Villa awake

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The Villa Wach , previously also Villa Göschen and Haus Metzsch , was a mansion in the Oberlößnitz district of the Saxon town of Radebeul , in Augustusweg 62. The owner was the Saxon governor and privy councilor Felix Wach . Today the manor houses a child and youth welfare center.

Villa Wach, south side with terrace structure
Villa Wach, east side with entrance

description

Former architectural and cultural history monument

The manor house, already listed in 1904 by the art historian Gurlitt in his descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony , was described by him as follows:

“The stately, two-storey mansion with its basic rectangular shape with 13 windows in front should have received its present form in the middle of the 19th century. According to the external form, a uniform building from this time. I could not prove whether an older system was used. In the extensive park you can find different dates on sandstone blocks on a step and on embankment walls. In the upper part 1791, 1792, 1793. To the east next to the manor house 1794, 1795. On a terrace step re. GB Aō. 1792 . On the terrace a few balls, attachments from distant gate pillars of the old enclosure wall. One of the same re. 1797. "

Even during the GDR era, more precisely in 1973 and 1979, the object was listed in value group III as a Wach villa with a gatehouse and baroque vases in the district monument list for Radebeul . After the turn of the guard's villa was because of loss of their historical value in the years before the status as a monument revoked.

Ravensberg

Villa Wach, phylloxera on the mountain path to the Ravensberg

Above the Wach'schen Villa rises the steep ascent of the Lößnitz slopes, in this section the so-called Ravensberg . To the west, above the villa, the terrain has already risen again; to the east there is still the forest cover of the last hundred years. There, from the forecourt in front of the former manor house, a steep mountain path leads up to the hill, partly designed as sandstone stairs with handrails. The path also leads to Wahnsdorf via a lookout point halfway up ; it flows into the street Am Dammberg .

In the lower part there is a vine blue sculpture next to an information board about the changes in the vineyard area (1882, 1904 and 2009). Shortly thereafter, another plaque points to the quarry on Ravensberg, which you can see inside.

history

Before 1668 the vineyard property was owned by the Dresden court pharmacist Wechinger as the first owner known by name; after later owners, the vineyard was also called Abelhardtscher Berg or Saulscher Oberberg , today Ravensberg .

In 1672 there was already a representative mountain and pleasure house in the same place of the Villa Wach , which was mentioned several times as a “palace” in the early 19th century.

With the acquisition of this and other vineyards in 1790/1791, the banker Baron Christian Friedrich von Gregory , owner of the house in the west , created the largest contiguous vineyard property in Oberlößnitz with around 10 hectares . According to Gregory, this property was owned by the Counts v. Loß .

Villa Göschen ( Herbert König , wood engraving 1871) with the gate that Gurlitt described as “removed” in 1904
Villa Wach, farm building on the slope side
Villa Wach, farm building on the street, today a day care center
Villa Wach above the main street, 1909
Villa Wach, gatehouse on the street

This was followed by the banking and merchant family Göschen, who later became the British diplomat Edward Goschen there in 1847 . The Göschen family fundamentally converted the manor house into the Villa Göschen in the middle of the 19th century . Two sisters of Eduard (Edward) and his brother, George Joachim Goschen , married members of the Metzsch family , who lived not far away in Bennoschlösschen. In 1869 Marion (1845–1877) married the future Prime Minister of Saxony, Georg von Metzsch, and in 1863 her sister Emily Louisa the later chamberlain and member of the state parliament Gustav von Metzsch (1835–1900). He moved into the Villa Göschen, which gave it the name Haus Metzsch , while his brother lived in Dresden. According to a wood engraving by Herbert König from 1871, the villa at that time was a two-storey building with nine window axes and a triangular gable central project, similar to the Villa Zembsch further to the east .

Another fundamental renovation took place in 1913/1914 into Villa Wach , after Katharina (Käthe) Wach had acquired the property in 1912. Katharina Wach (1876–1956) was the daughter of Ernst von Mendelssohn-Bartholdy , the senior manager of one of the most important German private banks, Mendelssohn & Co. , Berlin. Her husband, the Saxon state official and privy councilor Dr. jur. Felix Wach (1871–1943), a son of Adolf Wachs and a grandson of Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy on his mother's side , worked among other things as governor in Oschatz and Pirna . They had three children together, including the religious scholar and sociologist Joachim Wach , who managed to emigrate to the USA in 1935. The reconstruction of the manor house, to which the present-day properties 62–76 belonged at that time, was carried out by the architect Hugo Wach (1872–1939), a brother of Felix. The building was extended across the width of Villa Göschen from the wood engraving in 1871 by two window axes on each side and the gable was redesigned, as can be seen in the photo from around 1940. The artist Wilhelm Köppen was brought in to design the state hall .

According to the law to restore the civil service, Felix Wach was retired on August 13, 1933 as a “non-Aryan” at the age of 62. In order to avoid the threatened expropriation of her own property, Katharina Wach transferred the property to her husband in the summer of 1938. In a letter dated December 30, 1938, this process was forbidden by the district chief of Dresden-Bautzen , since Felix Wach was a “ first degree mixed breed and married to a Jew” and was therefore considered a Jew. After the decision was reversed, because Wach was "only a mixed race of the 2nd degree, i.e. a quarter Jew", the then Mayor of Radebeul Heinrich Severit issued a detailed statement on April 15, 1939 with the explanation that Wach only had one "fully Jewish" grandparent, but still carry other "alien" (French) blood. But not only this shows that he is not German, but also his behavior: At the end of 1936, Wach protested on behalf of the family against the demolition of the Mendelssohn statue in Leipzig . Since the transfer was contrary to considerable public interest, it was declared ineffective on June 16, 1939. The property was then “ Aryanized ” and the Wach family had to move to Karcherallee in Dresden . Felix Wach died on August 21, 1943 in Dresden. His wife Katharina Wach and their daughter Susanne were deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp on January 11, 1944 , but thanks to intervention from a higher authority (“Also the intercession […] [from] Prof. Martin Hammitzsch […], who was with Hitler's half-sister Angela […] was married, is said to have contributed to the rescue from the otherwise inevitable fate. ”) Was bought out by Swedish and Swiss relatives and lived in Switzerland until her death in 1956. Her daughter also survived and died at the age of 95 in Locarno.

The Villa Wach , on whose ornamental gable an imperial eagle was attached, went to the German Red Cross in 1940 as a state leadership school and (probably later as a hospital ) .

In 1946 the property, which had been confiscated by the Soviet army from 1945 to 1957, was again nationalized and in 1951 transferred to the property of the city of Radebeul. At that time the Soviet army used the former coach house as a prison .

From 1958 to 1972 the city of Radebeul operated the former manor house as the second schoolhouse of the Oberlößnitz School, after which a children's home was built there, to which the children from the children's home at Augustusweg 105 were also moved. The children's home was handed over to the Children's Ark of Saxony in 1992 as the Oberlößnitz child and youth welfare center .

In the outbuildings of the property, the gym and after-school care center were housed as early as 1958, and sports facilities were built on the extensive park property. In 1972, a new building was added to form what is now the Oberschule Oberlößnitz (middle school until 2013). In 2006 the middle school was relocated to the Rosegger School building in Serkowitz .

literature

Web links

Commons : Villa Wach  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Crisp, FA (ed.): Visitation of England and Wales, Vol. 15 (1908), p. 163.
  2. ^ Karlheinz Blaschke:  Georg Graf von Metzsch-Reichenbach. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 17, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-428-00198-2 , p. 263 ( digitized version ).
  3. ^ Written information from the Radebeul City Archives to user: Jbergner on September 2, 2009.
  4. ↑ Christof Biggeleben: The "bulwark of the bourgeoisie". The Berlin merchants 1870–1920 (= series of publications for the journal for corporate history, vol. 17); Munich: CH Beck 2006, p. 153.
  5. ↑ a b c Kathrin Wallrabe (Ed.): Susanne Heigl-Wach, born. Awake. Great-granddaughter of the composer Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy . In: Frauenzimmer - women in the room? Text collection. City of Radebeul, Radebeul 2005, p. 33.
  6. ↑ a b Monumental painting in the field of tension between historicism and art nouveau. The work of Wilhelm Köppen (1876–1917). Pp. 133-136
  7. ↑ Family tree of the Mendelssohn family (excerpt)
  8. ^ Stephan Wendehorst: Building blocks of a Jewish history of the University of Leipzig. Leipziger Universitätsverlag, 2006, ISBN 978-3-86583-106-4 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  9. ↑ Katharina Marie VON MENDELSSOHN-BARHTOLDY
  10. ↑ a b Ingrid Lewek; Wolfgang Tarnowski: Jews in Radebeul 1933–1945 . Extended and revised edition. Major district town of Radebeul / City Archives, Radebeul 2008, p. 28 f.
  11. ^ Frank Andert (Red.): Radebeul City Lexicon . Historical manual for the Loessnitz . Published by the Radebeul City Archives. 2nd, slightly changed edition. City archive, Radebeul 2006, ISBN 3-938460-05-9 , p. 202-203 .

Coordinates: 51 ° 6 ′ 34.5 "  N , 13 ° 40 ′ 47"  E