Goitzsche opencast mine
| Goitzsche opencast mine | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
| other names | Goitzsche redevelopment area | ||
| Mining technology | Opencast mining on 62.00 km² | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Start of operation | 1949 | ||
| End of operation | 1991 | ||
| Successor use | Replenishment to the Great Goitzschesee , Neuhäuser See , Paupitzscher See , Seelhausener See , Holzweißiger See , Ludwigsee | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Brown coal / amber / bog oak | ||
| Degradation of | Amber | ||
| Degradation of | Bog oak | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 37 '34.7 " N , 12 ° 21' 49.5" E | ||
|
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| local community | Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Muldestausee, Delitzsch, Löbnitz | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Anhalt-Bitterfeld, North Saxony | ||
| country | State of Saxony-Anhalt | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Central German lignite district | ||
The Goitzsche open-cast mine was an open-cast mine in the Bitterfeld mining district for the extraction of lignite, southeast of Bitterfeld and north of Delitzsch .
Geographical location
The Goitzsche is located in the lower Mulde area in the center of the Bitterfeld lignite mining area. It surrounds the city of Bitterfeld from the northeast to the southwest. About two-thirds of the former Goitzsche opencast mine with its numerous construction fields and current open-cast mine holes is spread over the state of Saxony-Anhalt ( district of Anhalt-Bitterfeld ) and one third in the Free State of Saxony ( district of northern Saxony ).
In the catchment area of the Goitzsche there are three large natural spatial subdivisions. To the northeast, the area borders on the Dübener and Dahlener Heide , to the south on the Leipzig lowland bay and in the north-west on the Köthen loess plain .
In the northern part of the former open-cast mine, after the renaturation, the Große Goitzschesee was created , which consists of the partial lakes Mühlbeck (Bernsteinsee), Niemeck, Döbern and Bärenhof. In the south, on the border between Saxony-Anhalt and Saxony, the Seelhausener See in the southeast and the Paupitzscher , Neuhäuser , Holzweißiger and Ludwigsee in the southwest.
history
prehistory
The name of the Goitzsche opencast mine is derived from the alluvial forest originally located here. The first brown coal was found in the area around Bitterfeld at the end of the 17th century (1680). With the opening of the 6-hectare Auguste Pit (today's Gänsesee) in 1837, the first mining activities began in the southwest of the Goitzsche, near the towns of Petersroda and Holzweißig . Further mining followed the lignite seam from west to east. The first buyers of the high-quality fuel were local cloth mills, dye works, sugar factories, distilleries, small businesses, brickworks and house fires. Benefiting from the opening of today's Magdeburg – Leipzig and Trebnitz – Bitterfeld – Leipzig railway lines, the sales market for lignite expanded to include Halle and Leipzig . The increased demand for electrical energy and fossil fuels in the 19th and 20th centuries and the settlement of the chemical industry led to the opening of the first large open-cast mine Leopold near Holzweißig in 1908 . In 1922 the Ludwig mine near Paupitzsch was opened up, but it was closed again in 1928 for economic reasons. The Pistor mine near Petersroda was opened in 1939 to supply the chemical plants in Bitterfeld and Wolfen. It was called Freedom I from 1948 to 1954 .
Origin and operation of the Goitzsche opencast mine
In 1948/49, large-scale mining of lignite began with the opening of the Goitzsche mine. As early as 1952, the first coal train left the Goitzsche from the new exploration. The neighboring Leopold mine was continued under the name Holzweißig-Ost from 1945 and operated until 1962. In 1958 the Holzweißig-West opencast mine was opened .
In order to enable the lignite to be extracted, the 14 km long Lober-Leine Canal was built between 1949 and 1951, which absorbs the water from the two brooks Lober and Leine and discharges it directly into the hollow. Due to the expansion of the opencast mine, the course of the river Mulde was relocated over a length of 11 km in 1975 and laid through the charred opencast mine Muldenstein (1954–1975) from 1976 . The Muldestausee was created by the flooding . This was the largest hydraulic engineering project in Germany in the 1970s.
During the operating time of the Goitzsche opencast mine with its numerous construction fields, approx. 3800 inhabitants of the Paupitzsch, Niemegk, Döbern, Seelhausen and parts of Petershausen and Sausedlitz were relocated. This was followed by the devastation and dredging of these places.
In 1980 the Holzweißig-West opencast mine was closed. In 1985, the Rösa opencast mine began to be exposed . This was planned to run until 2038 and would have led to another relocation of the hollow, the relocation of the trunk road between Pouch and Schwemsal and the demolition of six other locations. However, the change in the demand for fossil solid fuels after reunification resulted in an immediate end to lignite mining. In 1991 the Goitzsche opencast mine was therefore closed. In the following years, all pits around Bitterfeld were closed.
Recultivation of the Goitzsche opencast mine
After the closure in 1991, the renovation of the Goitzsche began by the Lausitzer und Mitteldeutsche Bergbau-Verwaltungsgesellschaft (LMBV). The renovation measures, which lasted from 1991 to 1998, concerned the stability of the embankments, the dismantling of the large open-cast mining equipment and rail vehicles, the dismantling of the track systems and pipelines, the removal of contaminated materials and hydraulic engineering measures. During this time, approx. 56 million m³ of overburden was moved over an area of approx. 830 ha, which on the one hand was greened and converted into forestry use (500 ha) and on the other hand provided with an intermediate greening (300 ha). In order to ensure geotechnical safety, a water lift of 366 m³ was necessary.
As a further recultivation measure for the post-mining landscape , the former Holzweißig-West opencast mine was flooded from 1993 to 2005. This created u. a. the Paupitzscher and Neuhäuser See on the Saxon side, as well as the Holzweißiger and Ludwigsee on the Saxony-Anhalt side.
The Rösa open-cast mine was filled from the hollow from the end of July 2000 via a pipeline until it was destroyed by the Mulde floods in 2002 . Since this event it has been fed by the Lober-Leine Canal. The flooding work was completed in 2005. Another use as a local recreation area is being planned for the newly created Seelhausen Lake .
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The former Goitzsche opencast mine has been flooded with external water from the hollow since May 1999. The planned end of the flooding in 2006 was also achieved by the Mulde floods in 2002. The Great Goitzschesee has been approved for water sports since 2005 .
Production capacity of the opencast mine
In the 80 years of mining activity, the three opencast mines reached an area of approx. 62 km², of which the Goitzsche opencast mine alone took up 36 km². During this time, a total of 1.275 billion m³ of raw brown coal was extracted and 498.7 million t of overburden moved. In order to be able to extract the 10–12 m thick Bitterfeld coal seam, a layer of 30 to 40 m overburden had to be removed beforehand.
In addition to coal mining, amber was also extracted in the Goitzsche . Small finds of amber-like resin have been documented again and again since 1848. It was not until 1933 that the new finds were scientifically examined for the first time. In 1955, the Bitterfeld amber deposit in the Goitzsche opencast mine was uncovered, and detailed storage and geological exploration began in 1975. The subsequent extraction of the material was primarily aimed at the jewelry industry. With up to 50 tons of amber mined per year and a total output (1975 to 1990) of more than 400 tons, the Goitzsche was the largest open-cast amber mine in Germany after the Second World War.
During the removal of the upper layers of the overburden, 4,000–6,000 year old bog oak trunks were found, some of which show traces of human work and suggest that tools were made from the wood.
Resettled localities
| Resettlement sites | Residents | Dismantling year |
|---|---|---|
| Döbern | 506 | 1982 |
| Niemegk | 2000 | 1978 |
| Paupitzsch with Gut Neuhaus | 600 | 1976 |
| Petersroda (part of the village) | ||
| Sausedlitz (part of the village) | 450 | 1989-92 |
| Seelhausen | 156 | 1987 |
| Zöckeritz | 1956 |
literature
- Chronicle of lignite mining in the Bitterfeld district (part 1)
Web links
- History of the Goitzsche
- Goitzsche opencast mine on www.devastiert.de
- Private information pages about the Goitzsche
Individual evidence
- ↑ Mitteldeutsches Braunkohlenrevier 01 Holzweißig / Goitzsche / Rösa ( Memento of the original from May 18, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. LMBV brochure from the series “Changes and Perspectives”, June 2009, p. 16, on: lmbv.de (PDF, German, 9.26 MB)
- ↑ Muldenstein opencast mine at www.devastiert.de ( Memento of the original from September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
