Thesaurus Linguae Latinae

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Library of the Thesaurus linguae Latinae
Card archive of the Thesaurus linguae Latinae

The Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (Latin, " Thesaurus of the Latin Language", abbreviated TLL or ThlL or ThLL) is a monolingual dictionary of the Latin language, which has not yet been completed , which covers all of Latinity from its beginnings to Isidore of Seville , i.e. up to around 600 AD, taps. It is intended to serve as a solid foundation for research into the Latin language and literature.

Task and procedure

The aim of the thesaurus is to bring up everything with regard to the keywords that is linguistically of interest for the individual keywords. So the task is to create articles related to the keywords based on a collection of evidence. This has, in Wölfflin's words, the goal “the life history of the individual words, their origin, connection, increase, change in form and meaning, their mutual representation and replacement, and finally their death through all the centuries in which Latin was alive, that is up to the separation of the Romance subsidiary languages ​​”.

history

Concept formation and foundation

After long preliminary considerations, the Swiss Eduard Wölfflin (Munich) began the project initially with individual examinations and since 1884 in a special journal on a broader basis, with Friedrich Leo in Göttingen and Franz Bücheler in Bonn at his side. Theodor Mommsen was in contact with Wölfflin in this regard and, at the beginning of the 1890s, together with Martin Hertz, gave the impetus for implementation. After several conferences, five German-speaking academies came together on October 22, 1893 in the house of the scientific practitioner Hermann Diels in Berlin to form the Thesaurus Commission . First of all, a decision was made on the principles of material collection and processing. At Diel's suggestion, it was decided to fully process the use of language up to 150 AD, but only the lexical peculiarities for the period up to 600 AD. In 1899, after completing the preparatory work in Munich and Göttingen, the central institute Thesaurus Linguae Latinae was established in Munich. The articles were and are without exception written, edited and corrected in Munich, the proofs are sent to a number of foreign scholars to read. Some of the foreign companies regularly send scholarship holders to Munich to support their work. The slip archive and a special library are located in Munich. The first fascicle was published in 1900 by BG Teubner Verlag . The original schedule was five years for material collection and fifteen years for lexicographical work. The institute is based in Munich at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences .

The thesaurus was directed from 1893 and until 1949 and financed by the following supporting academies and their successors:

The commission of the association of the supporting academies, the thesaurus commission , met annually as scientific director to regulate organizational and financial questions. In particular, the report of the editor-in-chief was examined, further work planning carried out, budget closing and budget planning carried out. Funding came from the governments of the countries to which the academies belonged, directly from these countries, other scientific organizations such as B. the Strasbourg Scientific Society as well as collections and private donations. The countries involved included Bavaria, Prussia, Austria and the governments in Hamburg, Karlsruhe and Stuttgart.

From 1914 to 1945

The First World War , which made work particularly difficult, not only resulted in the death of many employees during the war - four of eighteen employees died in the first few months - but also particular financial bottlenecks. At that time, the Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft , the predecessor of the DFG , was founded, which promised support. When in 1921 the termination of all employees seemed inevitable and the payments from the emergency community of German science did not arrive, a collection at the Swiss universities, initiated by Jacob Wackernagel , helped . As early as 1919, informal support from abroad began, initially from Sweden, followed by the Netherlands and the USA in 1920, and South Africa in 1921 in addition to Switzerland. Scholarship holders from Switzerland and Denmark were also sent to Munich to work. From 1933 to 1937, the thesaurus was supported by a major donation from the American Rockefeller Foundation . At the end of the 1930s, the German Research Foundation also financially supported the thesaurus and in addition to the scholarship holders, for example, a high school professor from Austria and a university professor from Munich who were also on leave were working on the thesaurus. In the 1940s the thesaurus was run as a company of the Reichsakademie , the successor organization to the Reich Association of German Academies of Sciences . During the Second World War , the library and working materials of the thesaurus were relocated to the Benedictine monastery Scheyern between Munich and Ingolstadt to protect against bombing .

After 1945

Immediately after the end of the war, the Swiss Indo-Europeanist Manu Leumann , a member of the Thesaurus Commission since 1939, acted as the central point for offers of help to the Thesaurus. On his behalf, the Thesaurus employee Heinz Haffter traveled to Munich in 1946 and was commissioned there by the Swiss Thesaurus Commission, the American Philological Association , the British Academy and the Stockholm Academy , from April 1, 1947 “as their delegate in agreement with the Thesaurus Oversight Commission to take over the management of the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae […] ”, ie to act as the new general editor.

On April 7, 1949, the International Thesaurus Commission was founded, which replaced the Thesaurus Commission of the German-speaking founding academies, and was commissioned with the publication of the TLL. The commission now consists of thirty-one delegates (as well as individual members) from various scientific academies and learned societies from twenty-three countries, not only from European countries but also from Japan and the USA; the first chairman was Manu Leumann. Michael Hillen has been the general editor of the thesaurus since 2014, succeeding Silvia Clavadetscher .

The deliveries of the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae were published by Teubner until 1999, then, until 2006, by KG Saur Verlag , since then, from 2007, by Verlag Walter de Gruyter .

In the present and the future

So far the word segments A to M as well as O and P have been published; N and R are processed at the same time (as of 2019). As an estimate of the time until the completion of the thesaurus Dietfried Krömer gave in 1995 about 50 years.

Members of the thesaurus commission and staff

List of the members of the International Thesaurus Commission and the directors, editors-general, editors and research assistants of the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae

literature

  • Theodor Bögel : Thesaurus Stories. Contributions to a Historia Thesauri linguae Latinae. With an appendix: Directory of persons 1893–1995. Edited by Dietfried Krömer and Manfred Flieger. Teubner, Stuttgart a. a. 1996, ISBN 3-8154-7101-X .
  • Georg Dittmann : Wölfflin and the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae. In: Eduard Wölfflin : Selected writings. Published by Gustav Meyer. Dieterich, Leipzig 1933, pp. 336-344 (reprint. Olms, Hildesheim 1977, ISBN 3-487-06137-6 ).
  • Dietfried Krömer (Ed.): Like the leaves on the tree, the words change. 100 years of Thesaurus linguae Latinae. Lectures of the events on January 29th and 30th, 1994 in Munich. Teubner, Stuttgart a. a. 1995, ISBN 3-8154-7100-1 .
  • Bianca-Jeanette Schröder : Thesaurus linguae Latinae. In: Ulrike Haß (ed.), Large Encyclopedias and Dictionaries of Europe. European encyclopedias and dictionaries in historical portraits. De Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-019363-3 .
  • Richard Schumak (ed.): New beginning after the Third Reich. The resumption of scientific work at the Ludwig Maximilians University and the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Diary entries of the classical philologist Albert Rehm 1945 to 1946 (= studies on contemporary history. Vol. 73). Dr. Kovac, Hamburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-8300-4469-7 .
  • Hannes Hintermeier : Treasury light. Ten million pieces of paper and no end: how long will the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae continue to grapple with Latin? In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung No. 24 of February 10, 2020, page 9.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Thesaurus linguae latinae, editus iussu et auctoritate consilii ab academiarum quinque germanicarum Berolinensis Gottingensis Lipsiensis Monacensis Vindobonensis. Leipzig 1900 ff.
  2. ↑ Thesaurus linguae latinae, editus iussu et auctoritate consilii ab academiis societatibusque diversarum nationum electi. Leipzig [1956–1979]
  3. ^ Wilhelm Ehlers: The Thesaurus linguae Latinae. Principles and experiences. In: Dietfried Krömer (Ed.): The words change like the leaves on the tree. 1995, p. 223.
  4. ↑ Dietfried Krömer: A difficult century. In: Dietfried Krömer (Ed.): The words change like the leaves on the tree. 1995, pp. 13-18.
  5. ^ Wilhelm Ehlers : The Thesaurus linguae Latinae. Principles and experiences. In: Dietfried Krömer (Ed.): The words change like the leaves on the tree. 1995, pp. 223-224.
  6. ↑ Dietfried Krömer: A difficult century. In: Dietfried Krömer (Ed.): The words change like the leaves on the tree. 1995, p. 26.
  7. ^ Wilhelm Ehlers: The Thesaurus linguae Latinae. Principles and experiences. In: Dietfried Krömer (Ed.): The words change like the leaves on the tree. 1995, p. 236.
  8. ↑ Dietfried Krömer: A difficult century. In: Dietfried Krömer (Ed.): The words change like the leaves on the tree. 1995, p. 18.
  9. ↑ Report on the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae in the financial year 1939/40. In: Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Yearbook. Born in 1939, ISSN  0084-6090 , pp. 62-64
  10. ↑ Dietfried Krömer, Manfred Flieger (Ed.): Thesaurus stories. Contributions to a Historia Thesauri linguae Latinae by Theodor Bögel (1876–1973). Teubner, Stuttgart et al. 1996, ISBN 3-8154-7101-X , pp. 183-185.
  11. ^ Hermann Diels : Report of the commission for the Thesaurus linguae latinae over the period from April 1, 1921 to March 31, 1922. In: Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Yearbook. Born 1922/1923, pp. 30-32.
  12. ^ Johannes Stroux : Thesaurus Linguae Latinae. Report. : In: Yearbook of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. Born 1940, ISSN  0936-420X , pp. 61-63.
  13. ^ Yearbook of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. Born in 1942, p. 28.
  14. ↑ Dietfried Krömer: A difficult century. In: Dietfried Krömer (Ed.): The words change like the leaves on the tree. 1995, pp. 20-24.
  15. ↑ Dietfried Krömer: A difficult century. In: Dietfried Krömer (Ed.): The words change like the leaves on the tree. 1995, pp. 26-28.
  16. ↑ Press release of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences of August 13, 2014: International Thesaurus Commission elects new general editor ( Memento of August 20, 2014 in the Internet Archive ).
  17. ↑ See the overview of the research project and facilities: Thesaurus linguae Latinae , accessed on June 24, 2019.
  18. ↑ Dietfried Krömer: A difficult century. In: Dietfried Krömer (Ed.): The words change like the leaves on the tree. 1995, p. 27.

Web links

Commons : Thesaurus Linguae Latinae  - collection of images, videos and audio files