United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan
UNMISS | |
---|---|
operation area | South Sudan |
German name | United Nations Mission in South Sudan |
English name | United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan |
Based on UN resolution | 1996 (July 7, 2011) |
Other UN resolutions |
2057 (July 5, 2012) 2109 (July 11, 2013) |
Type of mission | Peace mission |
Beginning | July 7, 2011 |
status | ongoing |
management | David Shearer |
Operating strength (max.) | 12,500 members of the military, 1,323 members of police units |
Military out | |
Police off | |
Deaths | 68 (as of December 2019) |
costs | US $ 924,426,000 (July 1, 2013 - June 30, 2014) |
Location of the operational area |
The United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan ( UNMISS ) is the successor to the United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS). It was adopted on July 7, 2011 on the basis of resolution 1996 of the UN Security Council. The occasion was the establishment of the independent state of South Sudan on July 9, 2011.
On July 5, 2012, the Security Council defined the mandate of the UNMISS more precisely through Resolution 2057 and extended the mission until July 15, 2013, after which it was again extended by various resolutions of the UN Security Council (currently until March 15, 2020). In response to the unrest in December 2013 , the mission's troop strength was increased significantly with Resolution 2132, which was passed on December 24, 2013 .
The Norwegian Hilde Frafjord Johnson led the mission from July 8, 2011 to July 7, 2014, her successor, the Danish Ellen Margrethe Løj, until November 30, 2016. Since the beginning of 2017, the New Zealander David Shearer has been in charge of the mission.
tasks
The original mandate of UNMISS essentially comprised three tasks:
- Support in the consolidation of peace and thus in further long-term state-building and economic development
- Assisting the government in exercising administrative responsibilities in the areas of conflict prevention, conflict mitigation and resolution, as well as the protection of the civilian population
- Support the government in building a legal system and strengthening security and justice
With the adoption of Resolution 2155 on May 27, 2014, the UN Security Council changed the mission's tasks. These now include:
- Protection of civilians
- Monitoring and investigation in the field of human rights
- Create the conditions for the delivery of humanitarian aid
- Support for the implementation of the Agreement on the End of Hostilities
Resolution 2241 of October 9, 2015 expanded the mandate to include tasks to support the implementation of the peace agreement.
Regional Protection Force
The United Nations Security Council adopted on 12 August 2016, introduced by the United States Resolution 2304 for a 4,000 peacekeepers comprehensive Regional Protection Force (RPF) that the UNMISS is subordinated to the Force Commander, but their functions from those of other unequivocal Distinguish troops. The RPF should u. a. free and safe access to and from Juba , e.g. B. by protecting means of transport and communication channels, protecting the airport and other central facilities and taking action against attacks on UN institutions or personnel, international and national humanitarian actors or civilians. The RPF is initially limited to Juba, but can also be used in other parts of the country if necessary. The mandate is currently limited to December 15, 2016.
After initially agreeing to a stationing, the South Sudanese government refused to give consent before Resolution 2304 was passed. On September 4, 2016, the government again agreed to deploy the RPF.
Developments and conflicts
Because of the bloody power struggles in young South Sudan for the country's political leadership, around 63,000 civilians across the country have sought refuge in the UN camps since mid-December 2013. UNMISS supplies the refugees with water, offers limited medical emergency aid and thus supplements food aid through the World Food Program and aid organizations. On December 19, the UN camp in Akobo was attacked by around 2,000 Lou-Nuer fighters, killing two Indian blue helmets and probably 20 Dinka. The United Nations Security Council passed resolution 2132 on December 24, 2013, which increases the maximum strength of UN troops to 12,500 soldiers and 1,323 police officers. The additional troops are to be relocated to UNMISS from other UN missions such as MONUSCO , UNAMID , UNISFA , UNOCI and UNMIL .
UNMISS supports the initiative of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) for mediation between the conflicting parties, which was endorsed by both the UN Security Council and the African Union .
In an attack on the UNMISS base in Bor on April 18, 2014, 58 people died and over 100 were injured. Many of the victims belonged to the Nuer ethnic group .
guide
- Special Representative of the Secretary-General : David Shearer ( New Zealand )
- Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Political Affairs: Moustapha Soumaré ( Mali )
- Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General, UN Resident Coordinator, and Humanitarian Coordinator and Resident Representative of UNDP : Alain Noudéhou ( Benin )
- Police Commissioner: Unaisi Bolatolu-Vuniwaqa ( Fiji )
Force Commander
No. | Surname | nationality | Beginning of the appointment | End of appointment | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Major General Moses Bisong Obi | Nigeria | July 9, 2011 | Nov 18, 2012 | Previously Force Commander of the United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS). |
2. | Major General Delali Johnson Sakyi | Ghana | Dec 11, 2012 | June 9, 2014 | |
3. | Lieutenant General Yohannes Gebremeskel Tesfamariam | Ethiopia | July 1, 2014 | 17th July 2016 | Previously Head of Mission and Force Commander of the United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA). |
4th | Lieutenant General Johnson Mogoa Kimani Ondieki | Kenya | 17th July 2016 | Nov 1, 2016 | Dismissed from post by the United Nations Secretary-General. |
5. | interim: Major General Chaoying Yang | People's Republic of China | Nov 3, 2016 | April 1, 2017 | Deputy Force Commander. |
6th | Lieutenant General Frank Mushyo Kamanzi | Rwanda | April 1, 2017 | May 26, 2019 | Previously, Force Commander African Union / United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID). |
7th | Lieutenant General Shailesh Tinaikar | India | May 26, 2019 | - |
National participations
German participation
Germany currently (as of September 2018) has 14 Bundeswehr soldiers involved. The current mandate approved by the German Bundestag on March 22, 2018 , which is valid until March 31, 2019, provides for an upper limit of 50 soldiers. They are deployed as military observers in the UN camps spread across the country or as staff at the headquarters of the mission in Juba and the headquarters of the four sectors. For self-defense, the previously unarmed German soldiers were temporarily equipped with pistols in January 2014 . On July 20, 2016, the UN complained to Great Britain, Germany and Sweden about the withdrawal of police officers without prior consultation. The withdrawal had dealt a serious blow to the morale of the troops and was not in solidarity with the other UN organizations that continued to fulfill their tasks.
Swiss participation
Switzerland is involved in the mission with two soldiers (as of August 2016). The basis for the posting is a Federal Council resolution of April 28, 2010, with which participation in the previous UNMIS mission was decided.
British participation
The United Kingdom has been involved since March 2015 with Lockheed C-130 transport aircraft to supply the areas around Juba and Malakal .
Web links
- Official UNMISS website (English, also Spanish, Russian and French selectable)
Individual evidence
- ↑ UNMISS Leadership. Retrieved May 13, 2017 .
- ↑ a b c d UNSC Resolution 2123 of December 24, 2013 (PDF file; 161.3 kB)
- ↑ a b c UNMISS Facts & Figures
- ↑ UNMISS Fact sheet. Retrieved November 18, 2018 .
- ↑ Secretary-General Appoints Hilde F. Johnson of Norway Special Representative for Republic of South Sudan , UN Secretary-General, July 8, 2011. Accessed December 25, 2013
- ↑ Secretary-General Appoints David Shearer of New Zealand Special Representative for South Sudan , UN Secretary-General, December 13, 2016. Retrieved September 20, 2017,
- ↑ UNMISS mandates. Retrieved October 28, 2013 .
- ↑ Resolution 2155 (2014) (English). Retrieved November 29, 2014 .
- ↑ Resolution 2241 (2015) (PDF file; 107 kB) Retrieved on October 19, 2015
- ↑ Resolution 2304 (2016) (PDF file; 70.7 kB) Accessed September 7, 2016
- ^ The Security Council adopted a resolution to deploy a "Regional Protection Force" to the south Sudanese Capital of Juba. (No longer available online.) UNMISS, August 13, 2016, formerly in the original ; accessed on August 13, 2016 . ( Page no longer available , search in "regional-protection-force" -south-sudanese-capital-juba web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ South Sudan agrees to deployment of regional force, IGAD says. August 5, 2016, accessed September 7, 2016 .
- ^ South Sudan Rejects Regional Troop Deployment by UN. August 10, 2016, accessed September 7, 2016 .
- ^ S. Sudan Agrees to New UN-Backed Peacekeeping Force. September 5, 2016, accessed September 7, 2016 .
- ^ OCHA South Sudan crisis Situation Report of December 26, 2013
- ↑ Ban demands end to violence as UN mission relocates staff from Juba UN News Center, December 22, 2013
- ^ UN mission in South Sudan mourns fall peacekeepers UN News Center, December 21, 2013
- ↑ Further deaths in the fight for posts in Akobo in: tagesspiegel.de, December 21, 2013
- ↑ UNMISS Press Conference, December 24, 2013 ( PDF file; 275.7 kB) Accessed December 25, 2013.
- ↑ Unanimously Adopting Resolution 2132 (2013), Security Council Increases United Nations Mission's Military Presence in South Sudan , United Nations Security Council , December 24, 2013. Retrieved December 25, 2013.
- ↑ UNMISS press release: UNMISS condemns attack on its camp in Bor ( Memento of the original from April 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. from April 18, 2014 (English)
- ↑ Mission numbers - The strength of the German mission contingents. Retrieved August 1, 2016 .
- ^ Bundestag: Peace Mission in South Sudan extended. In: www.bundestag.de. Bundestag, March 22, 2018, accessed on September 21, 2018 .
- ↑ Blog: UNMISS mission in South Sudan. Retrieved September 11, 2013 .
- ↑ Information to the public No. 5/14 (PDF file; 226.6 kB) Accessed on February 6, 2014.
- ↑ "UN criticizes the withdrawal of German police officers from South Sudan" NZZ of July 21, 2016
- ^ Military observer. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on July 31, 2016 ; accessed on August 1, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Factsheet UNMISS (South Sudan). (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on July 31, 2016 ; Retrieved October 28, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Beth Stevenson: RAF C-130J deployed to South Sudan. In: Flightglobal.com. March 27, 2015, accessed on March 29, 2015 (English): “The Royal Air Force says that its Lockheed Martin C-130J Hercules strategic transport has been deployed to northeastern Africa to deliver supplies to a remote region under the UN Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) humanitarian relief effort. The C-130J was due to depart RAF Brize Norton on March 26, the Ministry of Defense says, and will deliver "vital supplies" to the remote city of Malakal - the first deployment of the aircraft for the UN in Africa. "