Drywall
Dry construction refers to the production of space-limiting, but not load-bearing components in the building industry , which is done by joining industrially manufactured semi-finished products . Mainly plate-shaped components are connected by nailing, screwing, plugging or gluing. The use of water-containing building materials such as mortar , clay , concrete or plaster can largely be dispensed with. Dry construction work is added to the expansion of the building.
In this respect, drywall construction is differentiated from concrete construction , masonry construction and earthenware construction . Drywall is an assembly method and at the same time a lightweight construction . The dry construction makes it possible to flexibly and modularly meet building physics requirements with regard to heat, cold, sound, fire, moisture, radiation protection and impact protection.
history
Drywall was the first man made stone. Until the 19th or even 20th century, dry constructions were built in many regions of the world. They were mostly faster and build cost-effective than masonry from tool or bricks . It was only later that they were subsequently grouted and / or plastered.
Definition of drywall
Dry construction includes room-delimiting, component-cladding and decorative constructions of the extension, especially for walls, ceilings and floors, which are installed in a dry construction method. Materials that have been mixed with moisture are often used to finish the surface. Partitions and ceilings made of masonry, rabitz and stucco , as well as wooden structures such as those created by carpenters and joiners do not belong to drywall . Also dry masonry natural stone usually not part of the drywall, because it is no lightweight.
No clear definition of terms is possible for mixed forms:
- Expansion of half-timbered houses , where wooden stud walls of various types are made,
- Construction panels that are plastered like wood wool lightweight panels after installation
- light plan stones made of aerated concrete or plasterboard , which are glued with no or only a thin layer of mortar and then usually plastered over.
Drywall
Dry construction includes:
- Ceiling linings and suspended ceilings
- as flat, articulated or curved, seamless or elemented surfaces made of different materials, shapes and systems, etc. a. as decorative, metal, cassette, grid, lattice, honeycomb, lamellar, panel ceilings or baffle ceilings in special designs, e.g. B. as acoustic, light, ventilation, air conditioning ceilings. The clothing can u. a. made of plasterboard , wood , glass and sheet metal , as well as wooden , plastic, gypsum fiber , mineral fiber , cement fiber , fiber , calcium silicate , wood wool lightweight and coated hard foam boards ( building boards ). There are also lightweight panels with lightweight aggregates such as perlite available.
- Wall cladding , mounting walls
- as straight, curved or curved surfaces made of different materials and systems, single-shell or multi-shell planking, etc. a. as room-dividing, fixed or convertible stud walls, corridor and apartment partitions
- Installation walls (also pre-wall installation ), toilet partitions
- The clothing can u. a. consist of plasterboard panels, gypsum fiber panels , clay building panels , wood, wood-based materials , metal and plastic.
- Other disguises
- free-standing or directly attached, with or without substructure, e.g. B. moist mortar (attachment binder), glued, possibly with additional insulation, u. a. as dry plasters, assembled dry stucco, cladding, casings, aprons and bulkheads
- Floor systems
- as raised floors , cavity floors or installation floors, dry sub-floors (dry screeds ) covering u. a. made of plasterboard, gypsum fiber, calcium silicate, wood material, steel, screed, metal tubs with mineral filling, reinforced lightweight concrete ; Top coverings z. B. on linoleum , parquet, needle felt, carpet
- Internals
- in the aforementioned constructions, e.g. B. Sub or supporting structures for increased loads (ceiling or wall), lights (without wiring), ventilation outlets, frames for doors and windows, doors (including fittings )
- Simple insulation and insulation
- for the aforementioned constructions or as a separate service u. a. made of mineral wool (rock wool or glass wool) and natural fibers, cotton , sheep wool , flax , cork , foam glass , perlite , rigid foams , barriers and vapor barriers made of metal and plastic
- Room-in-room systems
- as self-supporting and free-standing room systems in a modular design, stand-alone or connected to existing components, for the construction of sanitary cells, soundproof cabins, meeting rooms or foreman’s offices, for the encapsulation of industrial machines, living space expansion or for escape tunnels with increased requirements for fire protection
A smaller amount of water than in classic masonry construction is required to mix the filler for filling joints and connections in the plasterboard and plasterboard wall panels. Likewise for the adhesive mortar of plasterboard. Materials containing gypsum usually have a short drying time and can be sanded, painted, wallpapered, etc. after around 24 hours. a. revisable.
Dry construction in damp rooms
Domestic kitchens and bathrooms do not count as damp rooms in the narrower sense (exposure class A0). In areas that can occasionally be exposed to moisture, plasterboard or plasterboard with a hydrophobic core or impregnated cardboard are often used. The latter are also called moisture- proof panels , are often colored green and are not suitable for a relative humidity that is constantly above 70%. In areas that are temporarily exposed to splashing water or standing water, these panels can be protected by a liquid or sheet-like seal.
In structures that can be soaked through over long periods of time, building boards containing gypsum should not be used, as these lose their strength when they are wet. This applies to wet rooms such as commercial bathrooms, large kitchens, damp basement rooms as well as to the outside area.
Instead, cement-containing panels are often used that contain lightweight aggregates such as expanded glass granulate in order to be easier to handle. The stability of the panels is increased by embedding glass fiber fleece . The cutting is partly possible with the knife. Saw blades should be made of hard metal . In addition to the filling, the joints are often also glued.
To produce a moisture-resistant substructure, (metal) profiles with corrosion protection class C3 or C5 are used.
Development, job description
From the 1960s onwards, coming from America, modern interior construction using drywall construction took off slowly in Germany, and finally, with increasing system innovation in construction, ever faster.
As the first professional representation, the FUAAT and later the Federal Department of Acoustics and Drywall, campaigned for the development of the new occupational profile , which it also established in 1974 with the introduction of the three-year apprenticeship as a drywall fitter . Since 1984 there has also been an advanced professional qualification: industrial master acoustic and drywall construction . In 2006, the Federal Department also enforced the inclusion of the General Technical Contractual Conditions (ATV) DIN 18340 " Dry construction work " in Part C of the VOB (procurement and contract regulations for the building industry). Since then, dry construction has also been officially recognized as an independent trade under building contract law.
In Germany there are two apprenticeships : the two-year construction worker (with a focus on drywall work) and the three-year drywall fitter .
Drywall is also an integral part of apprenticeship and master training in the following professions: plasterer, carpenter, tiler and carpenter.
Economy, law
In the past there were often legal disputes as to whether the execution of acoustic and drywall work as part of a craft in Annex A of the Crafts Code was subject to the corresponding restrictions. This was finally denied by the law of May 31, 2000 (clarification of trade law).
Coatings of the created walls and cladding, apart from the already mentioned fillings, do not belong to the dry construction work according to the craft regulations, but rather to the tasks of the painters and plasterers .
Norms and standards
- VOB procurement and contract regulations for construction works - Part C: General technical contract conditions for construction works (ATV) DIN 18340 dry construction.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c dry construction boards: Something for every application , In: Ausbaupraxis.de; accessed in April 2019