Oberhagen
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Oberhagen nature reserve
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 View of the NSG Oberhagen from the Warstein town mountain |
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| location | Warstein , North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany | |
| surface | 14 ha | |
| Identifier | SO-017 | |
| WDPA ID | 164892 | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 27 ' N , 8 ° 22' E | |
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| Setup date | 1985 | |
| administration | Lower landscape authority of the Soest district | |
The Oberhagen is a 13 hectare nature reserve (NSG) in the east of the North Rhine-Westphalian city of Warstein (between the city center and the district of Suttrop ). In 1985 and again in 2005 it was designated as a NSG by regulation by the Arnsberg district government .
Most of the Oberhagen area is covered with mixed deciduous forests (mainly English oak and hornbeam ). Special attention has been paid to the area for over a hundred years for its abundance of various protected plant species. The Turkish lily ( Lilium martagon ) deserves a special mention here, of which over 2000 specimens were found in 2006.
description
In front of the forested nature reserve Oberhagen there is a small, rough meadow in front of it, which is not part of the nature reserve, but is under special protection as a biotope according to § 62 Landscape Act of North Rhine-Westphalia .
An asphalt road runs through the Oberhagen. South of the road is the smaller part (approx. 2 hectares) of the nature reserve, made up of deciduous forest. In this part there are traces of historical mining, especially pinging .
The part of the Oberhagen north of the road is characterized by a very varied landscape despite its modest dimensions . In addition to the flat deciduous forest between the edge of the quarry and the daytime openings of the “Rome” pit, there are areas that slope quite steeply to the north, which lead to a meadow surrounded by bushes at the edge of the nature reserve. In the northwest corner is the striking rock formation of the Hohe Stein, which can be found in the oldest drawings of the town of Warstein. A wall stretches to the northeast, separating Oberhagen from the site of the former Warsteiner ironworks . The Treisquelle rises at the northeast corner of the Oberhagen . From here the somewhat more remote part of the Oberhagen joins towards the east. A bunker door can be seen in a small rock wall, which probably belonged to an explosives bunker of the former quarry operations to the east.
Approx. 170 m west of the NSG Oberhagen, a small area has been spared limestone mining. This area, only about 1600 m² in size (recently called Unterhagen ), houses a flora similar to that of Oberhagen. Special features here are larger occurrences of the barberry and a relic occurrence of the Turk's cap lily (2006: 15 specimens).
Importance for nature conservation
The special importance of the small forest area was recognized over a hundred years ago. Above all, the Warsteiner local researcher Bernhard Wiemeyer dealt intensively with the flora and fauna of the Oberhagens. He owes detailed descriptions of the Oberhagen from around 1900, when the Oberhagen was not yet affected by the quarry.
Before the stone quarrying on the edge of the Warstein city center continued to expand, the wooded Oberhagen and a large limestone meadow rose side by side from the valley of the Wester river to a level of approx. 60 m above the valley floor. This juxtaposition of meadow and light hornbeam-oak forest caused the development of a rich herb layer in the transition areas between forest and meadow. Even after the almost complete destruction of the poor meadow, characteristic plant species could be preserved in the edge area of the forest, even spreading to the new forest edges (at the break edge) created by the limestone mining.
Characteristic plants of the NSG Oberhagen:
Trees: English oak ( Quercus robur ), hornbeam ( Carpinus betulus ), sessile oak ( Quercus petraea ), common beech ( Fagus sylvatica ), ash ( Fraxinus excelsior ), field maple ( Acer campestre ), Norway maple ( Acer platanoides ), Mountain ash ( Sorbus aucuparia ), horse chestnut ( Aesculus hippocastanum )
Shrubs: Common Snowball ( Viburnum opulus ), spindle tree ( Euonymus europaea ), honeysuckle ( Lonicera xylosteum ), black currant ( Ribes nigrum ), Midland Hawthorn ( Crataegus laevigata ), blood dogwood ( Cornus sanguinea ), raspberry ( Rubus idaeus ), Black Elder ( Sambucus nigra ), ivy ( Hedera helix ), gooseberry ( Ribes uva-crispa ), single hawthorn ( Crataegus monogyna ), common hazel ( Corylus avellana ),
Krautschicht: Mercurialis perennis ( Mercurialis perennis ), forest-orchard grass ( Dactylis polygama ) Arum maculatum ( Arum maculatum ), spiked devil's claw ( Phyteuma spicatum ), forest-violet ( Viola reichenbachiana ), forest-hawkweed ( Hieracium murorum ) mountain Golden nettle ( Lamium montanum ), stendelwurzen ( Epipactis ), whorled white root ( Polygonatum verticillatum , RL 99), multi-flowered white root ( Polygonatum multiflorum ), common carnation ( Geum urbanum ), sanicle ( Sanicula europaea , RL 99), grove bluegrass ( Poa nemoralis ), forest strawberry ( Fragaria vesca ), woodruff ( Galium odoratum ), lungwort ( Pulmonaria officinalis ), spring pea ( Lathyrus vernus , RL 99), wall lettuce ( Mycelis muralis ), lily of the valley ( Convallaria majalis , RL 99), Three-veined chickweed ( Moehringia trinervia ), Ruprecht's herb ( Geranium robertianum ), Fuchs's groundwort ( Senecio ovatus ), gnarled figwort ( Scrophularia nodosa ), ground elder ( Aegopodium podagraria ), giant B ärenklau ( Heracleum mantegazzianum ), baneberry ( Actea spicata , RL 99), Yellow Anemone ( Anemone ranunculoides , RL 99) circaea lutetiana ( Circaea lutetiana ) Buschwindröschen ( Anemone nemorosa ), Herb Paris ( Paris quadrifolia , RL 99), male fern ( Dryopteris filix-mas ), forest sedge ( Carex sylvatica ), lady fern ( Athyrium filix-femina ), forest ziest ( Stachys sylvatica ), single-flowered pearl grass ( Melica uniflora ), nodding pearl grass ( Melica nutans , RL 99), mountain willow-herb ( Epilobium montanum ), forest barley ( Hordelymus europaeus , RL 99), bird's nest root ( Neottia nidus-avis , RL 99), forest fescue ( Festuca altissima , RL 99), Turkish lily ( Lilium martagon , RL)
The large areas of the former iron ore mine "Rome" with their two large and very deep pings or daytime openings form an interesting extreme location. Various ferns and mosses can be found here, but due to the inaccessibility and danger of the place where they grow, they have not yet been investigated in more detail. Typical here is the extensive vegetation with the thorny shield fern ( Polystichum aculeatum ), which is mainly found on the pinging walls, but also grows in smaller stocks on the edge of the pinging.
The interesting fauna described by B. Wiemeyer at the beginning of the 20th century has largely disappeared. Wiemeyer names z. B. Fire salamanders and smooth snakes . Fire salamanders are likely to still occur, but the mass distribution of salamander larvae in the version of the Treisequelle, mentioned in Wiemeyer, can no longer be observed. The eagle owl has been observed on the disused quarry wall of the quarry to the west for several years . Since the eagle owl stood in the way of the dismantling plans, an attempt was made to relocate its breeding site. In 2006, therefore, no brood of eagle owls was observed at the traditional breeding site. The eagle owl did not accept the replacement breeding site. Instead, it successfully brooded (3 to 4 young) in a place in the rock face that has not been published for reasons of protection.
Historical meaning
It is above all the iron ore mining in the area of the Oberhagen nature reserve and its immediate surroundings that makes Oberhagen interesting from a historical point of view. In 1364 Johann was of Hückelheim with a forging invested . This is likely to have been the first documented ironworks in the Warstein area. Everything speaks for the fact that this first Warsteiner ironworks was at the foot of the Oberhagens.
Interesting in this context is the question of the mining industry background to the late medieval city foundations in the northern Sauerland . The small town of Eversberg in the Ruhr Valley (east of Meschede ), founded by the Count of Arnsberg in 1242 , minted its own coins. Field archaeological observations have shown that the material basis of the Eversberg coins probably comes from the immediate vicinity. Traces of silver smelting were found just a few kilometers from Eversberg. The founding of Eversberg has so far posed a number of puzzles to historians for various reasons - if there was a concrete economic (mining) background, that would give a little clarity about the motivation of the Counts of Arnsberg for founding the city.
1296 have now been Belecke (document from this year is with copies before), Warstein and Kallenhardt (date of incorporation from the safe Belecker date to open up) from Cologne Archbishop Siegfried of Westerburg with city rights provided. It is possible that these city surveys were to a large extent motivated by mining. In the Belecke area there are deposits of lead ore , in the vicinity of Kallenhardt's iron ore and lead ore, in the Warstein area mainly iron ore, but also deposits of copper and lead. The Warsteiner Stadtberg, on which the town of Warstein was built in the early 14th century, is located on the opposite side of the valley and virtually "guards" the site of the former ironworks.
An ( geosted ) map from 1630 shows a tunnel entrance with a door frame in the Oberhagen area . Nothing is currently known about the smelting operation, which must have been connected with it.
In 1739 the " Eisenhütte zu Suttrop " was founded by Matthias Gerhard von Hoesch . This ironworks also benefited from the excellent ore (40 to 60% iron) of the so-called “Rom” mine in Oberhagen.
In the nature reserve Oberhagen can see the historic mining still many above-ground tracks: Old out paths to the dilapidated adit entrances , pinging, trial pits , but especially the two major daily openings of the pit "Rome". Underground tunnels and shafts are still accessible through the large day openings and illegally accessible. Particularly impressive is the water-bearing "Rome tunnel", which collects and drains the water that escapes from the pit ( water solution tunnel ).
Big ping of the abandoned iron ore mine "Rome" in the NSG Oberhagen
Map from 1630, recognizable: The Oberhagen area with the tunnel mouth hole and ironworks
Extraction chamber of the former "Rome" mine
So-called "Rome tunnel" for the pit drainage of the former "Rome" pit
Danger
The massive quarrying of stone in the past has destroyed large areas of the Oberhagen nature reserve (but at the same time created a rare habitat for various animals). This stone quarrying was stopped by a court order in the 1970s after dangerous stones had repeatedly fallen into the very close residential area of the town of Warstein. After the end of the dismantling, there were disruptions mainly due to leisure activities, vandalism and illegal waste dumping.
For several years now, the city of Warstein and private investors have been planning to build a shopping center in the former quarry. In this area, further traffic projects are planned for the future: the bypass of the city of Warstein, an inner-city street and the relocated track of the industrial railway . The planning of the shopping center, especially its parking area, will shift the traffic projects right up to the wall of the disused quarry. The approx. 50 m high wall poses a danger, as stones keep loosening from it and falling into the terrain below. Therefore it is currently planned to secure the wall by flattening it. As a result, 30 to 36 m in depth would be lost at the upper edge, a total of approx. 6,500 m² is to be dismantled. In addition, there are further interventions in the forest as part of the accompanying landscape maintenance plan , which should create a forest mantle on the newly created edge and provide clearing of the currently dense beech forest. The total depth of engagement will thus be almost 60 m in places.
In November 2005 the “Initiative Oberhagen” was founded to counter these efforts.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Regulatory authority ordinance establishing the nature reserve "Oberhagen" in the Arnsberg administrative region of October 27, 2005. (PDF) In: Official Journal for the Arnsberg administrative region. November 12, 2005, pp. 407-410 , accessed December 28, 2016 .
Web links
- "Oberhagen" nature reserve in the specialist information system of the State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection in North Rhine-Westphalia
