St. Wilhelmshütte
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The St. Wilhelmshütte was a mining industry founded in 1739 near Suttrop and Warstein . In 1873 it became part of the Warsteiner mine and steel works stock corporation . The Warsteiner and Herzoglich Schleswig-Holsteinische Eisenwerke were created through a merger in 1925 . The focus of the new companies was in Silesia . After the loss of the operations in Silesia after the Second World War , the company was renamed Warsteiner Eisenwerke . The company existed until 1967.
The hut played an important role as an employer for Warstein, Suttrop and the surrounding villages. In the first half of the 19th century the company was still one of the most important companies in the industry, but as a result of the poor geographical location in terms of transport, it fell into a deep structural crisis . The acute problems were overcome after severe cuts and the merger with other companies was a sign of a certain entrepreneurial dynamic. But growth remained limited at the Warstein-Suttrop site.
prehistory
Iron processing and production goes back to Warstein in the Middle Ages, perhaps even in the Latène period . There is evidence of remains of racing ovens in the area . The Counts of Arnsberg enfeoffed the Knights of Suttrop and later other families with a forge. In 1364 , Gottfried IV enfeoffed a Johann von Hückelheim with, among other things, the blacksmiths' works. Iron production and processing also played a role in the early modern period. During the siege of the Anabaptists in Münster in 1534/35 cannon balls from Warstein are said to have been used. The local hammer forge specialized in the manufacture of nails and pens. After the Thirty Years War , there are said to have been around 20 such production facilities in the city . Local huts supplied the necessary iron. In the Westphalian stock book it says for 1649: “Two ironworks with three stoves every 10 rtlr. From a schmitten 1 ggl. A blow shop that goes, the ertzstifft had 2 cents raw iron every week, to which 3 items charged the tenth. ”The Dutchman Jakob Forckenbeck bought a dilapidated factory in 1659 and had a steel furnace built next to it. However, unlike Forckenbeck's brass hammer, the company was unsuccessful.
First century
Matthias Gerhard von Hoesch were awarded the mining authority around Warstein in 1739 by Elector Clemens August of Bavaria . He agreed to set up iron works, hammer mills and processing plants. Hoesch received privileges for the construction of an ironworks in Suttrop Eisenhütte near Suttrop, not far from Warstein . For five years he did not have to pay a tithe and his workers were freed from basic and real burdens. In 1740 von Hoesch had an ironworks built near Suttrop near iron deposits in the Oberhagen area . The iron mine Rome ( Lage ) was directly connected to it . In 1744 he bought more land and forests. Iron was smelted and cast goods were made. As early as 1740 he had planned the construction of an iron hammer. But the project could not be completed until 1744. The hammer was erected in the direction of Belecke . The new plant was able to use the water power of the Wäster to operate the hammers and rollers. Later, von Hoesch had a second blast furnace built on the smelter site and possibly a third blast furnace elsewhere. In one, iron was melted for the iron hammers. In the other, foundry iron was produced for the iron foundry of the smelter. The third served as a reserve. With the marriage of the daughter Henritte Helene von Hoesch († 1808/09) with Heinrich Theodor von Hallberg (1725–1792) the property passed into the hands of the von Hallberg families.
In the 18th century, the company benefited from the proximity of the iron mines and from the further processing options at the hammer mills near Warstein. The charcoal supply was a problem. In 1750, von Hoesch pushed through with the sovereign that he was allowed to take the necessary cabbage wood from the sovereign brands of the Arnsberg Forest in the area. He had the right to take 26,000 loads of charcoal at affordable prices. The lordly forest administration in Arnsberg tried to hinder this and had to be specially warned by the elector to promote Hoesch. The activities of Hoesch and his Factor Nottebohm are obviously paying off, as they were among those who paid the highest taxes during the Seven Years' War in a special tax assessment by coal and steel entrepreneurs. However, the raw material deposits were insufficient and ore was obtained from the Brilon iron mountain as early as the 18th century .
| number | activity |
|---|---|
| 22nd | Miners |
| 40 | Charcoal burner |
| 8th | Hammer forge |
| 6th | Carpenter |
| 8th | Wrought |
| 18th | Blast furnace |
| 12 | Day laborer |
| 16 | Sandformer |
| 6th | Clay shaper |
| 10 | Carters |
| 20th | Stone knocker |
| 178 | total |
Friedrich August Eversmann stated in 1804 that the smelter received the ore from neighboring pits and would produce 12 quintals of cast goods and other products in 12 hours. The goods would be delivered to Bielefeld and Lippstadt .
The actual blast furnace workforce was comparatively small. But the hut gave employment to numerous other people. An indication of the great need for charcoal is the number of 40 charcoal burners that were employed by the hut. Even in the 19th century, the demand for semi-finished goods by the nail smiths from Warstein was of great importance. This home trade was mainly operated by small farmers to secure their livelihood and to preserve their property in winter.
The von Hallgarten family sold the huts and iron hammers in 1835. The new owners were Johann Kremer, Christoph Anton Koch, Wilhelm and Carl Clerck. These formed the company Kremer, Koch & Clerck. The hut was probably named St. Wilhelmshütte after the chapel on the factory premises. In the chapel there, a mass was always read before the blast furnace was blown. The construction was later canceled and rebuilt on the grounds of the psychiatric clinics .
In 1840, Wilhelm Hammacher from Dortmund acquired a quarter of the company. In the following years further shares were added and he became the defining personality of the company. The company now traded under the St. Wilhelms Hütte union. The measures to modernize the company in the following years are largely due to him.
Iron ore mines
The locally occurring ore formed the basis for the origins of iron extraction and processing. In the description of the Arnsberg, Brilon and Olpe mountain areas from 1890, it says: “In addition to the iron ore deposits described above, the iron ore mines of the Suttrop-Warsteiner Feld deserve a mention. These are partly on the border between mass limestone and Upper Devonian , partly in the latter and are mostly located in the Sauerland district field belonging to the Sauerland union. The most important of these iron ore deposits in the Sauerland district are those of the Südbruch, David, Martinus and Hirschfeld pits. These iron ore deposits occur in a hollow of mass limestone, which is covered by Upper Devonian slate ; they lead in varying thicknesses partly red - partly brown iron stones , rarely clay iron stones . (…) “ The iron content in the Südbruch mine was 30–47%, in the David mine 28–42% and in the Hirschfeld mine, which at that time already belonged to the Dortmund Union, 45%.
The oldest ore mining areas were the Feldmark, known as Rothland, southwest of Warstein. The so-called Alte Kaule located there was already in the Middle Ages until the 17th / 18th centuries. It was operated in opencast mining in the 19th century , before the mining of tunnels was started. An opencast mine was also operated in the Südbruch (today Suttrop) as early as the 16th century.
An electoral privilege that von Hoesch guaranteed the sole right to mine ore within a radius of 2 miles could not be enforced and was later not recognized by the Prussian mining authorities. Von Hoesch commissioned his first own mine in 1741. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, the main mines were in Oberhagen with the names Wilhelm and Rome. The mining was carried out according to the rules of classic mining. The tunnels were 20 to 60 m deep. These were drained by a water art .
Others did not start operating until the 19th century. Little is known about the operation in the early years. Calculations show that a lot of wood was needed to support the hanging one. They worked with a hammer and drill. The water was diverted from the Rothland pit and used to run the smelter. In 1849 the company was awarded the Sauerland mine field. This included the districts of Suttrop, Rüthen , Kallenhardt, Warstein, Meschede and partly Brilon and Nuttlar . There was competition with the Ulrich family from Brilon and the Bredelarer Hütte , which owned 21 pit fields in the district.
In 1875 the mine owned consisted of the pits.
1. in the Eisenstein district of Sauerland with Alfred and Jordan near Warstein, Hoffarth near Suttrop, Hohofen, Siebenstern am Muckenschling near Warstein and Ida near Warstein, Rome near Suttrop, David am Bilstein, Hirschberg, Jonathan near Warstein, Martinus, 1.5 km north von Warstein, Wilhelm, Kubosow near Suttrop, Moreau, Massena near Warstein, 2. The iron stone pits: Adolfine, Georg, Aloysius, Caroline, Resentment, Nicodemus, Silverus, Zuversicht, Josephine, Volmar and Philipp, acquired by contract of April 4, 1865 3. The pits: St. Christopf, Unverzagt, Gabriel and Zacharias consolidated under the name of St. Christoph. 4. The consolidated Südbruch mine, located in the Südbruch near Suttrop, 5. also 11 external pits or mine parts.
After the blast furnace was shut down in 1881, most of the pits no longer played a role. In 1899 the pits were separated from the ironworks and operated by the Sauerland union. These now delivered the ore to the Ruhr area. The Suttbruch mine was operated until 1923 and the David / Christiansglück mine even until 1949. In the 1930s, the company was even modernized with a cable car. The David mine produced over 20,000 tons of ore in 1939.
modernization
The iron industry in the Sauerland has been under strong pressure to modernize since the 1830s through new production methods. One sign of the crisis was that in 1830 only one rod hammer was still in operation in the smelter's hammer mill. Many companies have not recognized this or have not been able to adapt to it for certain reasons. For some time the high quality of the traditionally produced bar iron was still competitive. In the long run, however, the cheaper and more efficient puddling process prevailed. Companies that did not adapt sooner or later disappeared from the market. This first modernization challenge of the 19th century was mastered in the Warstein-Belecke area and the changes led to an upswing in businesses there. This led to the fact that the Warstein-Belecker Werke, together with the Hüstener Union of the Iron Industry in the Arnsberg district - even if the hut itself was officially located in the Lippstadt district - gave a considerable boost overall. In 1855, roughly as many people were employed in the metal and iron industry in the Arnsberg district as in the Siegen or Bochum districts . In contrast, the traditional mining industry focus in the district of Brilon and temporarily also in the district of Olpe lost in importance. For Warstein, the relative proximity to the coal mines in the Ruhr area had a positive effect. Nevertheless, without specialization, the companies could not compete in the developing Ruhr area with the proximity of the coal mines. Wilhelm Bergenthal and his brother-in-law Ferdinand Gabriel recognized the signs of the times very early on. Your company Gabriel & Bergenthal - the direct competitor of Warsteiner Hütte - switched to the puddling process as early as 1836.
The St. Wilhelmshütte initially did not take this step. Instead, the focus was on specializing production through the manufacture of axles in a turning shop. This is mentioned for the first time in 1844. The puddling process was introduced in 1849/50. Puddle ovens were operated in the former hammer mill. The puddling plant was operated with coal from the Ruhr area. In 1856 the company had two puddling ovens, twelve large welding fires and twelve smaller forging fires with a cylinder fan . There was also a pound hammer of 1500 pounds and two horizontal hammers of 300 and 150 pounds. There was also a stick hammer and two horizontal hammers weighing 200 and 80 pounds. There were also lathes and grinding mills. These were used to manufacture car axles and parts of railroad cars. The company benefited from the great demand that came from the expansion of the railways.
The actual steelworks had two blast furnaces. The air was supplied via cylinder blowers. In addition, there was a cinder block , two cupola furnaces , a flame furnace and a machine factory. The necessary energy was generated partly with water power and partly with steam engines . Pig iron, washing iron, castings directly from the blast furnaces, castings from the flame and cupola furnaces were produced. The castings included ovens, stoves and window frames.
Around 1861 the plant was producing 1,115 quintals of cast iron. 2568 quintals were made of puddle irons. 98,640 quintals of pig iron were produced.
| year | number |
|---|---|
| 1836 | 156 |
| 1837 | 147 |
| 1838 | 178 |
| 1843 | 206 |
| 1844 | 400 |
| 1846 | 410 |
| 1847 | 466 |
| 1860/61 | 369 |
| 1863 | 299 |
| 1864 | 339 |
| 1865 | 392 |
| 1866 | 408 |
| 1867 | 406 |
| 1868 | 448 |
| 1869 | 405 |
| 1870 | 437 |
| 1910 | 446 |
Structural problems and consolidation
With the transition to the puddling process and the specialization of production, the Warsteiner companies had successfully weathered the first adjustment crisis of the 19th century. The locational advantages of other areas, especially the neighboring Ruhr area with regard to the connection to the railroad and the cheap coal prices, however, led to a profound structural crisis in the Warsteiner area, which became noticeable from around the 1860s and continued with interruptions into the 1880s. The consequences were, at least at times, a sharp decline in the workforce and a strong trend towards emigration.
The central disadvantage of the location, especially with regard to the competition in the Ruhr area, was the poor geographical location. The actors were aware of this early on. Wilhelm Hammacher pushed for the construction of the Aktienstraße from Soest to Niederbergheim as early as the 1840s . After overcoming resistance, it was only opened in 1857 and soon fell into disrepair due to the economic crisis at the time. But the decisive factor was the distance from the railroad. In 1852, the Warsteiner entrepreneur Ferdinand Gabriel feared "that the factories located far from the railways would sooner or later be displaced by the great facilities near them and the coal fields."
Until the opening of the Westphalian State Railway from Lippstadt to Warstein in 1883, there was no rail connection. The finished products and also the operating material had to be transported by horse-drawn cart. The company also had its own large fleet of vehicles. This caused high costs. Parts of the company were no longer competitive with other plants. The rolling mill was relocated to Barop in 1862 . Other parts of the company were relocated to Soest and Lippstadt. After the Ruhr Valley Railway opened in 1875, the Warsteiner industrialists initially unsuccessfully advocated the construction of a branch line and even offered to pay for the project planning.
At times the company seemed to have recovered. The Franco-German War of 1870/71 and the associated economic situation were also beneficial for the company. 1539 tons of iron were produced, of which 1272 tons were pig iron and 266 tons were cast iron. That the crisis was not over was shown in 1873 when the majority owners Wilhelm Hammacher and August Luyken were forced to sell the company to the newly formed Warsteiner Mine and Hüttenverein. The Warsteiner Mine and Huts Association was created. Banker Eugen Schlieper from Berlin became chairman of the first general assembly and the supervisory board. Director was Bergassessor Ludwig Wilhelm von Stierenberg from Holzhausen in Homberg ( Hessen ). The new owners were some merchants and mine owners. The purchase price was 850,000 thalers. The new supervisory board decided to establish a branch in Holzhausen and to buy an associated pit.
It was not possible to fundamentally modernize the blast furnace operation at the main plant. This area was therefore closed in 1881. The hut was converted into a pure foundry. The "Sauerland" mine field also had to be leased. The company got into a serious crisis. The number of employees fell by half. The connection to the railroad in 1883 improved the operating cost situation in the longer term. But the company's acute crisis was not yet over. The initial capital of the Hüttenverein was 3,750,000 marks. A constant under-balance forced the company to sell 8,000 acres of forest, and in 1882 the capital stock was reduced to 750,000 marks. Still, the mortgage interest was not paid. The company was ultimately financially at an end. Against this background, it was converted into the Warsteiner Gruben und Hüttenwerke stock corporation.
At first glance, the restructuring appeared to be successful. The company's products were sold on the national market in the coming decades, but also in the Middle East , India and South America . In addition to other cast iron goods, the focus was increasingly on the manufacture of cooking and heating devices (ovens), sewer articles and the like.
Despite the rail connection that has now taken place, the plants remained disadvantaged. They persisted, but their growth momentum remained limited. This can be seen in the number of workers. In 1910 this was hardly higher than in the 1840s.
Social situation of the employees
The employees of the hut and the subsidiary companies came from the immediate vicinity. In 1858 a considerable number of workers came from further afield from Kallenhardt . Various specially qualified skilled workers also migrated from other regions at times. In addition to the local Catholics, there were now Protestants in the area. In the course of time there were enough local workers for qualified work so that there was hardly any influx from outside. In 1926, 176 of the 531 employees came from Suttrop and 355 from Warstein.
For a long time the wages were comparatively low and mostly not enough to secure their livelihood. In addition, there were quite often times without wages. This was the case in times of cold or lack of water, even during repairs there was no earnings. A part-time job was therefore essential for most employees. Many of the employees were house and landowners and had also leased some land. They ran their small farms after the shift. Also because of the agricultural sideline, the company was able to afford to pay relatively low wages. The wages for unqualified day laborers are said to have been 12 to 14 groschen around 1850. In 1830 miners earned between 60 and 90 pfennigs per shift, in 1866 it was 1 mark 60 to 1.80. At the height of the founding period in 1872/74 it was 3.50 to 4 marks. In the following start-up crisis in 1878, 1.80 to 2 marks were paid.
The lack of immigration to the remote area became a permanent problem for the management. In times of good economic activity, production could not simply be increased because it was hardly possible to recruit factory workers from the industrial areas. Especially the skilled workers, some of whom are well qualified, could not simply be dismissed in times of a bad economy if one did not want to lose them.
In the 20th century, agricultural sideline was still common among the working population of Suttrop. Hude cooperatives still existed until after the Second World War. The workers owned two to three goats, some had a cow. There were also pigs and chickens. In spite of the agrarian-commercial interdependence, with the establishment of a local branch of the Hirsch-Duncker trade union in 1893 for the Sauerland in Cologne, a trade union workers movement emerged early on. It is noteworthy that the predominantly Catholic workers turned to an organization outside the Catholic milieu . Later a local group of the free trade union social democratically oriented German Metalworkers' Association was founded . In contrast, the Christian trade unions played only a comparatively minor role. An important personnel basis for the unions were the works and the iron hammer of the Warsteiner mine and steel works. The fact that the labor movement was able to gain a foothold early on had to do with the fact that skilled workers were not easy to replace and the management was therefore relatively willing to compromise.
| year | Production in t | Workers | Sales in marks | Share capital | dividend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1885 | 1800 | 245 | 45,000 | 70,000 | 4.5% |
| 1895 | 2750 | 375 | 12000000 | 1050000 | 6% |
| 1905 | 5000 | 400 | 17000000 | 1450000 | 9% |
| 1915 | 3200 | 257 | 19000000 | 2100000 | 12% |
Further development
In 1910 the Oldenburg Ironworks Company in Augustfehn near Oldenburg was acquired . In this connection, the share capital was increased to 10 million marks. Even before the First World War , the company benefited from armaments contracts. This intensified even more during the First World War. Grenade detonators were produced in the iron hammer and grenades in the hut.
In 1925, the Warsteiner mine and steel works merged with several companies in Primkenau near Liegnitz . This resulted in the "Warsteiner and Herzoglich Schleswig-Holsteinische Eisenwerke". The company now consisted of the St. Wilhelmshütte near Warstein, the Eisenhammer near Warstein, the Holzhausen ironworks in Holzhausen with 208 workers (1910), the Augustfehn ironworks in Augustfehn in Oldenburg with 125 workers (1910), the Friedrich Christianshütte, the Dorotheenhütte and the Henriettenhütte in Primkenau. The number of employees in the Silesian factories in 1921 was 1200 workers and salaried employees. The company's real estate comprised 132.5 hectares. The company owned 85 single and multi-family houses for workers and employees.
This company was also badly affected by the global economic crisis . Production had to be cut back and some parts of the company were temporarily idle. Some Silesian plants and the plant in Augustfehn were closed for a long time.
Due to the demand in the course of armament during the National Socialist era , the company experienced a sharp increase in production. In the mid-1930s, it employed around 500 workers at the Warstein-Suttrop site.
Due to the war, the company lost its factories in Silesia. The main plants in Warstein and Suttrop and the plant in Holzhausen remained. They traded under Warsteiner Eisenwerke since 1948. Commercial and building cast iron as well as bathtubs were now also produced. In the 1960s, the company's ultimate demise took place for various reasons. These included falling demand, a slowdown in the general economy, and possibly mistakes in corporate governance. Operations ceased in 1967.
Individual evidence
- ^ Josef Bender: History of the City of Warstein, Werl 1844, p. 105 f.
- ↑ Stock book of the Duchy of Westphalia, excerpt of the taxes on mining, smelting and hammer works Regest online
- ^ Winfried Reininghaus, Reinhard Köhne: Mining, smelting and hammer works in the Duchy of Westphalia in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. Münster 2008 p. 402.
- ^ Text of the document in: History of the Warsteiner Gruben- und Hüttenwerke Aktiengesellschaft. Typescript, 1938, p. 16.
- ^ History of the Warsteiner Gruben- und Hüttenwerke Aktiengesellschaft. Typescript, 1938, pp. 18–21, Dietmar Lange: Warsteiner Eisenhütte founded 250 years ago. In 1967 the end came. In: Sauerland 4/1989, p. 127.
- ^ Winfried Reininghaus, Reinhard Köhne: Mining, smelting and hammer works in the Duchy of Westphalia in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. Münster 2008 p. 402.
- ^ Wilfried Reininghaus: Salt pans, mines and smelting works, trade and commerce in the Duchy of Westphalia. In: Harm Klueting (Hrsg.): The Duchy of Westphalia, Vol. 1: The Duchy of Westphalia: The Electorate of Cologne from the beginnings of Cologne rule in southern Westphalia to secularization in 1803. Münster 2009, p. 727, Stefan Gorißen: A forgotten area . Iron ore mining and metallurgy in the 18th century. In: Karl-Peter Ellerbrock / Tanja Bessler-Worbs (ed.): Economy and society in south-eastern Westphalia. Dortmund, 2001, p. 42.
- ^ History of the Warsteiner mine and smelting works. Typescript, 1938, p. 53.
- ↑ Friedrich August Eversmann: Overview of iron and steel production on waterworks in the countries between Lahn and Lippe. Dortmund 1804, p. 358.
- ^ History of the Warsteiner Gruben- und Hüttenwerke Aktiengesellschaft. Typescript, 1938, p. 53 f.
- ↑ Dietmar Lange: Warsteiner Eisenhütte founded 250 years ago. In 1967 the end came. In: Sauerland 4/1989, p. 127, Theodor Thüsing: The economic development of the Arnsberg district with special consideration of the last 50 years. Diss. Münster, 1920, p. 55, history of the Warsteiner mine and steel works corporation. Typescript, 1938, p. 96.
- ↑ Königliches Oberbergamt zu Bonn (Hrsg.): Description of the mountain areas Arnsberg, Brilon and Olpe as well as the principalities of Waldeck and Pyrmont. Bonn, 1890 p.
- ^ Marieluise Scheibner-Herzog: On the history of Warsteiner ore mining. In: Sauerland 1/2002, p. 29.
- ^ History of the Warsteiner Gruben- und Hüttenwerke Aktiengesellschaft. Typescript, 1938, pp. 31–35, Marieluise Scheibner-Herzog: On the history of Warsteiner ore mining. In: Sauerland 1/2002, p. 30 f.
- ^ Jens Hahnwald: Day laborers, workers and labor movement in the Cologne Sauerland of the 19th and 20th centuries. In: Harm Klueting (Ed.): The Duchy of Westphalia. Vol. 2, Part. 1: The former Electoral Cologne Duchy of Westphalia in the area of today's districts of Hochsauerland, Olpe, Soest and Märkischer Kreis (19th and 20th centuries). Münster 2012, p. 544, Wilfried Reininghaus: Commerce and trade in the former Duchy of Westphalia in the 19th century. In: Harm Klueting (Ed.): The Duchy of Westphalia. Vol. 2, Part. 1: The former Electoral Cologne Duchy of Westphalia in the area of today's districts of Hochsauerland, Olpe, Soest and Märkischer Kreis (19th and 20th centuries). Münster 2012, p. 428.
- ^ Wilhelm Ludwig Jakobi: The mining, metallurgy and trade in the administrative district of Arnsberg. Iserlohn 1857, p. 148, 202, history of the Warsteiner mine and steel works corporation. Typescript, 1938, p. 27 f.
- ^ Wilhelm Ludwig Jakobi: The mining, metallurgy and trade in the administrative district of Arnsberg. Iserlohn, 1857, p. 351.
- ↑ Carl Hartmann: The current position of the German iron and steel industry in statistical and economic-statistical relationship (...). Leipzig 1861, p. 77 f., P. 110.
- ^ History of the Warsteiner mine and smelting works. Typescript, 1938, p. 88 f.
- ↑ Jens Hahnwald: "Black brothers in red underwear ..." Workers and workers' movement in the Arnsberg, Brilon and Meschede districts. 1889-1914. In: Karl-Peter Ellerbrock / Tanja Bessler-Worbs (ed.): Economy and society in south-eastern Westphalia. Dortmund 2001, p. 233.
- ^ Wilfried Reininghaus: Commerce and trade in the former Duchy of Westphalia in the 19th century. In: Harm Klueting (Ed.): The Duchy of Westphalia. Vol. 2, Part. 1: The former Electoral Cologne Duchy of Westphalia in the area of today's districts of Hochsauerland, Olpe, Soest and Märkischer Kreis (19th and 20th centuries). Münster 2012, p. 422.
- ^ Dietmar Lange: Contributions to the iron industry in the Warsteiner area. In: Heimatkalender des Soest district 1988, p. 44, Dietmar Lange: Warsteiner Eisenhütte founded 250 years ago. In 1967 the end came. In: Sauerland 4/1989, p. 128, Theodor Thüsing: The economic development of the Arnsberg district with special consideration of the last 50 years. Diss. Münster, 1920, p. 56.
- ↑ Dietmar Lange: Warsteiner Eisenhütte founded 250 years ago. In 1967 the end came. In: Sauerland 4/1989, p. 127.
- ^ History of the Warsteiner Gruben- und Hüttenwerke Aktiengesellschaft. Typescript, 1938, p. 96.
- ↑ Dietmar Lange: Warsteiner Eisenhütte founded 250 years ago. In 1967 the end came. In: Sauerland 4/1989, p. 127, History of Warsteiner Gruben- und Hüttenwerke Aktiengesellschaft. Typescript, 1938, p. 97.
- ^ Dietmar Lange: Contributions to the iron industry in the Warsteiner area. In: Heimatkalender des Soest district 1988, p. 43, Theodor Thüsing: The economic development of the Arnsberg district with special consideration of the last 50 years. Diss. Münster, 1920, p. 56.
- ^ History of the Warsteiner Gruben- und Hüttenwerke Aktiengesellschaft. Typescript, 1938, p. 54.
- ^ History of the Warsteiner Gruben- und Hüttenwerke Aktiengesellschaft. Typescript, 1938, p. 58 f.
- ^ History of the Warsteiner Gruben- und Hüttenwerke Aktiengesellschaft. Typescript, 1938, p. 114.
- ↑ "I don't think the matter will have any meaning for Suttrop ..." Over 100 years of trade unions in Suttrop. Arnsberg 1992, pp. 17–25, cf. Jens Hahnwald: Day laborers, workers and workers' movement in the Cologne Sauerland of the 19th and 20th centuries. In: Harm Klueting (Ed.): The Duchy of Westphalia. Vol. 2, Part. 1: The former Electoral Cologne Duchy of Westphalia in the area of today's districts of Hochsauerland, Olpe, Soest and Märkischer Kreis (19th and 20th centuries). Münster 2012, pp. 568-570.
- ^ Theodor Thüsing: The economic development of the Arnsberg district with special consideration of the last 50 years. Diss. Münster, 1920, p. 57.
- ↑ "I don't think the matter will have any meaning for Suttrop ..." Over 100 years of trade unions in Suttrop. Arnsberg 1992, p. 28.
- ^ History of the Warsteiner Gruben- und Hüttenwerke Aktiengesellschaft. Typescript, 1938, pp. 99-106.
- ↑ Hans Braun: The landscapes at the upper middle ruhr between Olsberg and Neheim. The north-eastern outskirts of the Sauerland. Emsdetten 1936, p. 57.
- ^ Dietmar Lange: Contributions to the iron industry in the Warsteiner area. In: Heimatkalender des Soest district 1988, p. 40, Dietmar Lange: Warsteiner Eisenhütte founded 250 years ago. In 1967 the end came. In: Sauerland 4/1989, p. 129.
literature
- History of the Warsteiner Gruben- und Hüttenwerke Aktiengesellschaft. Typescript, 1938 [Presumably from Director Gustav Simon. A copy can be found in the Westfälisches Wirtschaftsarchiv Dortmund F28 / 14, the page numbering here follows the Word document and not the original for reasons of traceability], Word document available
- Dietmar Lange: Contributions to the iron industry in the Warsteiner area. In: Heimatkalender des Kreis Soest 1988, pp. 38–44.
- Dietmar Lange: Warsteiner Eisenhütte founded 250 years ago. In 1967 the end came. In: Sauerland 4/1989, pp. 127–129.
- Suttroper reading book. 2nd edition Warstein, 2003 digital version (PDF; 4.8 MB).
- “I don't think the matter will have any meaning for Suttrop…” Over 100 years of trade unions in Suttrop. Arnsberg, 1992.
Web links
- The St. Wilhelmshütte wrote Warsteiner's industrial history
- Warsteiner Weg der Montangeschichte (with additional literature to download)
- Holdings in the Westphalian Economic Archives in Dortmund