Traffic in Kyrgyzstan
The traffic in Kyrgyzstan is largely shaped by the highly mountainous landscape. The traffic routes have to overcome great differences in altitude, some passes are at an altitude of more than 3000 meters, landslides and avalanches repeatedly block connections. Some parts of the country are largely cut off from the outside world in winter. Several traffic routes from the time of the Soviet Union are now interrupted by borders, so that sometimes time-consuming formalities to cross the border are necessary when using them. In rural areas in particular, horses are still used intensively as a means of transport.
Streets
Kyrgyzstan has a road network of around 34,000 kilometers. Of these, 18,810 kilometers belong to the state road network under the responsibility of the Ministry of Transport. The remaining routes are the responsibility of local authorities or are classified as industrial or agricultural routes. 7,228 kilometers are officially listed as roads with a solid surface, including 11 kilometers of concrete surface, 4,969 kilometers of asphalt and 2,248 kilometers of paved roads. 9961 kilometers are gravel roads and 1621 kilometers are compacted earth.
The European roads E40 , E60 , E125 , E007 , E010 and E011 run through the country . The Pamir Highway connects over a distance of 1,252 km, the Kyrgyz city of Osh with the Tajik region Gorno-Badakhshan located khorugh or the Tajik capital Dushanbe .
A large part of the road connections can only be used to a limited extent depending on the weather. This also applies to the two road connections to China, the route via the Torugart Pass and the route via Irkeschtam , which are often impassable in winter.
A large part of motorized road traffic is carried by minibuses, especially within and between cities and between them and the surrounding settlements. There are also regular bus connections with larger vehicles between the major cities. There are trolleybus systems in three cities in the country, including the Naryn trolleybus .
The largest current road construction project is the expansion of the road between Bishkek and Osh, which began in 2012. The project is subsidized by the Asian Development Bank and is intended to connect the most important population centers in the north and south-west. A branch will also connect the valley of the Talas river via a pass at a height of 3500 meters . A road link from Osh to China is in the early stages of discussion.
Airports
Kyrgyzstan has four airports with international connections and several regional airports.
- The Manas airport near the capital Bishkek is the main international airport with scheduled flights to and from Moscow , Tashkent , Dushanbe , Istanbul , Baku and London .
- The Osh airport also offers international connections, a daily scheduled flight to Manas and several other domestic routes.
- Issyk-Kul Airport near the city of Tamchy on the north bank of Lake Issyk-Kul will be connected to Almaty by SCAT Airlines in the summer and offers domestic connections to Bishkek, Jalalabad and Osh.
- Karakol Airport on the east bank of Lake Issyk Kul is connected to Almaty by SCAT Airlines in winter and offers domestic connections.
- Jalalabad Airport in the west of the country is connected to Bishkek daily by Air Kyrgyzstan , Avia Traffic Company , Air Bishkek and Sky Bishkek.
- Kazarman Airport in Central Kyrgyzstan has connections to Jalalabad, Osh and Bishkek with Sky Bishkek.
- Kerben Airport in the west of the country has connections to Jalalabad and Bishkek with Sky Bishkek.
During the Soviet Union, there were around 50 airfields and runways, especially for military purposes on the border with China. Many of them are still occasionally used for military and civil purposes today. Some of the well-known facilities of this type are located near the settlements of Toktogul, Kanysh-Kiya, Ala-Buka, Sakaldy in the districts of Nooken, Batken , Isfana , Kyzyl-Kiya, Naryn , Talas , Pokrovka, Cholponata , Tamga, Tokmok and Aravan. The military airport near Kant on the northern border of the country is used by units of the Russian Air Force stationed there.
There are a total of 21 airports with paved runways and 29 with unpaved runways in Kyrgyzstan. Most of the latter are no longer in use (as of 2012).
railroad
The Kyrgyz state railway Kyrgys Temir Dscholu is responsible for the construction and maintenance of all railway lines in Kyrgyzstan. However, with a total of around 370 kilometers, the rail network is very poorly developed and has only little economic importance. The most important routes are the Bishkek – Balyktschy railway line and the Lugovoi – Bishkek railway line .
Today's rail network is essentially based on the structures from the time of the Soviet Union and continues to use their gauge of 1520 millimeters. The state long-distance railway network of the Soviet Union had terminals of the Turkestan-Siberian Railway in the Tschüi river valley in the north of the then Soviet republic and in the southern Ferghana valley . The former use for large freight volumes in the direction of Tashkent , Almaty and various Russian cities is hardly common today.
Direct rail connections to neighboring countries exist exclusively from the capital Bishkek to Kazakhstan and from Osh to Uzbekistan . The construction of new rail connections from Balyktschy in the north and Osh in the west to China are occasionally discussed, but would involve major investments.
Pipelines
Kyrgyzstan has a rudimentary system of pipelines. In 2006, the government recorded 16 kilometers of oil pipelines and 367 kilometers of pipe systems for the transport of natural gas, 167 kilometers of which had only been built three years earlier as part of an expansion program.
shipping
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None of the Kyrgyz rivers are navigable. The only port in the country is located in the city of Balyktschy on Lake Issyk Kul . The only cargo shipping worth mentioning takes place on this body of water. Their size has decreased considerably compared to the times of the Soviet Union.
See also
Web links
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Individual evidence
- ^ Tajikistan's Pamir Highway: A Decaying Lifeline to the East on eurasianet.org . Accessed December 31, 2016