Ulvö Gamla Kapell

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Ulvö Gamla Kapell
Look into the chapel
Western transverse wall with gate

The Ulvö gamla kapell ( Swedish for Old Chapel of Ulvön ) is a wooden chapel in Ulvöhamn , the main town on the island of Ulvön in the Swedish municipality of Örnsköldsvik . It was built in 1622 by Gävle fishermen ; Protestant church services were held there regularly until 1894 . By depopulation the importance sank the chapel during the 20th century, so it from the previously competent pastor of the 2,010 parish Nätra deconsecrated was. The Ulvö gamla chapel is one of three painted chapels of the Gävle fishermen and is considered to be the most beautiful. It was protected as a monument in 1996 by the Västernorrland provincial government .

history

In Ulvöhamn, Gävle fishermen have been fishing since the beginning of the 17th century at the latest, and they built chapels in their fishing villages. The Ulvö Gamla Kapell, built in 1622, is the oldest still preserved. The building originally stood at the western entrance to Ulvösundet; By 1740 at the latest it was moved to its current position in the center of Ulvöhamn. Next to the chapel is a small cemetery, which was inaugurated in 1745 by the pastor of the parish of Nätra. The island's population buried seafarers who died on Ulvön. Their own dead were buried in Nätra until 1920, and since then on a small island in Bysjön on Norra Ulvön.

Ulvön initially only served the fishermen as a fishing base during the summer months. The pastor from Nätra only came to Ulvön on a few Sundays each year; usually a Gävlefischer or theology student (some of whom spent the summer on Ulvön) led the meetings. A service was held in the chapel every Sunday and public holiday ; there were also short prayers every day . These were abolished during the 19th century, one of the consequences of the decline in fishing trips. It was strictly forbidden to work or trade on Sundays; Fishermen who broke this rule were fined heavily by the community. It was forbidden to enter the port during the service; arriving seafarers had to leave their boat a little way from the village and walk the rest of the way. In autumn the chapel was closed after a last common prayer. When there were no sheds in Ulvöhamn, the fishermen used it as a tool store in winter.

In 1874 a pilot on board a ship from Gothenburg was infected with smallpox ; a total of 14 people died of the disease on Ulvön. They were buried together next to the chapel, and a small, still-preserved iron cross was erected in their memory. At the end of the 19th century the last Gävlefishers left Ulvön and the chapel slowly fell into disrepair. The community planned to tear it down and build a larger structure, for which King Oskar II gave permission in December 1888. However, when the king visited the chapel in August 1890, he was impressed by the paintings inside. For the maintenance of the building he donated 200 crowns to the people of Ulvöhamn  ; thereafter the demolition plans were dropped. The Landesmuseum Västernorrland bought the entire complex for 500 crowns in February 1892 and has been maintaining it ever since. Construction of the new Ulvö kyrka began in autumn 1892 ; it was consecrated in August 1894 . After kapell only sporadically services had taken place in the 20th century in the Ulvö gamla, it was in April 2010, deconsecrated in order to make it possible that in both church and civil weddings are celebrated.

architecture

The rectangular wooden building is built in the manner of a log house, about ten meters long, seven meters wide and clad with falun red boards. On each long side there are two windows framed with lead , one on the eastern transverse wall. When the windows were subsequently installed in the north wall in 1839, the paintings there were damaged. A wooden bell stack was built in 1758. To the services and for the exit of the fishermen to their fishing grounds rang a small bell of copper . To ensure that everyone had the same chance of catching fish, it was forbidden to set off before the bell rang. There was originally a stake in front of the chapel, but it was never used. A wooden fence surrounds the entire facility.

Furnishing

Pulpit clock

General

A massive lock hangs on the door of the chapel. The outside is adorned with a wooden statue, probably from the 15th century. It shows God seated, with a globe in his left hand, while he raises his right hand in blessing . Together with seven other wooden statues that have been kept in the Västernorrland State Museum since the 1930s, it probably belonged to a winged altar . Inside the chapel, several rows of simple wooden benches flank a central aisle. To the right of the entrance is an offering box , the contents of which were distributed to the poorest of the village. On the eastern transverse wall opposite the entrance is a richly decorated pulpit without a sound cover from the 17th century. The angular pulpit is decorated with carved pillars and plants in blue, green and red colors; wooden figures stand between the pillars. The pillars, the figures placed in niches and the arches above are among the typical renaissance characteristics of the pulpit. A four-glass pulpit clock stands on the upper edge of the basket . Ulvöhamn's fishermen bought the pulpit from Vibyggerå parish in 1753 ; before there was none in the chapel.

Two oil paintings from the 18th century hang on the east wall: north of the window Jesus on the cross and above the window the promise of the birth of Jesus to Mary . Two wooden chandeliers , believed to have been made in the 18th century, are fixed over the central aisle. The three-masted votive ship Gustaf från Gefle , which is rigged as a full ship , hangs near the pulpit . It was donated in 1770 by three Gävle fishermen who originally came from the mainland near Ulvön. The ship was restored in 1945.

Paintings

Roof of the chapel
The riding son
Fishing scene with Jesus on the beach

The walls and roof of the chapel are completely painted inside with glue paint. The work was carried out in 1719 by Roland Johansson Öberg, a farmer from Sörbyn on Ulvön who was born around 1675 . He had already decorated the chapel in the fishing village of Barsta in 1699 . According to the inscriptions on the gate, at the time the theology student Nicolaus Alanger was preaching in the chapel, the theological content of the paintings probably came from him.

The paintings on the roof are divided into three fields. The north and south halves of the roof are each divided by a wooden beam; while the lower fields each have their own theme, the two middle quarters of the roof form a common painting field. The south side shows the twelve apostles framed with pilasters . Instead of Judas Thaddeus , Paul of Tarsus is depicted. The four evangelists are depicted on the north side: John with an eagle and an open book (in which the verse “ So God loved the world ”, John 3:16, can be read), Luke with a bull, Mark with a lion and Matthew with a book in hand and the winged man beside him. The center of the roof is decorated with plants and a scene with boats and working fishermen who are blessed by Jesus .

A painted band of leaves runs along the roof on the walls . Below are explanations of the paintings and biblical references. At the eastern end of the southern long side, two disciples are shown together with Jesus on the way to Emmaus . On the remainder of the south wall, the entire western transverse wall and part of the north wall, the story of the prodigal son is told in nine (originally maybe ten) scenes, the representation runs clockwise from south to north. In the first scene the son leaves his parents' house dressed in 17th century style. The second scene shows him approaching two women in elegant clothes; one holds a bottle and the other a mug. The third picture shows the prodigal son at a drinking bout with men and women who are taking away his inheritance, which is kept in a bag. The fourth scene shows him in the midst of prostitutes . The images from the fifth scene appear on the western transverse wall, where the entrance is also. The son comes penniless to a herd of pigs that he is tending in the sixth scene. The seventh and eighth scenes, on the other side of the entrance, have only survived in fragments. The ninth picture is the only scene on the north wall that shows the prodigal son being taken back to his parents' house. A presumable tenth scene is only preserved as a fragment due to the installation of the windows and can therefore no longer be identified.

Above the gate a staircase with a married couple is painted, underneath the inscription “Over the age of one and up to one hundred years of age”. All pictures of the western transverse wall were damaged by the construction of a (no longer existing) organ gallery in the 1870s. On the northern long side, next to the homecoming of the prodigal son, three scenes relating to the sea are painted. The first picture shows two fishing boats with fishermen fishing while Jesus is sitting near them on the beach and has raised a hand in blessing. Above the boats lies a town in the background. The second scene shows Jonah and the whale, including a sea ​​god and a nymph . In the third scene, a fisherman pulls in his full net, while another fisherman in his boat raises his hands in amazement or gratitude. The sacrifice of Isaac is depicted on the eastern transverse wall to the north of the window and on the southern side, above the pulpit, the church father Augustine of Hippo .

literature

  • Albert Eskeröd: Gävleborna's streaming fish . In: Ur Gävle stads historia. Edited by Philibert Humbla, Gävle 1946, pp. 321-360.
  • Jan Moritz: Gävlefiskarna i Ångermanland. W-Sönst., Gävle 1992.
  • Kjell EG Söderberg : Ulvö gamla kapell. Kulturnämnden i Örnsköldsviks kommun, Örnsköldsvik 1972.
  • Kjell EG Söderberg: Ulvöhamn - två pictures ur ett fiskeläges historia. Gothenburg 1995.

Web links

Commons : Ulvö gamla kapell  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Kjell EG Söderberg: Ulvö gamla kapell. 1972, pp. 6, 7.
  2. ↑ Ulvö gamla kapell: Fakta och skyddsföreskrifter. lansstyrelsen.se, accessed November 26, 2013 (Swedish).
  3. ^ Jan Moritz: Gävlefiskarna i Ångermanland. 1992, p. 4.
  4. ↑ a b Kjell EG Söderberg: Ulvö gamla kapell. 1972, p. 4.
  5. ^ Kjell EG Söderberg: Ulvö gamla kapell. 1972, pp. 13-16.
  6. ↑ Kjell EG Söderberg: Ulvöhamn - två bilder ur ett fiskeläges historia. 1995, p. 89.
  7. ↑ Albert Eskeröd: Gävle Bornas strömmingsfiske. 1946, p. 20.
  8. ↑ Ulvö gamla kapell, p. 32. (PDF; 554 kB) (No longer available online.) Murberget.se, archived from the original on December 3, 2013 ; Retrieved November 22, 2013 (Swedish).
  9. ^ Kjell EG Söderberg: Ulvö gamla kapell. 1972, pp. 17-18.
  10. ↑ Klart för bröllop på Murberget. svt.se, accessed November 26, 2013 (Swedish).
  11. ↑ Mer information about Ulvö gamla kapell. (No longer available online.) Lansstyrelsen.se, archived from the original on October 30, 2013 ; Retrieved December 2, 2013 (Swedish).
  12. ^ Kjell EG Söderberg: Ulvö gamla kapell. 1972, p. 6.
  13. ↑ a b Kjell EG Söderberg: Ulvö gamla kapell. 1972, pp. 2, 12.
  14. ^ Kjell EG Söderberg: Ulvö gamla kapell. 1972, pp. 7-9.
  15. ↑ a b Kjell EG Söderberg: Ulvö gamla kapell. 1972, pp. 9-12.
  16. ↑ Original: "Om menskens åhldr från Ett och til Etthundrade åhldrz åhr."

Coordinates: 63 ° 1 ′ 20.1 ″  N , 18 ° 38 ′ 57.2 ″  E

This article was added to the list of articles worth reading on December 4, 2013 in this version .