Timple

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Timple
span .:  timple
Timple Front.png
Five-string timple
classification Chordophone
string instrument
range Timple Range.png
Template: Infobox musical instrument / maintenance / sound sample parameters missing Related instruments

Guitar , tiple , ukulele , lute

Musician
Benito Cabrera , Totoyo Millares , Domingo R. Oramas "El Colorao", José Antonio Ramos

The timple is the typical string instrument of the Canary Islands . It belongs to the group of guitar-like Iberian box neck lutes and is traditionally used as an accompanying instrument together with other instruments in songs and dances. It is very similar to the ukulele . A larger timple is also called a contra . Timple is related to Tiple , another name of the Timple, with which box-neck sounds are mainly used in Latin America today.

All signs indicate that the first timple builders are to be found in Lanzarote - the island that was first conquered by Jean de Béthencourt from 1402 . A well-known Timple workshop is still located in the former island's capital Teguise .

Design

Timple, Casa-Museo Del Timple, Lanzarote .

A handcrafted timple from Teguise has the following dimensions:

Total length 61 cm, distributed over:

The length of the timple is 40 cm. The sound box has the shape of a slim figure eight, with a width of 12 to 16 cm. A golpeador is attached to the ceiling between the sound hole and the base of the neck. The strings lead over the bridge to the tailpiece on the lower edge of the body. The ceiling rests on the frames , which are 5 cm high at the ends of the eight and 6 cm high in the middle. The ribs of different heights support the arched sound box back, the hallmark of the Timple. At the highest point, the sound box is 8.5 cm high. The curvature or the hump has also given the timple the name of the melodious camel , Spanish. El camellito sonoro . This is the real difference between the Timple and the Spanish and Portuguese small guitars.

The soundboard of the Timple is made of stone pine, cedar or linden wood , the sides and back are made of Palo Santo (the flexible wood of the guaiac tree ), maple types, cypress or walnut wood .

Voices

The voice range is soprano , treble, span. Tiple, narrow. Treble . The standard tuning of the 5-string timple, fifth to first string: gcead, in one octave. On Tenerife there is a 4-string timple, here the fifth string is missing: cead.

origin

The conquest of the Canaries began in 1402 and ended in 1496, whereby the culture of the indigenous people, the old Canary Islands , was almost extinct. The old Canarians had no stringed instruments, as the poet Antonio de Viana explained in Tenerife in 1604, who described that the colonists had brought the guitars with them. A case is known from the early days of the Inquisition against the citizen Millares , who played the guitar in a procession and thousands sang along. In notarial letters from the 16th to the 18th century, stocks of large and small guitars are listed.

The Spaniards, possibly also the Berbers and Moors before that , could have brought their knowledge of making stringed instruments with them to the islands. Two melody strings are a fifth apart, the other three accompanying strings are octaves. It is believed that there were connections from Lanzarote to the west African coast, about 120 kilometers away, from Mauritania to Guinea , and inland via Mali to Niger .

In 1752 in Madrid , Pablo Minguet published a method for learning "la guitarra, el tiple y la vandola" . This method is the first known of its kind. This shows that this old tiple and the modern Canarian timple have the same stringing, the same tuning and the same way of playing.

It is possible that the timple developed from the baroque guitar that Spanish colonists brought with them to the islands. The instruments were classified according to the pitch of the pitch, bass , tenor , soprano , like in a choir. The highest instrument was commonly called the treble or tiple. The m added to timple can be explained by epenthesis , the insertion of a sound.

Use in music

Timple "hump"

Soloist

Popular timple soloists are:

Groups, chapels

Standard line-up for accompaniment: some guitars, lutes and bandurrias (a form of bandola , an octave higher than the lute), a timple or two, a tambourine and sometimes triangles and scrapers.

Songs and dances: Aires de Lima, Folías, Seguidilla , Malagueña , Isa , Tajaraste (the only traditional dance of the old Canarians), Sorondongo, Polka , Mazurka and Berlina

Known groups:

Playing technique

attitude

While standing, you put the instrument with the lower middle, where the tailpiece is, in the right inner elbow. When sitting, the lower frame is placed on the right thigh as an extension of the center of the bar. The right forearm lies on the upper frame at the extension of the bridge to the frame.

right hand

The playing technique, taking into account the smaller design, is like a guitar. The fingers of the right hand slap or pluck the strings over the golpeador.

The little finger is not used; this contributes to faster right hand movements.

The wrist must be three or four fingers above the soundboard. The right fingers should not hit the soundboard.

For arpeggio , harp-like, one usually uses the thumb for the fifth and fourth strings, the index finger for the third, the middle finger for the second and the ring finger for the first string.

In punteado , the game of voices, the combination of index and middle finger is used in most cases, although all combinations with other fingers are also possible.

Rasgueado the timple: the common rasgueado in ¾ time is the following:
You hit all strings down with your right hand with your index, middle and ring finger. Once each for the first and second quarter notes. To serve, keep your thumb and forefinger open in a semicircle. Strike upwards across all the strings with two strikes, first with the thumb, then with the index finger with a single movement of the wrist, and then downwards as above, doing everything during the third quarter note.

Left hand

The thumb is guided behind the neck parallel to the support of the gripping fingers. The fingers of the left hand are numbered as follows:

1 = index finger, 2 = middle finger, 3 = ring finger, 4 = little finger

Fingers 1, 2, 3 and 4 must touch the strings with their fingertips and form a semicircle with the fingers without grasping the neck tightly. The left hand does not support the weight of the timple. Opening and closing the elbow make it easier to grip in certain difficult positions.

literature

  • Juan Carlos Figueroa: Nuestro folklore paso a paso , Gráficas Tajinaste SL La Laguna / Tenerife
  • Benito Cabrera: Método para Timple , videotapes 1 - 6, TVS SL La Laguna / Tenerife
  • B. Cabrera Hernández: El timple. Ediciones Canaricard, 1999
  • José Carlos Delgado Díaz: The Folk Music of the Canaries. Publicaciones Turquesa, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 2004, ISBN 84-95412-29-2 , p. 106 ( The Timple )
  • Eduard Wolff, Heinrich Zelton: Guitar Lexicon . Nikol Verlagsgesellschaft, Hamburg 1999

Web links

Commons : Timple  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lothar Siemens Hernández: La música en Canarias ( Memento of the original of February 13, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / nti.educa.rcanaria.es
  2. ^ Sofia Barreto, Eva Ordóñez Flores :: Dance and Music in Canarian Malagueñas. In: The World of Music , Vol. 50, No. 1 ( Music, Language and Dance: The Articulation of Structures and Systems ) 2008, pp. 17-31