Heuersdorf
Heuersdorf was a village in the Leipzig lowland bay . The area of the village has belonged to the city of Regis-Breitingen since 2004 . After long, but ultimately futile, resistance from the residents, Heuersdorf and the Großhermsdorf , which had belonged to it since 1935, were relocated and devastated to make way for the United Schleenhain open-cast lignite mine . The last residents left Heuersdorf in summer 2009.
history
The Romanesque Emmaus Church , which originally dates back to the 13th century and is one of the oldest churches in Saxony , was an outstanding architectural monument of the place . It was first mentioned in a document in 1297 and, until it was moved to Borna in 2007, it was also the municipality's oldest structural witness. This first mention is also the beginning of the documented history of Heuersdorf. As a place itself, Heuersdorf is first mentioned in 1487 as Heynnersdorff . The structure of the village is that of a closed dead end village . It was a rich farming village. In 1525 eight farmers took part in the Peasants' War. They were then fined. In 1542 the Reformation was introduced in Heuersdorf . In 1548 Heuersdorf was an administrative village in the Borna district . Heavy looting took place during the Thirty Years' War and the residents had to take care of passing soldiers. In 1792 and 1853 there were major fires in Heuersdorf with considerable damage.
The district of Großhermsdorf, which has grown together with Heuersdorf, was first mentioned in 1378 as Gros Hermannsdorff (also Hermansdorf magnum ). The settlers recruited by Wiprecht von Groitzsch built the place as a lane and square village with a knight's seat. A church was built in Großhermsdorf before 1480. In 1525 the residents of Großhermsdorf rose up against harsh labor conditions. School lessons were held for the first time by the church servant in 1545 . Großhermsdorf was also part of the Electoral Saxon or Royal Saxon Office of Borna, but until 1856 it was under the jurisdiction of the local manor .
In 1875 Heuersdorf and Großhermsdorf belonged to the Borna district administration in the Kingdom of Saxony of the German Empire . A gymnastics club was founded in both places in 1897. In 1900 Heuersdorf had 226 inhabitants and Großhermsdorf 222. Numerous coal mines were opened around 1900 in the vicinity of Heuersdorf. Lignite plants with briquetting plants were built in the neighboring towns of Breunsdorf, Deutzen and Ramsdorf . In 1933, Heuersdorf and Großhermsdorf together had 498 inhabitants. On April 1, 1935, Großhermsdorf was incorporated into Heuersdorf and the name of the community was set to Heuersdorf.
When the land reform was carried out in the Soviet occupation zone in 1945 , the former Großhermsdorf manor , a state property and an estate belonging to the Deutsche Erdöl-Aktiengesellschaft were expropriated. The manor house of the manor was converted into a school, which existed in Heuersdorf until 1966.
In 1949 the Schleenhain opencast mine south of Heuersdorf was opened. Although a few miners lived in the village , Heuersdorf was still dominated by farmers after the Second World War, as it had been before the First World War . In 1951 a third of the population was new citizens. In 1958 and 1960 Heuersdorfer Landwirtschaft was converted into three different LPGs , which merged in 1969 to form LPG Type III "Frohe Zukunft". In 1976 the Heuersdorfer LPG joined the LPG "German-Soviet Friendship" Großstolpen .
In 1990 there were 347 people living in Heuersdorf. In 1992 Horst Bruchmann became mayor, who campaigned for the preservation of the community. The promise made by the Saxon state government in 1993 that Heuersdorf would be retained and that the opencast mine would bypass the site was withdrawn a year later as part of the planning for the continuation of the Schleenhain opencast mine and the construction of the Lippendorf lignite power station . A cabinet decision of the Saxon state government in March 1994 determined the resettlement of the community and the development of "Neu-Heuersdorf".
With the Heuersdorf Act , the dissolution of the community and its incorporation into Regis-Breitingen on January 1, 1999 was determined. This decision was overturned by a decision of the Constitutional Court of the Free State of Saxony with effect from October 1, 2000. Only after further proceedings did the final incorporation into Regis-Breitingen take place on October 1, 2004.
Nature and vegetation
The Heuersdorf ecosystem with its meadow area surrounding the village, the fruit trees and old polluted willows and the village pond is part of the fragment and nature reserve of the Borna Pleißenland , which has almost completely disappeared due to lignite opencast mining in the 20th century.
Cultural monuments
In Heuersdorf there were more than 40 buildings and building ensembles with monument status. These included the Taborkirche, the Großhermsdorfer manor complex with a manor house from the second half of the 19th century and several three-sided courtyards with a residential house, stables and outbuildings in Heuersdorf and Großhermsdorf, which were mostly built in the first half of the 19th century and in their original structural condition mostly testified to the rural culture of the Borna area. The Emmaus Church , which was moved to Borna in October 2007, is also a listed building. On November 23, 2008 the last service took place in the Taborkirche, which was demolished in June 2010. The graves in the adjacent cemetery had previously been reburied.
Lignite mining
1949 to 1990
Due to the brown coal located under the village , the demolition of the place was determined in the course of the opening of the Schleenhain open-cast mine . With the preliminary planning and development of the Schleenhain opencast mine in 1949, Heuersdorf was placed under mining protection. This large open-cast mine was designed in 1949 to run for 70 years. Since then, the demolition of Heuersdorf had to be expected in the long term, which also meant that maintenance measures on the building fabric and infrastructure were only approved by the state according to the minimum principle. Nevertheless, in 1965 houses were built for resettled residents of the neighboring village Schleenhain in Heuersdorf.
As early as 1972, the municipal council was increasingly referred to the Mining Protection Act, because after the prospect of a temporary abandonment of this long-term project around 1965 within the framework of expected oil deliveries from the USSR to expand the GDR's petrochemicals , which also provided for a reduction in total lignite production in the GDR , the devastation of Heuersdorf was firmly planned until the dissolution of the GDR.
The “Chronicle of Schleenhain” from 1967 indirectly describes the villages to be devastated in the mining field of the Schleenhain opencast mine: “Apart from the three villages Schleenhain, Breunsdorf and Heuersdorf, there are no major natural or artificial obstacles.” The place Droßdorf , der was also included in the breakdown of the Schleenhain opencast mine in 1981, but was not initially intended for open-cast mining due to its peripheral location on federal road 176 , is also one of the devastated locations of the Schleenhain open-cast mine.
After 1990
With the partial decline of the East German lignite industry in 1990/91, the residents of Heuersdorf hoped that the place would be preserved due to the massive loss of importance of lignite in coal chemistry and due to the closure of numerous opencast mines in the Borna district . With the decision to build a new lignite power station at the Lippendorf site , a lignite plan for West Saxony was drawn up in 1994 by the state government of the Free State of Saxony , which provides for the power station to be supplied with local lignite from the area for 40 years. The district of Heuersdorf was defined as a mining area in the Schleenhain subfield of the United Schleenhain opencast mine, which consists of three subfields (Peres, Groitzscher Dreieck and Schleenhain) .
After a ten years lasting dispute over the preservation of the community Heuer village with the Central German brown coal company , the community was on 1 October 2004 municipal law in the city of Wyke Regis incorporated. On November 25, 2005, the municipality lost the legal proceedings before the Saxon Constitutional Court that it had brought against the so-called “Heuersdorf Law”, which regulates the demolition. The court ruled whether the “Heuersdorf Law” passed by the Saxon state parliament is in conformity with the constitution, and confirmed this. When pronouncing the verdict, the presiding judge emphasized that it had not assessed “whether political reason prevailed here”.
The lignite reserves under the village are estimated at 52 million tons, which corresponds to a service life of the Lippendorf power plant of just over four years. The demolition of the village began in May 2006. In autumn 2007 the Emmauskirche was transported to the neighboring town of Borna . The last residents moved out of Heuersdorf in 2009, and the village had been completely demolished by 2010.
Relocation sites in Heuersdorf
The locals did not want to accept a common resettlement site, as it was successfully practiced in the Central German district in the cases of Schwerzau and Großgrimma after 1990 and planned for Heuersdorf in 1994.
The resettlement sites are spread over several places in the near and far vicinity of Heuersdorf, especially in the city of Regis-Breitingen , where the residential area "Am Wäldchen" was built, as well as its districts of Hagenest and Ramsdorf and the city of Frohburg . Other residents moved to the communities of Neukieritzsch and Deutzen as well as the Böhlener district of Gaulis in what was then the district of Leipziger Land (now the district of Leipzig ).
See also
literature
- Heuersdorf. History and farewell to a central German village. Pro Leipzig Verlag, Leipzig 2009, ISBN 978-3-936508-36-9
- Richard Steche : Heuersdorf. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 15. Issue: Amtshauptmannschaft Borna . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1891, p. 62.
Web links
- Heuersdorf in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- Großhermsdorf in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- Heuersdorf.de
- Picture collection for Heuersdorf
- Heuersdorf and Großhermsdorf report
- Implementation of the Heuersdorf Church in Borna in October 2007 (photo gallery on Flickr)
- Heuersdorf, erasure of a village , text and image documentation
Individual evidence
- ^ Karlheinz Blaschke , Uwe Ulrich Jäschke : Kursächsischer Ämteratlas. Leipzig 2009, ISBN 978-3-937386-14-0 ; P. 62 f.
- ^ Joachim Güntner: Requiem for Heuersdorf. Overexploitation and expropriation - the end of a village in the Saxon lignite area. Neue Zürcher Zeitung , No. 193, 22./23. August 2009, p. 40.
- ^ Judgment of the Constitutional Court of Saxony of July 14, 2000, Vf. 40-VIII-98
Coordinates: 51 ° 7 ' N , 12 ° 24' E
Breitingen | Hagenest | Ramsdorf | Regis | Wildenhain
devastated districts: Großhermsdorf | Heuersdorf