Tundrajukagir language
| Tundrajukagir (Вадул аруу) | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Spoken in |
 Russia
|
|
| speaker | 60 | |
| Linguistic classification |
|
|
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639 -1 |
- |
|
| ISO 639 -2 |
- |
|
| ISO 639-3 |
ykg |
|
The tundrajukagirische language (even Nordjukagirisch ; self-description: wadul ) is one of only two still spoken jukagirischen languages . Today it is only spoken by about 60 mostly older Jukagirs in Northeast Siberia. While it used to be spoken across the entire tundra of the East Siberian lowlands , the majority of its speakers now live in the village of Andrjuschkino on the Alaseja , where the language is also taught in the local school.
orthography
It was not until 1987 that the Tundrajukagir language was written down by the linguist and native speaker Gavriil Nikolajewitsch Kurilow. The Tundrajukagir alphabet consists of 39 letters and is largely based on the Cyrillic alphabet of the Russian language, but uses three special characters ( Ҕҕ , Ҥҥ and Өө ), which were taken from the Cyrillic alphabet of the Yakut language .
| А а | Б б | В в | Г г | Ҕ ҕ | Д д | Дь дь | Е е | Ё ё | Ж ж | З з | И и | Й й |
| К к | Л л | Ль ль | М м | Н н | Ҥ ҥ | Нь нь | О о | Ө ө | П п | Р р | С с | Т т |
| У у | Ф ф | Х х | Ц ц | Ч ч | Ш ш | Щ щ | Ь ь | Ы ы | Ъ ъ | Э э | Ю ю | Я я |
Phonology
Vowels
| front | central | back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |
| closed | i, iː (и, ии) | u, uː (у, уу) | ||||
| medium | ɛ (э) | ɞ (ө) | ɔ, ɔː (о, оо) | |||
| open | a, aː (а, аа) | |||||
Consonants
| bilabial | alveolar | postalveolar | palatal | velar | uvular | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| stl. | sth. | stl. | sth. | stl. | sth. | stl. | sth. | stl. | sth. | stl. | sth. | |
| Plosives | p (п) | b (б) | t (т) | d (д) | ɟ (дь) | k (к) | g (г) | q (х) | ||||
| Fricatives | s (с) | ʁ ¹ (ҕ) | ||||||||||
| Affricates | t͡ʃ (ч) | |||||||||||
| Nasals | m (м) | n (н) | ɲ (нь) | ŋ (ҥ) | ||||||||
| Lateral | l (л) | ʎ (ль) | ||||||||||
| Vibrants | r (р) | |||||||||||
| Half vowels | w (в) | j (й) | ||||||||||
¹The voiced uvular fricative / ʁ / is realized after / ŋ / as a plosive [ɢ] .
Phonotactics
The syllable structure is CVC, so a maximum of one consonant can appear at the beginning and end of a word, but a maximum of two in the middle.
literature
- Elena Maslova: Tundra Yukaghir. LINCOM, Munich 2003, ISBN 978-3-89-586792-7 .
- Mark Schmalz: Aspects of the grammar of Tundra Yukaghir. Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam 2013.