Taler for the award of the Order of the Garter and for the St. Georgen Festival

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Taler for the award of the Order of the Garter and for the St. Georgen Festival, from the Dresden Mint . (Kuranttaler from 1678, diameter 49 mm, 23.36 g)

The crowns on the award of the Order of the Garter and the St. George Festival , also known as crowns on the award of the Order of the Garter and the Garter Taler called, is a commemorative coin of the Saxon Elector Johann Georg II. (1656-1680) with the years 1671 and 1678. The The front shows St. George killing the dragon , the reverse a French inscription . The thaler from 1671 was minted as the Speciesreichstaler and that from 1678 as the Kuranttaler . The front and back images are identical despite different coin feet . The Kuranttaler is recognizable by its significantly lower weight, but is sometimes named without a distinction.

Coin-historical connections

The award ceremony

The giant hall in the Dresden Residenzschloss ; Ceremony for the award of the Order of the Garter, here to Johann Georg IV. In 1693 (Johann Georg IV. Is the grandson of Johann Georg II.)

In 1669, the English ambassadors Sir Thomas Higgon and Thomas St. George came to Dresden and, in the name of their king, brought the " Order of the Blue Garter " and "covered" the Saxon Elector Johann Georg II on April 13, 1669, publicly and solemnly . Afterwards, according to Tentzel , the elector had himself copied in the " order - habit ".

The introduction of the order and the St. George's Festival

The thaler ( Schautaler ) with the Roman year MDCLXXI (1671) was Johann Georg II. In honor of him by King Charles II. Of England in 1669 awarded the Garter shape. On the occasion of the solemn inauguration of the order of Johann George II in Windsor Castle in May 1671, at which he was represented by an emissary from the Electorate of Saxony, the Elector held a parallel ceremony for the Georgsfest on April 26, 1671 in Dresden in the presence of the English envoy Sir William Swan , as representative of Charles II. At this event and at the inauguration of the restored Hartenfels Castle in Torgau in May 1671, the thaler was distributed among the guests present.

The picture-matched Schautaler with the year MDCLXXVIII (1678) was minted at the Georgsfest held with great splendor on April 23, 1678, in which the English envoy Sir William Swan again took part.

Because the coins from 1671 and 1678 do not differ in the coin image on the front and back, they are mostly to be found under the designation “Taler for the award of the Order of the Garter and for the St. George Festival”.

That repeated Georgsfest

On April 20, 1678, the “Royal English Ambassador Wilhelm von Schwan, arriving from Hamburg , was excellently brought up to Dreßden and”, according to Tentzel, “celebrated the feast of St. George on April 23 with the greatest splendor and magnificence; where our Chur prince appeared in the order's habit of the blue trousers ribbon. ”The festival took place in the“ royal-clad giant hall ”of the royal palace and ended on May 4th, after“ the envoy to Moritzburg , Stolpen , Königstein and Sonnenstein ”and“ was dispatched to Hamburg with a gift ”. "Who wanted to doubt," said Tentzel about the taler from 1678, "that the Prince of Chur on this occasion renewed the medal marked with S. Georgen and Französischer Schrifft [...] and only changed the year [to] 1678 ? "

Memorial coins were sometimes referred to as medals at that time. The renewed "medal" is the Kuranttaler pictured above. The denomination of the taler as a medal is still partly present.

The "Festival of St. George" on April 23, 1678 in Dresden is also known as the repeated Garter Festival.

Coin description

The thaler for the award of the Order of the Garter and for the St. Georgen Festival exists both as a Speciesreichstaler from 1671 and as a Kuranttaler from 1678.

The commemorative thaler, which was coined as a Speciesreichstaler, was issued to the value of 28  groschen with a rough weight of 29.23 g. The Kuranttaler, on the other hand, is only worth 24 groschen. According to the Zinna coin agreement , the Saxon Kuranttaler is actually an invoice coin that does not exist as an actual coin, but is intended to simplify accounting. The coin pictured above, the Kuranttaler, weighs 23.32 g. The coins of both years have a diameter of 49 mm and correspond to a so-called width thaler . The thaler minted according to the Reichsmünzfuß is rarer than the Kuranttaler.

The gold version of 1671 mentioned by Wilhelm Ernst Tentzel is not present in Walther Haupt's Saxon Minting and other works.

The silver thalers from 1671 and 1678 were minted in the Dresden mint without a mint master's mark . The sporadically operating mint in Leipzig is eliminated. It was closed from 1670 to 1692.

Note: According to the Treaty of Zinna, the Reichstaler in the increased value of 28 groschen was called Speciesreichstaler or Reichstaler in specie. The Kuranttaler or Taler courant with a value of 24 groschen was the main unit of the currency and an invoice term. Nevertheless, it was pronounced as a commemorative coin or shooting bonus in some cases. Although it is recognizable as a Kurant thaler by its weight, it is sometimes not differentiated from the Speciesreich thaler. For example in the Standard Catalog of German Coins , which u. a. refers to Davenport , both Reichstaler (1671) and Kuranttaler (1678) are incorrectly recorded as medals and without distinction.

front

The obverse shows the knight St. George on a horse in armor , killing the dragon with a lance .

  • Inscription in French: EN HONNEUR DU TRES NOBLE ORDRE DE LA JA (right) TIERE (continued on the reverse)

back

A nine-line inscription within a laurel wreath , continuing the inscription: DU TRÉ (s) HAUT TRÉ (s) PUISSANT ET TRES EXCELLENT PRINCE CHARLES II PAR LA GRACE DE DIEUX ROI DE LA GRANDE BRETAG (ne) FRAN (ce) ET IRLANDE DEFENSEUR DE LA FOY MDXLXXI (MDCLXXVIII).

  • Translation (obverse and reverse): In honor of the overlord of the noble order of the Garter, the very highest, most powerful and most excellent Prince Charles II, by the grace of God, King of Great Britain , France and Ireland , defender of the faith 1671 (1678).

Note: Charles II of the House of Stuart was King of England , Scotland and Ireland . His coronation took place after the reestablishment of the royal dignity on May 29, 1660. (See also Cromwelltaler from the short time of the English republic .) The title " King of France " on the back of the Schautaler is based on the claim of King Edward III. attributed to the French throne by England . Edward III. founded the Order of the Garter in 1348 with the aim of unifying the nobility .

See also

literature

  • Walther Haupt: Saxon coinage . German Science Publishers, Berlin 1974.
  • Julius Erbstein , Albert Erbstein : Discussions in the field of the Saxon coin and medal history when listing the Hofrath Engelhardt's collection . Self-published by the author, Dresden 1888.
  • Otto F. Müller: Otto Merseburger collection including coins and medals from Saxony, sales catalog , Leipzig 1894 (Reprint Transpress Verlag, Berlin 1983).
  • Wilhelm Ernst Tentzel : Saxonia Numismatica or medal cabinet of commemorative coins and pennies which the Chur and princes of the Albertine line minted and had manufactured , Dresden, Frankfurt, Gotha 1714. 2nd book, 3rd part (Reprint Transpress Verlag, Berlin 1981 ).
  • Wilhelm Ernst Tentzel: Saxonia Numismatica or medal cabinet of commemorative coins and pennies which the Chur and princes of the Albertine line minted and had manufactured , Dresden, Frankfurt, Gotha 1714. 3rd book (Reprint Transpress Verlag, Berlin 1981), Tab. 57, V, p. 571 (from 1671) and Tab. 61, I, p. 598 (from 1678).
  • Heinz Fengler, Gerd Gierow, Willy Unger: Transpress Lexicon Numismatics. Transpress Verlag, Berlin 1976.
  • Helmut Kahnt: The large lexicon of coins from A to Z. H. Gietl Verlag, Regenstauf 2005, ISBN 3-924861-84-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Friedrich von Schrötter (ed.), With N. Bauer, K. Regling, A. Suhle, R. Vasmer, J. Wilcke: Dictionary der Münzkunde , de Gruyter, Berlin 1970 (reprint of the original edition from 1930), p. 276 : Garter coin, but here referred to as a medal and ignored the difference.
  2. ↑ acsearch: The thaler is coined as a Reichstaler (Kuranttaler see article picture above).
  3. ^ Institute for the Preservation of Monuments Dresden: The Dresden Castle , 1990.
  4. ^ Elias Ashmole: The Institution, Laws and Ceremonies of the Most Noble Order of the Garter. J. Macock, London 1672, p. 425.
  5. Jump up ↑ Peter J. Begent, Hubert Chesshyre, DHB Chesshyre, Lisa Jefferson: The most noble Order of the Garter. 650 years. Spink, 1999, p. 199.
  6. ^ H. Watanabe-O'Kelly: Court Culture in Dresden. Springer, 2002, ISBN 0230514499 , pp. 140 ff.
  7. ^ Mary E. Frandsen: Crossing Confessional Boundaries. Oxford University Press, 2006, ISBN 019534636X , p. 59.
  8. ↑ a b Christian Horn: The listed state. On the theatricality of courtly representation under Elector Johann Georg II of Saxony. Francke A. Verlag, 2004, ISBN 3772080537 , p. 123.
  9. ^ Wilhelm Ernst Tentzel: Saxonia Numismatica ... , 2nd book (1714), p. 569.
  10. ^ A b H. Watanabe-O'Kelly: Court Culture in Dresden. Springer, 2002, ISBN 0230514499 , p. 143.
  11. ^ Julius Erbstein, Albert Erbstein: Discussions in the field of the Saxon coin and medal history (1888), p. 229.
  12. ↑ Julius Erbstein, Albert Erbstein: Discussions in the field of the Saxon coin and medal history (1888), p. 232.
  13. ^ Wilhelm Ernst Tentzel: Saxonia Numismatica ... , 2nd book (1714), pp. 596/598.
  14. ↑ Otto F. Müller: Otto Merseburger Collection ... , (1894), p. 51.
  15. ↑ Heinz Fengler, ...: transpress-Lexikon Numismatics ..., p. 308.
  16. ^ Paul Arnold: Walther Haupt and his "Saxon Coin Studies" . In: Numismatical Hefts , Dresden No. 20, 1986, p. 55.
  17. ^ Paul Arnold: The Saxon Thaler Currency from 1500 to 1763 , Swiss Numismatic Rundschau , Volume 59, 1980, p. 83.
  18. ^ N. Douglas Nicol, Colin R. Bruce: Standard Catalog of German Coins. 1601 to Present. Krause Publications, Iola (Wisconsin) 1998, ISBN 0873416449 , Dav. # 7633, p. 767.
  19. ↑ Walther Haupt: Sächsische Münzkunde (1974), p. 266.
  20. ^ William Arthur Shaw: The Knights of England. Volume 1, Sherratt and Hughes, London 1906, pp. I.
  21. ^ Journal of History . Volume 56, Metropol Verlag, Berlin 2008, p. 704.
  22. ^ Hugh EL Collins: The Order of the Garter, 1348-1461. Chivalry and Politics in Late Medieval England. Clarendon Press, Oxford 2000, ISBN 0198208170 , p. 6 ff.