Forest sedge

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Forest sedge
Forest sedge (Carex sylvatica)

Forest sedge ( Carex sylvatica )

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae)
Genre : Sedges ( Carex )
Type : Forest sedge
Scientific name
Carex sylvatica
Huds.

The forest sedge ( Carex sylvatica ) is a variegated sedge within the sourgrass family (Cyperaceae). It is one of the most common sedges in coniferous and deciduous forests and their margins in Europe and Asia .

description

The forest sedge is a hibernating green, perennial, herbaceous plant that reaches heights between 20 and 70, sometimes up to 190 centimeters. The forest sedge does not form runners, but medium-sized clumps , which in turn can form loose lawns. The stems grow upright, are often overhanging, triangular, smooth and half-leafed up.

Foliage leaves

The leaves are divided into leaf sheath and leaf blade. The lowest leaf sheaths are white to light brown and not frayed. The Ligule (ligule) are about 2 millimeters long. The leaf blades are grass green, linear, keeled and 3 to 8 millimeters wide. They're rough around the edges and nerves.

Habitus
Male ear
Stem with leaf sheath
The leaves are folded twice.
Female ear
Hose with cover sheet

It is a variegated sedge. The lower bracts of the inflorescence are foliage -like and usually shorter than the inflorescence. The long, narrow inflorescence contains three to eight long and thinly stalked, mostly nodding ears . The upper one or two spikes are the male flowers , the lower cylindrical the female flowers. The husks have a thorn tip. They are whitish to light brown with a broad green central stripe. They are 3 to 5 millimeters long. The ovaries are three pitted . The fruit sacs are slightly longer than the husks, green to brown, about 4 to 5 millimeters long and 1.5 millimeters wide. They are glabrous and narrow into the two-toothed beak. The caryopsis (a special form of the nut fruit ) is triangular, brown and about 2.5 millimeters long.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 58.

Possible confusion

Forest sedge ( Carex sylvatica ), right, and thin-eared sedge ( Carex strigosa ), left

The forest sedge can be confused with the thin-eared sedge ( Carex strigosa ), which is similar in its outer shape and has 4 to 8 millimeters wide, always bare leaves . Their lower bracts are leaf-like.

ecology

The forest sedge is an evergreen, densely grassed, medium-sized clump forming hemicryptophyte with a rhizome but without runners . The vegetative reproduction takes place with the help of the rhizome.

The flowering period in Central Europe ranges from April or May to June or July, depending on the location. The pollination is carried by the wind ( anemophily ). The utriculi can either be spread by the wind ( anemochory ) or, because of their beak teeth, are subject to Velcro spreading and stick to animals. It is also possible to spread as rainworms. Fruit ripening is from July to September.

The forest sedge is a shade plant . It grows in deep shade, but occasionally also in lighter areas. Their ecological focus is on moderately moist, moderately acidic and moderately nitrogen-rich soils. It is not salt bearing. It is a cheesecloth plant and often an indicator of water draft or soil compaction.

Occurrence

The forest sedge occurs from Europe to Iran and North Africa. In eastern North America it is considered a neophyte . It occurs much more frequently in southern Germany than in the northern part. In the Allgäu Alps it rises on the Heidenkopf near Balderschwang in Bavaria up to 1680 m above sea level.

The forest sedge ( Carex sylvatica ) grows, as the common name and the botanical name already suggest, in damp, shady noble deciduous forests ( Querco-Fagetea ) and other moist deciduous and mixed forests, on forest paths and bushes. It is a type of character of the Fagetalia order and occurs mainly in the more humid forms of society.

Systematics

One can distinguish the following subspecies:

  • Carex sylvatica subsp. latifrons (VIKrecz.) Ö.Nilsson : It occurs from Turkey to the western Caucasus.
  • Carex sylvatica subsp. paui (herdsmen) A.Bolòs & O.Bolòs : It occurs in northeastern Spain, in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia.
  • Carex sylvatica subsp. sylvatica : It occurs from Europe to Iran and in North Africa.

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literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Forest Sedge. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ Jürke Grau , Bruno P. Kremer, Bodo M. Möseler, Gerhard Rambold, Dagmar Triebel: Grasses. Sweet grasses, sour grasses, rushes and grass-like families in Europe (=  Steinbach's natural guide ). New, edit. Special edition edition. Mosaik, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-576-10702-9 .
  3. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 189 .
  4. ↑ a b c d Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  5. ^ Heinz Ellenberg, HE Weber, R. Düll, V. Wirth, W. Werner, D. Paulißen: Pointer values ​​of plants in Central Europe (= Scripta Geobotanica. 18). Erich Goltze, Göttingen, 1992, ISBN 3-88452-518-2 .
  6. ↑ a b c d e Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Carex sylvatica. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 25, 2016.
  7. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 276.

Web links

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