technical school

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A technical school is a technical school that offers application-oriented courses on a technical basis. There are state and private educational institutions.

The technical school in Germany

In Germany , the requirements for admission to a technical school (in Bavaria also a technical academy ) for technology are a school leaving certificate from a general school with at least a secondary school leaving certificate (depending on the federal state also at least secondary school leaving certificate), a vocational school certificate, at least two years of completed vocational training and at least included Training 4 years of professional experience.

Full-time or part-time teaching staff are employed for the engineering studies. The importance of part-time teachers characterizes the course through very practical content .

The state qualification is state-certified technician .

history

The technical school type “technical school” first developed in Germany in the 19th century . It was initially run under the title Crafts School, the first orientation around 1880 was limited to the construction industry .

From 1892 there was training and further education for employees in the metalworking professions. In evening courses without a final exam, mechanical engineering craftsmen were able to improve their theoretical knowledge and thus meet the increasing professional demands. Over the course of time, these courses developed into the evening mechanical engineering school with a subsequent class system and a final exam . These courses were very strenuous; After all, extensive knowledge of machine technology was imparted over ten semesters with 16 hours of instruction on four evenings per week. It is interesting that the lesson table for this advanced training around 1930 largely resembles today's technical training in terms of subject names. We find economics , mathematics , mechanics , as well as machine components , engines , lifting machinery , electrical engineering , machine tools , Chipless shaping etc.

At the turn of the century , the Association of German Engineers (VDI) pushed for the establishment of a technical secondary school. In the period after the First World War, the electrotechnical and precision engineering industries became increasingly important. This created an increasing need for technicians and engineers in this area as well. For the first time, a day semester was offered in addition to the already existing seven-semester evening courses for precision engineering and electrical engineering. In 1927 the upper department (daily form) received the status of a higher technical institute (HTL), it was thus put on an equal footing with the higher mechanical engineering schools. For the seven- to eight-semester evening classes one already finds the name technician training.

After the Second World War, with the resurgence of the engineering schools, evening classes were rebuilt. A significant number of skilled workers attended these schools in the 1950s and 1960s. Due to technical developments, the need for technicians in industry and business could not be met. Attending an evening school put off some skilled workers who were willing to continue their training because of the long and very strenuous training alongside their work .

Therefore, in the 1960s, a three-semester one-day technician course was set up on a trial basis, specializing in mechanical engineering and industrial engineering, communications engineering and precision engineering.

The desired success of these courses prompted some educational administrations in the federal states to found the state technical schools that existed today, with study in the day and evening semester.

In addition to the classic fields of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and precision engineering, the new fields of bakery technology and meat processing technology required by industry were added at the end of the 1960s.

At the beginning of the 1970s, the increasing importance of electronic data processing in the field of electrical engineering expanded the new focus on data processing technology.

Since the mid-1970s, the only three-semester day-long training program has been adapted to the growing demands of the economy in terms of the scope of the learning material.Since then, day-time studies have lasted four semesters, while evening studies, which were different in length depending on the subject, were uniformly set to eight semesters.

The extension made it possible to strengthen the general basic and application areas. The increased number of hours in the application subjects made it possible to expand the laboratory exercises, an important prerequisite for practical relevance. In the general area, English and business studies were added, and the scope of German lessons was expanded. This also provided the prerequisite for confirming that the graduate had an educational level equivalent to the secondary school leaving certificate in addition to the title “State-certified technician”. From the point of view of the technical schools, this was not sufficient when you consider that a direct transition from the technician evening school to the engineering school was possible beforehand, taking semesters into account. Today it is customary for the advanced technical college entrance qualification to be awarded at the same time as obtaining the degree or for the award to take place through an additional mathematics test, since higher mathematics is part of the training. In addition, the completion of the technical college entitles the holder to study at a university for particularly qualified professionals. However, this general university entrance qualification is not yet uniformly regulated in the federal states, as cultural sovereignty is left to the federal states (Art. 30 of the Basic Law).

In the fall of 1980, the Conference of Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs passed a framework agreement on technical schools. This was the first nationwide uniform regulation of technical college education. The conditions for the establishment of technical schools, their structure and the examination were laid down. Several systems regulated the access professions, the subject areas including their focus, the framework lesson tables and the job titles.

Essential components of the technician training curriculum are framework and material plans as well as the lesson tables - i.e. the definition of which subjects are taught and to what extent. Originally, the school staff created the lesson tables themselves. With the increasing legalization of the school system, they became part of the training regulations, an administrative regulation issued by the respective education ministers of the individual federal states. A significant influence of the individual school could be preserved.

Austria: Technical and commercial colleges, higher technical and commercial schools

Technical colleges are part of the vocational middle schools . Anyone who can prove at least a compulsory school diploma is entitled to attend. The training period is usually four years, with the practical skills of related apprenticeships and theoretical knowledge being imparted at an intermediate level. The qualification from technical schools usually replaces some apprenticeships (related), some professions are only available as a teaching profession, some only as a technical school profession. In the final year, a technical thesis is written and a final exam is taken. A trade license is possible after two years of professional experience. A technical school education in Austria is not to be equated in terms of value with that of a German or that completed in Switzerland and Liechtenstein, since the educational level of the technical school in Austria is lower (roughly comparable to a vocational school in Germany).

The Höhere Technische Lehranstalt  (HTL) is a five-year school. It ends with a high school diploma and professional qualification including trade license ( matriculation and diploma examination). The level of these schools is very high, they are also considered difficult in Austria, in some cases an aptitude test is necessary for entry.

In both types of schools ( commercial, technical and arts and crafts middle schools  TMS, higher technical and commercial schools  THS) there are not only technical professions in the narrower sense but also commercial professions such as arts and crafts and clothing technology. In the vast majority of schools, the middle and higher schools are run side by side as departments, in which technical schools for the post-secondary level and for working people, such as colleges and master schools , are also offered.

After completing the technical school, you can further qualify as an engineer via the three-year advanced course at an HTL . You can also take the vocational matriculation test and study at universities of applied sciences or universities of applied sciences. The HTL awards the higher education entrance qualification with the Matura.

The technical school in Switzerland

The first technical school in Switzerland was founded in 1968 in western Switzerland. Schools in German-speaking Switzerland followed around 1971. When creating the job description, one oriented oneself to one's own needs, but also the German job description.

The Swiss technical schools have been classified as higher technical schools since April 1, 2005 . The earlier designation of the degree "Techniker TS" or "Dipl. Techniker TS "changed to" Dipl. Technician HF ".

Admission requirements are usually an apprenticeship qualification and (depending on the school) additional professional experience. Exceptionally, people with several years of professional experience are also admitted. The conditions were significantly tightened with the framework curriculum for technology 2005, which mainly affects career changers (not technical qualifications) and those switching (in the sense of the framework curriculum not relevant occupation).

In the case of part-time studies, an activity in the field of study from e.g. B. 50% or 32 hours per week must be prescribed. This also depends on the school.

The course is mostly part-time with 5, 6 or 7 semesters, but there are also full-time courses with 4 semesters.

The degree entitles you to study at some universities of applied sciences.

After completing the technical school, the private-law professional association title “Professional Bachelor ODEC” and / or “Ing. EurEta ”can be applied for.

swell

  • Hans Joachim Wefeld : Engineers from Berlin. 300 years of technical education , Haude & Spener 1988.

Individual evidence

  1. a b The medium-level technical center
  2. ↑ Conditions of admission. Retrieved November 30, 2019 . , on abbts.ch
  3. Requirements ( memento of December 28, 2011 in the web archive archive.today ), on bzu.ch
  4. a b Training as a diploma Technician HF, communication technology ( Memento from January 26, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  5. Higher technical college for technology, technical college in Zurich ( Memento from December 8, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  6. The most important things in brief (in IT Services Engineer HF), on tbz.ch
  7. Training concept of the ABB technical school. Retrieved November 30, 2019 .
  8. DIPL. TECHNICIAN HF ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY. Retrieved November 30, 2019 .
  9. Dipl. Techniker / in HF electrical engineering (full-time). Retrieved November 30, 2019 . , on e.g. ch
  10. Admission to study at the University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland ( Memento from July 12, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  11. The Professional Bachelor ODEC - a success story , on odec.ch, accessed on November 30, 2019
  12. EurEta , on odec.ch, accessed on November 30, 2019