Vitoria (ship)
 The Vitoria 1885 in Mahón
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The Vitoria (sometimes referred to as Victoria or Vittoria in non-Spanish sources ) was an armored frigate of the Spanish Navy , with which the ship remained in service from 1867 to 1907.
history
The British shipyard Thames Ironworks in Blackwall received the building contract for the Spanish navy's second iron ironclad . There the ship was launched on November 4, 1865. Together with her "sister ship", the flagship Numancia built in France , the Vitoria was henceforth one of the most powerful battleships in the Spanish Navy. She came too late to serve in the Spanish-South American War , but in 1870 she and the Numancia brought King Amadeus I of La Spezia to Cartagena.
It played a key role during the First Spanish Republic . Like the Numancia was the Vitoria together with the majority of the Spanish fleet in the hands of the fighting against the central government in Madrid Kantonalisten of Cartagena fallen. They manned the warships with released convicts and used them to extort support money (contributions) and food by shelling other Spanish port cities. For this they were declared pirates by the central government. After the Vitoria had bombed Almería together with the frigate Almansa , the two ships were intercepted and captured on August 1, 1873 off Málaga by the German warship Friedrich Carl , commanded by Reinhold von Werner , and the British ironclad Swiftsure . The Vitoria remained under British "protection" for a while before it was handed over to the Madrid government on September 26th. As the flagship of the newly created navy of the central government, the Vitoria took up the fight against Numancia and the fleet of the cantonalists on October 11, 1873 in the naval battle of Portmán (near Cartagena) under the command of Rear Admiral Miguel Lobo .
When Numancia succeeded in breaking the blockade in front of Cartagena on January 12, 1874 , the Vitoria proved to be too slow to pursue the cantonalists fleeing to Oran (Algeria). The Vitoria only arrived in Oran on January 14th and was finally able to bring the Numancia back to Cartagena on January 17th , where both ships arrived on January 19th, 1874. Then the Vitoria took part in the bombardment of their Basque strongholds Motrico, Bermeo , Ondárroa , Mundaca , Lequeitio , Elanchove and Zarauz until the end of the war against the Carlist .
Together with the Numancia , the Vitoria was from 1896 for maintenance and modernization work in the shipyard of La Seyne-sur-Mer (near Toulon) and thus came too late to be used in the loss-making war against the United States despite its hasty relocation to Cadíz in 1898 . From 1900 on, the Vitoria was used as a training ship . In December 1911, the ship was offered for sale for 277,254 pesetas .
technology
The Vitoria had a from iron -made fuselage , which was 96.37 meters long and 17.37 meters wide. With a maximum displacement of 7135 t, the ship was 8.07 m deep in the water. The crew of the Vitoria had a nominal strength of 500 men. So in these dimensions she resembled the Numancia , the first Spanish ironclad.
The drive of the Vitoria consisted of a combination of steam engine and rigging , as is typical of the time . The indicated power of the steam drive, which acted on a screw , was 4500 PSi, which enabled the ship to reach a top speed of 12 knots. Up to 875 t of coal could be stored as fuel . The ironclad was also rigged as a three-masted full ship , with the rigging later significantly reduced.
At entry into the armored frigate whose armament of 30 68-Pfünder- was smooth tube - muzzle . In 1890, the Vitoria received a new armouring consisting of eight 22.8 cm muzzle loaders mounted in the broadside and two 20.3 cm muzzle loaders set up in a reduit . These ten guns were Armstrong's and they were all drawn . The armament was supplemented by a 20.0 cm breech loader manufactured by Hontoria , eight machine guns and two torpedo tubes with a diameter of 35 cm. From 1897 to 1898 the Vitoria , like the Numancia , was completely overhauled at Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée in La Seyne-sur-Mer . The ship again received a different armament, which from then on consisted of six 16.2 cm guns, 14 cm rapid fire guns , 6 pounder cannons and machine guns as well as two torpedo tubes.
The hull of the Vitoria had iron armor. The belt armor measured 140 mm in thickness and ranged from about 3.96 m above the waterline to 2.13 m below. The battery was provided with 130 mm thick armor.
annotation
- ↑ The ship is said to have been renamed (1870–1873) after Spain's Queen Maria Vittoria .
literature
- Gardiner, Robert (Ed.): Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905 . Conway Maritime Press, London 1979, ISBN 0-85177-133-5 , pp. 380 f .
Footnotes
- ↑ a b c d e f g Gardiner, Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships , p. 380.
- ↑ a b c d e K. K. Hydrographisches Amt Pola: Communications from the Maritime Area , Volume 2, Pages 275-290. Carl Gerold's son's printing and commission publishing house in Vienna, 1874.
- ^ A b Stanley Sandler: Battleships - An Illustrated History of Their Impact , pp. 64f. ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara 2004.
- ^ A b House of Commons: Parliamentary Papers , Volume 76, Pages 2-66. HM Stationery Office, London 1874.
- ^ Edmund Burke: The Annual Register - 1873 , pp. 230f. Rivingtons, London 1874.
- ↑ Revista Naval: Fregate blindada Vitoria
- ↑ Francisco Góngora: La fragata Vitoria, un barco pirata en el Mediterráneo , El Correo of November 1, 2017
- ↑ Buques viejos en venta . In: ABC . Madrid December 5, 1911, p. 11 (Spanish, ABC (Madrid) ( Memento from February 26, 2018 in the Internet Archive )).