Altenburger Land district
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Coordinates: 50 ° 58 ' N , 12 ° 24' E |
| Basic data | |
| State : | Thuringia |
| Administrative headquarters : | Altenburg |
| Area : | 569.41 km 2 |
| Residents: | 89,393 (Dec 31, 2019) |
| Population density : | 157 inhabitants per km 2 |
| License plate : | ABG, SLN |
| Circle key : | 16 0 77 |
| NUTS : | DEG0M |
| Circle structure: | 30 parishes |
| Address of the district administration: |
Lindenaustraße 9 04600 Altenburg |
| Website : | |
| District Administrator : | Uwe Melzer ( CDU ) |
| Location of the Altenburger Land district in Thuringia | |
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The Altenburger Land district is a district in Thuringia , a federal state of the Federal Republic of Germany . It is named after the landscape of the same name around the city of Altenburg . The only neighboring Thuringian district is the district of Greiz in the west, in the north-west is the Saxony-Anhalt Burgenland district , and from north to south, clockwise, the Saxon districts of Leipzig , Central Saxony and Zwickau . In terms of spatial planning , the district belongs to the Eastern Thuringia planning region and is a member of the Eastern Thuringia planning community .
geography
The Altenburger Land is located in the far east of Thuringia. It is largely agricultural, so the agricultural area is almost three quarters of the total area. The forest area, on the other hand, is only about 10%, especially in the southern part of the district there are only a few forests. This is due to the high fertility of the soil with a layer of loess that is up to 3.5 meters thick, only in the northern part around Meuselwitz and Kriebitzsch has it been removed due to lignite mining. From the south-west to the north-east, the Sprotte river crosses parts of Altenburger Land, which then flows into the Pleiße , which runs from south to north, at Selleris . This in turn flows into the White Elster in Leipzig , into which the north flowing Schnauder at Audigast also flows, so the district belongs to the catchment area of the Elbe. In the eastern Altenburger Land there is a watershed , so that the Wiera flowing through the east of the district only flows into the Pleiße near Lobstädt in the Leipzig district. In terms of natural space, the Altenburger Land is mainly assigned to the Altenburg-Zeitz Loess Hills, which, as a field hills , is part of the Leipzig Lowland Bay. Only the southwestern municipalities of Thonhausen , Vollmershain , Heukewalde , Jonaswalde and Posterstein are included in the Ronneburg arable and mining area and thus form the low mountain range. The slightly hilly Osterland forms the northernmost foothills of the Ore Mountains and slopes gently down to the plains of southeastern Saxony-Anhalt. The highest natural elevation is near Nischwitz with 352 meters, the lowest with 150 meters near Haselbach .
history
The region on the Pleiße River was part of the large forest that was settled by Slavs in 531 after the fall of the Thuringian Empire . This is how the Pleißengau came into being, which was incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation by Heinrich I in the 10th century . The Altenburg Castle , located high above the city on a porphyry rock, already existed in the 10th century and was founded around 1100 as an imperial palace. In the following centuries the region was farmed by German settlers. Since 1111 it belonged to the newly founded Landgraviate of Thuringia . With the death of the childless Ludowinger Heinrich Raspe IV in 1247, the Thuringian-Hessian War of Succession broke out . His nephew Heinrich the Illustrious was able to assert himself as Margrave of Meißen in 1264 and he gained a large part of Thuringia with Altenburg. The German-Roman King Albrecht I from the House of Habsburg tried to win the Mark Meissen as a fiefdom, but was defeated in the Battle of Lucka in 1307, so the Wettins finally secured their sphere of influence. In 1329, when the Altenburg burgraves died out, the Pleißenland around Altenburg was finally integrated into the margraviate of Meissen . Most of the forest was felled in the 14th century and today's landscape was created. Then the area fell to the Electors of Saxony and later to the Dukes of Saxony.
In 1445 Altenburg was divided , because the two brothers Friedrich II and Wilhelm III. quarreled because their uncle Friedrich IV died earlier . Elector Friedrich II received the eastern area also included Altenburg, Duke Wilhelm III. felt, however, disadvantaged and so it came from 1446 to 1451 to the Saxon fratricidal war , as a result of the Naumburg peace was concluded, which confirmed the division. Another consequence was the Altenburg prince robbery , with the knight Kunz von Kauffungen robbing the two sons of Elector Friedrich the Meek from Altenburg Castle. In 1485, in the Leipzig division, these two decided the final division of the Wettin lands into two parts, with the southern half and Altenburg going to Ernst . At the end of the Schmalkaldic War in 1547, the Ernestine line lost its electoral dignity and the area began to be divided up through inheritance divisions.
From 1603 to 1672 the Altenburger Land was under the old Princely House of Saxony-Altenburg. After that it belonged to the Duchy of Saxony-Gotha-Altenburg until 1825 . After this line became extinct, Friedrich III. von Sachsen-Hildburghausen in the partition contract of Hildburghausen 1826 the Duchy of Sachsen-Altenburg . The second Altenburg dynasty under the dukes of Saxony-Altenburg ruled the area until 1918, when the duke abdicated , the duchy became a free state. The district of Altenburger Land in its current form formed roughly the eastern district of the Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg, which consisted of two spatially separated territorial units and which became part of the newly formed state of Thuringia in 1920. After a comprehensive regional reform in Thuringia in 1922, the Altenburg district was formed. Some communities around Ronneburg were transferred to the new district of Gera .
The Altenburger Land is today an intensively agricultural region and therefore very poorly forested. Between the wide corridors there are small villages along streams that are mostly fed by the surface water of the surrounding corridors. Apart from the cities of Altenburg and Schmölln, mostly farming villages dominate, often with no more than 100 inhabitants, each dominated by 1–3 large estates and often by small village churches , as well as smaller “handicrafts” - houses that were formerly used by craftsmen or Servants of the manors in the place were inhabited. The stately manors indicate the early intensive agriculture in Altenburger Land. Fertile soils and the legal prohibition on dividing property in the Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg encouraged the growth of small farms into large, regionally typical four-sided farms with often villa-like houses. Even today, the non-division continues as an unwritten requirement in order to prevent the fragmentation of areas and small corridors that is common in southern Germany, for example. Field sizes of over 20 hectares are therefore normal, property areas of larger goods up to 70 hectares are common. Lignite mining, which began in 1867, is also characteristic for the northern region of Altenburger Land. Associated with this was industrialization and the increased population density.
In 1952 was in GDR this circle by administrative reform in two smaller circles - the circle Altenburg and the District Schmölln divided -. These became part of the Leipzig district . In the course of the dissolution of the GDR districts and the reestablishment of the federal states in 1990 , the Altenburg district was not assigned to the Free State of Saxony but to the Free State of Thuringia by a decision of the district council, contrary to the results of a referendum with a majority of 53.81% . 82% of the residents of the Schmölln district were in favor of Thuringia.
Four years later, were as a result of the district reform in Thuringia joined the circle and the circle Altenburg Schmölln again today Altenburger Land, who until August 10, from 1 July 1994 the district Altenburg said. Another name option was Osterlandkreis , but a decision was made against it, as the Skatstadt Altenburg is better known than the name of the landscape. Belonging to Thuringia is still controversial, a New Year's speech by District Administrator Sieghardt Rydzewski sparked a new debate in 2011 about a possible move to the Free State of Saxony. Due to the distance to the capital Erfurt, a feeling of neglect by state politics is widespread, especially in the city of Altenburg, while Schmölln is considered "Thuringian-friendly".
Population development
Development of the population:
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- Data source: from 1994 Thuringian State Office for Statistics - values from December 31st
politics
District Administrator
Uwe Melzer (CDU) has been the district administrator since July 1, 2018 , and won the runoff election on April 29, 2018 with 68.8% of the votes against incumbent Michaele Sojka (Die Linke). Sojka had been in office since 2012; on May 6, 2012, with a voter turnout of 34.2% and a majority of 50.2%, she won the runoff election against then incumbent Sieghardt Rydzewski (non-party). He was elected as a district administrator in 2000 and was a member of the SPD at the time , after his re-election in 2006 he resigned from the party. From 1994 to 2000 Christian Gumprecht , a CDU politician and former district administrator of the Altenburg district, was the incumbent.
District council
The 46 seats in the district council have been distributed among the individual parties as follows since the local elections on May 26, 2019 :
| Political party | Seats | |
| CDU | 13 (–2) | |
| AfD | 10 (+10) | |
| THE LEFT | 7 (-5) | |
| SPD | 7 (-3) | |
| THE REGIONAL | 5 (± 0) | |
| FDP | 2 (± 0) | |
| GREEN | 2 (± 0) |
coat of arms
Blazon : “Quartered. Field 1: in silver a red rose with a golden clasp and green sepals; Field 2: in blue an upright lion, divided by gold over silver; Field 3: divided nine times by black and gold and covered with a green diamond wreath; Field 4: in silver a red acorn with a green calyx. "
- The red rose stands for the Burggrafschaft Altenburg and is also part of the city arms of the city of Altenburg.
- The gold and silver lion stands for the Pleißenland ; this is supposed to remind of the golden crowned lion on a black background, which is the coat of arms of the Reussians (the governors of Weida and Gera); these had a great influence on the Schmöllner region in the 14th and 15th centuries.
- The field with black and gold stripes with the diamond wreath represents the Wettins (Margraves of Meißen).
- The red acorn symbolizes the game of Skat, which was invented in Altenburg in 1813.
The individual coats of arms of the cities and communities in the district can be found in the list of coats of arms in the Altenburger Land district .
Partnerships
- Enzkreis (since 1991)
- Hickory (North Carolina) (USA, since 1997)
Communities
For the district, Altenburg is designated as a middle center with partial function of an upper center. Schmölln / Gößnitz (functionally divided) is designated as a further middle center .
The basic center Meuselwitz / Lucka is also divided into functions .
(Residents on December 31, 2019)
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community-free municipalities
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Administrative communities with their member communities
* Seat of the administrative community
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For the terms "administrative community" and "fulfilling community" see administrative community and fulfilling community (Thuringia) .
Territorial changes
Communities
- Dissolution of the Großstöbnitz community - incorporation into Schmölln (January 1, 1996)
- Dissolution of the municipality of Lehma - incorporation into Wintersdorf (January 1, 1996)
- Dissolution of the municipalities of Lehndorf , Mockern , Podelwitz , Taupadel and Zehma - amalgamation to Saara (January 1, 1996)
- Dissolution of the Kosma community - incorporation into Altenburg (December 31, 1996)
- Dissolution of the Wintersdorf community - incorporation into Meuselwitz (December 1, 2007)
- Dissolution of the communities of Naundorf and Tegkwitz - incorporation into Starkenberg (December 1, 2008)
- Outsourcing of the districts Lehma and Trebanz from the city of Meuselwitz to Treben (December 30, 2008)
- Dissolution of the community Großröda - incorporation into Starkenberg (January 1, 2012)
- Dissolution of the municipality of Saara - incorporation after Nobitz (December 31, 2012)
- Dissolution of the communities Frohnsdorf , Jückelberg and Ziegelheim - integration after Nobitz (July 6, 2018)
- Dissolution of the communities Altkirchen , Jungs , Lumpzig , Nöbdenitz and Wildenbörten - incorporation into Schmölln (January 1, 2019)
Administrative communities and fulfilling communities
- Dissolution of the administrative communities Löbichau-Wildenbörten and Thonhausen - formation of the administrative community Oberes Sprottental from the member communities (October 12, 1994)
- Dissolution of the Oberes Pleißental administrative community - the town of Gößnitz becomes a fulfilling municipality for Heyersdorf and Ponitz (April 21, 1995)
- Dissolution of the Saara administrative community - reorganization of the Saara community from the member communities (January 1, 1996)
- Dissolution of the administrative community of Wieratal - incorporation of the communities Frohnsdorf , Jückelberg and Ziegelheim into Nobitz ; Nobitz becomes fulfilling community for Göpfersdorf and Langenleuba-Niederhain (July 6, 2018)
- Dissolution of the administrative community Altenburger Land - incorporation of the communities Altkirchen , Jungs and Lumpzig to Schmölln ; Schmölln becomes a fulfilling community for Dobitschen ; Expansion of the administrative community Rositz to include the communities of Göhren , Göllnitz , Mehna and Starkenberg (January 1, 2019)
- Outsourcing of the communities of Nöbdenitz and Wildenbörten from the administrative community of Oberes Sprottental (January 1, 2019)
Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
Streets
The Altenburger Land is accessed from the A 4 in the south via the junctions (60) Ronneburg and (61) Schmölln . On this one reaches Chemnitz and Dresden in an easterly direction and Erfurt and Frankfurt in a westerly direction .
Via the B 180 you can also reach the A 4 in the south-east and the Saxon junction (65) Hohenstein-Ernstthal . In a north-west direction, the B 180 leads via Zeitz in Saxony-Anhalt to the junctions (20) Weißenfels and (21a) Naumburg of the A 9 . The B 93 crosses the Altenburger Land from the north of Borna (connection to the B 95 in the direction of Leipzig ) coming south in the direction of Zwickau . This also leads to the A4 at junction (62) Meerane .
From south-west ( Gera ) to north-east Rochlitz the B 7 crosses the district. You can use this to get to the junction (23) of the A 72 . On this one reaches Chemnitz in the south-east .
All 3 federal highways 7, 93 and 180 will be brought together at the Altenburg bypass .
In the very east of the district near Langenleuba-Niederhain, the B 95 touches the Altenburger Land for a few hundred meters. In the neighboring district of Leipzig , this has already been downgraded to State Road 51 since the A 72 leads to Borna.
train
The Leipzig – Hof railway line crosses the district from north to south. The lines S 5 and S 5X of the S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland run on this .
| line | Train run | Cycle (min.) |
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| S 5 | Halle (Saale) Hbf - Leipzig / Halle Airport - L. Messe - Leipzig Hbf (deep) - L. Markt - L. Wilhelm-Leuschner-Platz - L. Bayerischer Bf - L. MDR - L.-Connewitz - Markkleeberg Nord - Markkleeberg - Böhlen (near Leipzig) - Böhlen Werke - Neukieritzsch - Deutzen - Regis-Breitingen - Treben-Lehma - Altenburg - Lehndorf (Kr Altenburg) - Gößnitz - Ponitz - Crimmitschau - Schweinsburg-Culten - Werdau North - Werdau - Steinpleis - Lichtentanne ( Sachs) - Zwickau (Sachs) Hbf |
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| S 5X | Halle (Saale) Hbf - Leipzig / Halle Airport - L. Messe - Leipzig Hbf (deep) - L. Markt - L. Wilhelm-Leuschner-Platz - L. Bayerischer Bf - L. MDR - L.-Connewitz - Markkleeberg Nord - Markkleeberg - Böhlen (b Leipzig) - Altenburg - Gößnitz - Crimmitschau - Werdau - Zwickau (Sachs) Hbf |
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At Gößnitz station , this line meets the East-West connection between Central and Germany . Regional express trains operated by Deutsche Bahn to Göttingen and Glauchau and regional trains operated by the Erzgebirgsbahn to Glauchau run on this .
Are now shut down the railway line Altenburg Langenleuba-Oberhain , the railway Meuselwitz-Ronneburg and the railway Gaschwitz-Meuselwitz . On the Zeitz – Altenburg railway line, there is only freight traffic.
Long-distance trains do not currently run on the Altenburger Land railway lines. The ICE in the direction of Berlin , Frankfurt, Munich and Dresden can only be reached by changing at the Leipzig Hbf and Erfurt Hbf .
flight
Leipzig-Altenburg Airport is located at the Leinawald . This was previously used for military purposes and at times also for scheduled flights to Barcelona-Girona and London-Stansted . There is currently no scheduled air traffic.
There is also the Göpfersdorf airfield in the far south-east of the district.
The Leipzig-Halle Airport is located about 60 km north of Altenburg and is very good in less than an hour on the S 5X reach.
Protected areas
There are seven designated nature reserves in the district (as of January 2017).
water
The rivers Pleiße , Sprotte and Wiera that run through the district are not navigable.
wheel
The Altenburg- Colditz cycle path is signposted in the east of the district . The Thuringian City Chain Cycle Route leads west in the Sprottetal to Ronneburg and on to Eisenach . The Pleißeradweg leads from north to south through the Altenburger Land along the eponymous river.
education
In the district of Altenburger Land there are 21 primary schools, one of which is the free integrative primary school in Ehrenberg . There are also 13 regular schools and 5 grammar schools, one each in Schmölln and Meuselwitz. The other three are located in Altenburg, namely the Friedrichgymnasium , the Lerchenberggymnasium and the free Christian Spalatin-Gymnasium . There are also two vocational schools ( State Vocational School for Business and Technology and State Vocational School for Economics and Social Affairs ) and an adult education center, as well as three regional support centers with different support priorities. The Altenburger Land music school in Schmölln and Altenburg has several branches.
There are four universities and four technical colleges within a radius of 50 kilometers.
Healthcare
Klinikum Altenburger Land GmbH, with around 800 employees and almost 600 beds, provides 18,000 inpatients and 26,000 outpatients annually, mainly in Altenburg, but also in Schmölln (internal medicine). The clinic is the academic teaching hospital of the Jena University Hospital and the University of Leipzig . The supra-regional stroke center is a cooperation partner for several hospitals, including in Saxony. There is also an intestinal center . The managing director of the clinic, Gundula Werner, has been elected chairwoman of the State Hospital Society of Thuringia. According to the Free State's hospital plan, Schmölln should be closed. Private clinic groups with clinics in the area (Borna or Gera) opened medical care centers in Altenburg.
Furthermore, the clinic for psychiatry, psychotherapy and psychosomatics of the Evangelical Lukas Foundation can be found in Altenburg with around 100 beds.
In the district, surgery is noticeably frequent for some indications, as a study by the Bertelsmann Foundation revealed.
Federal Garden Show 2007
The official accompanying program of the Altenburger Land district to the Federal Horticultural Show 2007 was called Resurrection Aurora . The exhibition area includes the Löbichau winding tower of the former Drosen shaft near Löbichau with an avenue of lime trees for pedestrians and cyclists to the renovated Beerwalde dump , which can be walked to the top of the hill.
License Plate
On July 1, 1994, the district was assigned the vehicle distinguishing signs ABG (Altenburg) and SLN (Schmölln). From February 1, 1995, only the abbreviation ABG was official. Since November 24, 2012, the distinctive sign SLN has been available again.
literature
- Ernst Kirste: Regional studies of the Altenburg and Schmölln districts of the Leipzig district. Altenburg 1956
- Edgar Lehmann et al. a. (Ed.): The Altenburger Land. Results of the local history inventory in the area of Altenburg and Regis-Breitingen . 3rd, unchanged edition 1977, Akademie-Verlag Berlin, 245 pages, volume 23 of the series " Values of our homeland "
- Hans Joachim Kessler / Reinhard Mende (photos): Altenburger Land: Forays along the Blue Flood, the Pleiße, Sprotte, Schnauder and Wiera , DZA Verlag für Kultur und Wissenschaft, 1996, ISBN 3-9804823-2-4 .
- J. and G. Löbe: History of the churches and schools of the Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg with special consideration of the local history. Altenburg 1886, reprint Neustadt an der Aisch 2000, ISBN 3-89557-156-3
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics ( help on this ).
- ^ Thuringian State Office for Environment and Geology
- ^ The Altenburger Land wants to go to Saxony. In: Sächsische.de , January 27, 2011.
- ↑ Thomas Mehlhorn, Jana Borath: The second attempt to Altenburger countries change. In: Ostthüringer Zeitung , February 4, 2011.
- ^ Hanno Müller: How the Altenburger Land came to Thuringia after reunification. In: Thüringer Allgemeine , August 17, 2010.
- ↑ Election of the district administrators and mayors of the independent cities 2018 - final result: District 077 Altenburger Land. State Returning Officer Thuringia, accessed on July 1, 2018 .
- ↑ Election of the district administrators and mayors of the independent cities 2012 - final result: District 077 Altenburger Land. State Returning Officer Thuringia, accessed on July 1, 2018 .
- ↑ District election in Altenburger Land 2019 In: wahlen.thueringen.de .
- ^ Regional plan East Thuringia of October 28, 2011 , accessed on October 16, 2016
- ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics ( help on this ).
- ↑ Evaluation of the health fact check
Cities : Eisenach | Erfurt | Gera | Jena | Suhl | Weimar
Districts : Altenburger Land | Eichsfeld | Gotha | Greiz | Hildburghausen | Ilm district | Kyffhäuserkreis | Nordhausen | Saale-Holzland district | Saale-Orla district | Saalfeld-Rudolstadt | Schmalkalden-Meiningen | Sömmerda | Sonneberg | Unstrut-Hainich Circle | Wartburg district | Weimar Country