blumroda .
In 1954, field drainage was started in the Haselbach opencast mine. Since, for reasons of cost, only outdated technology was available for draining off highly water-bearing layers of alluvial sand, the sinking was done with great difficulty. After the overburden excavator 367 Es 425 had been moved from the Ruppersdorf opencast mine to Haselbach in February 1955, it removed the overburden not far from the thousand-year-old “lamb oak” from June 1, 1955. Since the Haselbach opencast mine was initially lacking a spreader, the outcropping was deposited in the disused opencast mines Marie I (Waltersdorf) (1908–1935) as a rinsing dump and Marie III (Ruppersdorf) (1944–1957) as an outer dump. In 1956 the Haselbach opencast mine received an As 560 spreader from the Witznitz opencast mine , which ended the flushing into the Marie I opencast mine . The excavator 512 D 650 was brought from Ruppersdorf to Haselbach with great difficulty in 1956 for the second cut of the Haselbach opencast mine. Since the creation of an aisle through the Kammerforst was not justifiable in terms of time and economy, the route through the flood-prone valley of the Schnauder between Wildenhain and the Kammerforst had to be chosen. Due to heavy rain in the summer of 1955, the transport had to be interrupted several times. Until inward tipping began in the Haselbach opencast mine in 1960, the overburden was moved to outer tipping. From 1956, the remaining Ruppersdorf spoil and Haselbacher material were tipped in the Ruppersdorf opencast mine. The spreader from the Marie II opencast mine (Wintersdorf) was used for this. Since at this point in time it was not possible to tipping the inside of the Haselbach opencast mine, the excess soil mass led to an above-ground dump, the " Ruppersdorf dump ". The Marie I opencast mine was completely backfilled except for a small remaining hole.
Two years after the first overburden dredging, the first coal train left the Haselbach opencast mine in November 1957. The mining took place with the crawler excavator 167 R 200. It was planned for 30 years. Between 1955 and 1965 the opencast mine turned counterclockwise around the pivot not far from the “lamb oak” to the north. Internal tipping has been carried out in charred sections of the open pit since 1960.
After the pivot point was moved to the north, between 1966 and 1970 the coal of the "north field" could be extracted. The mine continued to turn counterclockwise. Since the Schleenhain open-cast mine area, which had already been dismantled in 1954 , was reached in 1970 , the pivot point was relocated. The "west field" was also dismantled counterclockwise towards the south, with parts of the former Ramsdorf underground mine being dredged over. The coal from the Haselbach opencast mine and the neighboring Schleenhain opencast mine was supplied to the briquette factories and power plants in the Borna and Meuselwitz-Altenburger districts. In August 1977, a landslide on the inner dump led to an accident at the spreader 1037 As 1120. Since continued operation would have become uneconomical due to the high repair costs, the Haselbach opencast mine was abruptly shut down on August 18, 1977. Funding was never resumed. The Haselbach briquette factory, on the other hand, was in operation until 1990.
Recultivation of the Haselbach opencast mine
Since overburden had been dumped in charred areas of the opencast mine since 1960, these areas could be made usable again at an early stage. During the operating period, various tree cultures were planted on around 400 hectares of the inner dump areas, from which a dense mixed forest emerged as a post-mining landscape . Due to the damage to the spreader from the slipping of the inner dump, coal extraction and inner dumping in the Haselbach opencast mine ended abruptly in 1977. Since a resumption of production was impossible due to the high repair costs of the skip, work began on the design of the remaining hole. According to the plans of the Leipzig District Council at the time , a body of water no more than 16 meters deep was to be created.
When coal mining was discontinued in 1977, there were initially three separate remaining holes in the Haselbach opencast mine area. Of the remaining holes Haselbach I-III, the remaining hole Haselbach III was the largest, in which the Haselbacher See emerged after a partial tilting . The remaining hole II south of Heuersdorf was completely filled with overburden. The soil mass required for this was obtained from overburden from the Schleenhain opencast mines (since the early 1980s) and Groitzscher Dreieck (from mid-1982). The completion of this work, which was planned for 1989, was delayed due to the economic and political changes associated with German reunification in 1989/90. Since it led to a drastic decrease in the demand for lignite in a short period of time, less coal was mined, which means that less overburden was available. Thus the final theses were not finished until 1995. The remaining hole was largely filled with a 40-meter-thick layer of overburden, giving it a flat and even shape. It is 7.4 meters deep on average.
The remaining hole I served as a landfill for coal pulp, ash, feed residues, household waste and construction rubble until the Haselbach briquette factory was closed. However, there was a lack of suitable material for the recultivation and backfilling, which was planned from 1991, so that a lake is now to be created from the area. To the north of the dismantled daytime facilities, there was a remaining hole about one hectare in size, in which a lake with a depth of 32.7 meters has formed. The embankments were secured with overburden from the United Schleenhain opencast mine until 1995 .
Production capacity of the opencast mine
In the Haselbach opencast mine (total duration between 1955 and 1977) 357 million cubic meters of overburden were mined in 22 years and 126 million tons of coal in 20 years. The clay extracted from 1964 to 1975 for the ceramic industry was collected on an 80 hectare dump in the opencast mining area west of Haselbach and mined to the present day. The Haselbach opencast mine was originally designed to run for 30 years. It took up an area of 10.9 km². The coal seams of the Haselbach opencast mine were seam II (Borna main seam), which was mostly separated by an upper and lower bank, and seam I (Saxon-Thuringian lower seam).
Devastated localities
In contrast to the neighboring opencast mines, the Haselbach opencast mine did not destroy any settlements or houses. However, large parts of the forest have been cleared since the beginning of coal mining. Due to the development of the mining industry, the Schnauder was relocated to a section of one kilometer after 1972. A section of the ditch also received a new bed.
Web links
- Description of the Haselbach opencast mine in a PDF document from the LMBV
- The Haselbach opencast mine on www.schnaudertal.de
- The Haselbach opencast mine in figures at www.schnaudertal.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ History of the Haselbach Briquette Factory ( Memento of the original from June 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
