African Union / United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur

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UNAMID
operation area Sudan / Darfur
German name Hybrid deployment of the African Union and the United Nations in Darfur
English name African Union / United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur
French name Operation hybride Union africaine-Nations Unies au Darfour
Spanish name Operación Híbrida de la Unión Africana y las Naciones Unidas in Darfur
Based on UN resolution 1769 (2007)
Other UN resolutions 1935 (2010)

2063 (2012)
2113 (2013)
2173 (2014)
2228 (2015)
2265 (2016)
2296 (2016)
2363 (2017)
2429 (2018)

Type of mission Peace mission
Beginning July 2007
status ongoing
management Jeremiah Mamabolo (South Africa)
Operating strength (max.) 4,050 soldiers

2,500 police officers

Military out EgyptEgypt EthiopiaEthiopia BangladeshBangladesh BoliviaBolivia Burkina FasoBurkina Faso BurundiBurundi China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China GermanyGermany GambiaGambia GhanaGhana IndonesiaIndonesia IranIran JordanJordan CambodiaCambodia KenyaKenya Korea SouthSouth Korea KyrgyzstanKyrgyzstan LesothoLesotho MalaysiaMalaysia MaliMali MongoliaMongolia NamibiaNamibia NepalNepal NigeriaNigeria PakistanPakistan PalauPalau PeruPeru RwandaRwanda ZambiaZambia SenegalSenegal Sierra LeoneSierra Leone ZimbabweZimbabwe South AfricaSouth Africa TanzaniaTanzania ThailandThailand TogoTogo YemenYemen
Police off EgyptEgypt EthiopiaEthiopia BangladeshBangladesh BeninBenin Burkina FasoBurkina Faso BurundiBurundi GermanyGermany DjiboutiDjibouti Ivory CoastIvory Coast GambiaGambia GhanaGhana IndonesiaIndonesia YemenYemen JordanJordan CameroonCameroon KyrgyzstanKyrgyzstan MadagascarMadagascar MalawiMalawi MalaysiaMalaysia NamibiaNamibia NepalNepal NigeriaNigeria PakistanPakistan PalauPalau RwandaRwanda SenegalSenegal Sierra LeoneSierra Leone South AfricaSouth Africa TajikistanTajikistan TogoTogo TunisiaTunisia TurkeyTurkey TanzaniaTanzania
Deaths 266 (as of September 2018)
costs Approximately $ 1.04 billion (July 2016-June 2017)
Location of the operational area Sudan-map-political-mayur.png

The hybrid operation of the African Union and the United Nations in Darfur , the official English name African Union / United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur ( UNAMID , originally from the United Nations Mission in Darfur ) is the name of a mixed operation by the African Union and the United Nations provided peacekeeping force for the Sudanese region of Darfur , whose deployment was unanimously authorized by the United Nations Security Council on July 31, 2007 with resolution 1769 . Originally, it is supposed to include around 26,000 soldiers and police officers and to take over the work of the previous 7,000-strong AU troop AMIS , which was unable to effectively protect the civilian population in the conflict in Darfur .

UNAMID's mandate was initially 12 months, but has been extended several times so far. The deployment was to begin in October 2007, and by December 31, the troops took command of the AMIS. Members of the UNAMID are authorized to use force for self-defense and the protection of civilians and humanitarian operations - but not to seize illegal weapons and arrest people who are wanted by the international criminal court . With a maximum of 19,555 soldiers and 6,432 police officers, the UNAMID was to become the largest peacekeeping force in the world at times. On October 31, 2007, the UNAMID headquarters in al-Fashir , north Darfur, was inaugurated.

The decision to deploy UNAMID was preceded by a long diplomatic struggle, as the government of Sudan had to give its approval for the troops first. The Sudanese government must also approve the units of each individual country.

In May 2008, 7,605 soldiers, 154 military observers and 1,804 police officers were stationed, as well as 446 foreign and 741 local civilian employees and 148 United Nations volunteers .

In July 2008 the Darfur Consortium , an alliance of 50 human rights organizations, criticized the fact that UNAMID had failed to effectively protect the civilian population in the first six months of its existence. It is under-staffed and inadequately equipped, and the Sudanese government, despite promises to the contrary, is pursuing an obstructive policy towards the mission.

On July 31, 2008, the United Nations Security Council extended the mission with Resolution 1828 until August 15, 2010. This extension was followed by others. The mission was extended on August 27, 2014 by resolution 2173 to June 30, 2015, and on June 29, 2017 the mission was extended again to June 30, 2018.

UNAMID's Ratel infantry fighting vehicle near a refugee camp in West Darfur

In February 2009, fewer than half of the 26,000 volunteers were on site. The inadequate enforceability of the peace goals continued to be criticized. The inability of UNAMID to protect the civilian population was particularly evident in early 2009 when UNAMID failed to protect civilians in Muhajeriya in South Darfur from fighting between government units and the rebel group JEM . UNAMID and aid organizations had to leave Muhajeriya to get themselves to safety, and around 30,000 people were forced to flee.

In May 2009, 13,286 soldiers, 180 military observers and 2,936 police officers were stationed, as well as 970 foreign and 2,147 local civilian employees and 334 United Nations volunteers.

On February 29, 2016, UNAMID's operational strength comprised 14,345 soldiers, 179 military observers and 2,929 police officers as well as 811 foreign, 2,601 local civilian employees and 157 United Nations volunteers. As part of the extension of the mission in July 2018, the maximum troop strength was reduced to 4,050 soldiers and 2,500 police officers.

Two other UN peace missions are also stationed in the region , namely UNISFA in the Abyei region and UNMISS in South Sudan. In 2021, UNAMID will be replaced by a new political mission to support the democratization and peace process in Sudan, which has been ongoing since 2019.

German participation

The German Bundestag agreed on 15 November 2007 that German soldiers and police officers to participate in the UNAMID mission. The mandate to deploy up to 250 soldiers has been extended several times. The current extension is valid until December 31, 2020. The mandate limit is 50 soldiers.

Currently (as of March 2020) four German soldiers are involved in UNAMID.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ [1] of August 18, 2018
  2. ↑ [2] from September 2018
  3. ↑ IRIN News: Hybrid force for Darfur sets up base
  4. ↑ Darfur Consortium: Putting People First: The Protection Challenge Facing UNAMID in Darfur ( Memento of February 23, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 194 kB)
  5. ^ Sudan (Darfur): UNAMID must not desert civilians in Muhajeriya. Amnesty International, February 2, 2009
  6. ↑ UNAMID Facts and Figures. Retrieved April 7, 2016 .
  7. ↑ UN: Sudan. August 2018, accessed August 2018 on 18 .
  8. ↑ UN: UNISFA. Retrieved May 15, 2017 .
  9. ↑ UN: UNMISS. Retrieved May 15, 2017 .
  10. ↑ a b Foreign Office: Sudan: International Partnership for Democratic Change. Retrieved July 1, 2020 .
  11. ↑ Debate in the Bundestag, March 12, 2020

Web links

Commons : UNAMID  - collection of images, videos and audio files