Valentin Alexandrovich manufacturer

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Valentin Alexandrovich producer ( Russian Валентин Александрович Фабрикант ; born October 9 . Jul / 22. October  1907 greg. In Moscow , † 3. March 1991 ) was a Russian physicist and university teacher .

Life

The factory owner was the son of the agronomist Alexander Iossifowitsch Fabrikant (1881–1963) and his wife Reisa Schliomovna Sverdlova as well as the nephew of the Social Revolutionary Vladimir Osipovich, who fled with Alexander Fyodorowitsch Kerensky after the October Revolution, and of the Agricultural Institute of the Allrussian Institute for Mechanization and Vice-Direction of agriculture Jakow Ossipowitsch factory owner (1886–1933), who was shot in 1933.

1925 Fabrikant began studying at the Physical - mathematical faculty of Moscow University (MGU), together with Leonid Ivanovich Sedov and Lev Pontryagin . At Sergei Iwanowitsch Wawilow Fabrikant carried out experimental studies on the quantum yield of fluorescence .

After completing his studies in 1930, factory owner worked as a laboratory manager in the All-Russian Electrotechnical Institute (WEI). In addition, he taught on Wawilov's recommendation at the Chair of Physics at the Moscow Energy Institute (MEI), where he was initially an assistant, then a lecturer and finally a professor . From 1932 he investigated the spectra and intensities of light from gas discharges in a wide range of currents and pressures and published a number of papers on this. In 1935 he received his doctorate with this work without defending a dissertation as a candidate in physical-mathematical sciences . In 1938 he presented a method for the direct experimental detection of a stimulated emission , with which he for the first time pointed to the possibility of an amplification of radiation in the sense of negative absorption .

In 1939, a manufacturer at the Lebedev Institute defended his doctoral thesis on the optical properties of gas discharges. Further work served the development of the fluorescent lamp .

In 1948 Leonid Michailowitsch Biberman , N. Suschkin and Fabrikant showed experimentally that not only an electron beam with many electrons has a wave character , but also individual isolated electrons, in that the flow of individual, independent electrons through the diffraction apparatus generates the same diffraction pattern during long exposure as an electron beam that is a million times more intense with short exposure.

Together with Michail Martynowitsch Wudynski and Fatima Aslanbekowna Butajewa , Fabrikant continued to investigate negative absorption. In 1951 he applied for the registration of the invention of a new method of light amplification with an exponential increase in intensity through inverse energy level occupation . The principle of radiation amplification has been extended to ultraviolet , infrared and radio radiation . The invention was not registered until 1959, and in 1964 the Diploma of Discovery No. 12 on Enhancement of Electromagnetic Radiation by Stimulated Emission was awarded with priority from 1951 over measles and lasers in the United States .

Fabrikant headed the physics chair at MEI from 1943 to 1977. In 1962 he set up a new specialization there to prepare engineers for the development and application of lasers in research and industry. In 1968 he became a full member of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR .

The manufacturer was buried in the columbarium of the Wagankowo cemetery .

Honors, prizes

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ JA Chramow: manufacturer Valentin Alexandrowitsch . In: AI Achijeser : Physicists: Biographical Lexicon . Nauka , Moscow 1983, p. 270 (Russian).
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g МЭИ: Фабрикант Валентин Александрович (1907–1991) (accessed May 17, 2019).
  3. ↑ a b c Хлопкин Н.С .: Фабрикант Валентин Александрович (1907-1991) . In: лечение и учеба в МЭИ . ( famhist.ru [accessed May 17, 2019]).
  4. ↑ Biberman LM, Veklenko BA, Ginzburg VL , Zhdanov GS, Kadomtsev BB , Rytov SM , Smirnov BM, Fabelinskii IL , Feinberg EL , Yakovlev IA: Valentin Aleksandrovich manufacturer (Obituary) . In: Sov. Phys. Usp. tape 34 , no. 6 , 1991, pp. 549-550 , doi : 10.1070 / PU1991v034n06ABEH002391 .
  5. ↑ Физика в конспективном изложении. Часть III (accessed May 20, 2019).
personal data
SURNAME Manufacturer, Valentin Alexandrovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Фабрикант, Валентин Александрович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian physicist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH October 22, 1907
PLACE OF BIRTH Moscow
DATE OF DEATH March 3, 1991
Place of death Moscow