Coal slap
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Pine Bear Moss ( Huperzia selago ) in Upper Austria |
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| Huperzia selago | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) Bernh. ex closet & mart. |
The pine-bear moss ( Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. Ex cabinet & Mart. , Syn .: Lycopodium selago L. ), also called devil's claw or fir-devil's claw , is a plant species in the family of the barlachaceae .
features
The shoots of the perennial plant are between 5 and 30 centimeters long, forked and erect. The branches are needled in a spiral, from which the common name of the pine bear moss is derived. The sporangia are not united to form spore ears, but stand here individually in the axils of bracts in the middle of the annual shoots; the shoots can still grow unhindered. After that, the branch can usually continue to grow.
The spore ripening period lasts from July to December.
The chromosome number of the species is 2n = 264.
- confusion
The pine bear moss can be confused with Lycopodium species, which, however, have a creeping main shoot.
ecology
The pine bear moss is an evergreen chamaephyte . It forms a VA mycorrhiza ; the pre-germ and young stages of the spore plant live parasitically on the root fungus (mykoheterotrophy), which belongs to the genus Glomus . The pre-germ, the prothallium, parasitizes on the fungal hyphae underground for years and only becomes sexually mature after 10–12 years. The spores are spread out by the wind as grain fliers, they are united in tetrads.
Vegetative reproduction occurs through the abundant brood buds that are formed at the shoot ends , which adhere to animals or can jump off up to 1 m when touched, as well as through the formation of daughter shoots on older or damaged shoots.
Occurrence
The pine bear moss is circumpolar. It occurs in Europe, Asia (scattered here), North America and also in the tropical high mountains and in the southern hemisphere in South Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand as well as on the Falkland Islands and Tristan da Cunha . In Europe, its distribution area extends from Norway to the Pyrenees and northern Spain, the Apennines and the Balkan Peninsula, further east it is rarely found. The pine-bear moss penetrates the Arctic in the north, even as far as the north coast of Greenland and Svalbard.
In Austria , the Tannenbärlapp occurs absent-mindedly except in the federal states of Vienna and Burgenland from the montane to subalpine altitude .
As a location, the plant prefers moderately fresh to dry, lean, clear spots in acidic forests. In Central Europe it is mainly found in the coniferous forests of the mountains, but also from the valley to above the tree line, but not common. In Central Europe it is a Piceetalia order character.
In the Alps it occurs up to an altitude of almost 3000 m. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises on the Rauhhorn and the Vorderen Fürschießer in Bavaria up to 2200 m above sea level.
Taxonomy and systematics
The huperzia selago was in 1753 by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum under the basionym Lycopodium selago first published . Franz von Paula cabinet and Karl Friedrich Philipp von Martius placed it in the genus Huperzia in 1829 . The genus is named after a German doctor Johann Peter Huperz (1771-1816) in Olpe .
One can distinguish the following subspecies:
- Huperzia selago (L.) Cabinet & Mart. subsp. selago
- Huperzia selago subsp. arctica (Tolm.) Á. Löve & D. Löve : It occurs in Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Svalbard, Great Britain, Denmark and on the Faroe Islands .
Toxicity
The whole plant is highly poisonous due to Huperzine A (Selagin) and other alkaloids . The poisonous effect is stronger than with Lycopodium clavatum . Symptoms include a. Dizziness, staggering, and loss of consciousness; there have been deaths in horses.
use
Huperzine A is used to treat Alzheimer's disease . With the Celtic Druids , the pine bear moss was used as a magic and medicinal plant under the name Selago .
literature
- Bernhard Marbach, Christian Kainz: FSVO nature guide mosses, ferns and lichens. blv, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-405-16323-4 .
- Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
- Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
- Lutz Roth , Max Daunderer , Kurt Kormann : Poison Plants - Plant Poisons. Poisonous plants from AZ. Emergency assistance. Occurrence. Effect. Therapy. Allergic and phototoxic reactions . 4th edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2000, ISBN 3-933203-31-7 (reprint from 1994).
- Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . 2nd, supplemented edition. tape 1 : General Part, Special Part (Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta): Lycopodiaceae to Plumbaginaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3322-9 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
- ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 92.
- ↑ Carl von Linné : Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 1102 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Franz von Paula cabinet , Karl Friedrich Philipp von Martius : Hortus regius monacensis: Directory of the plants growing in the Royal Botanical Garden in Munich, arranged according to the natural method, with reference to the Linneische system and summary information of the fatherland, the culture and the way of use. Can also be used as a key and overview in German gardens and for herbaria. Königlicher Central-Schulbücher-Verlag, Munich / Leipzig 1829, p. 3 ( online ).
- ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2016. ISBN 978-3-946292-10-4 , page 487. doi : 10.3372 / epolist2016
- ↑ a b Christenhusz, M. & Raab-Straube, E. von (2013): Lycopodiophytina. - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Huperzia selago In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
- ^ Entry on Huperzin A. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on June 7, 2014.
- ↑ Wolf-Dieter Storl : Plants of the Celts: Medicine, Plant Magic, Tree Calendar. AT Verlag, Aarau (Switzerland) 2000, ISBN 978-3-85502-705-7 .
Web links
- Huperzia selago. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Coal slap . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Huperzia selago (L.) Cabinet & Mart. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere from: Eric Hultén, Magnus Fries: Atlas of North European vascular plants. 1986, ISBN 3-87429-263-0 at Den virtuella floran (swed.)
- Thomas Meyer: Teufelsklaue data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
