Licking
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Licking
City of Warstein
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| Height : | 259 (246-372) m |
| Area : | 14.59 km² |
| Residents : | 5481 (Jan. 1, 2017) |
| Population density : | 376 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 1975 |
| Postal code : | 59581 |
| Area code : | 02902 |
  Location of the district in Warstein
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 Aerial photograph (2014)
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Belecke has been part of the town of Warstein in the Soest district in North Rhine-Westphalia ( Germany ) since 1975 . As of January 1, 2017, it had 5,481 inhabitants. The place lies between the Haarstrang in the north and the Sauerland in the south on the Möhne . The center of the village is at an altitude of 255 meters above sea level.
geography
Geographical location
Belecke is located in the Arnsberg Forest Nature Park at the confluence of the Wester in the Möhne and on the northern edge of the Sauerland to the north adjoining Haarstrang and the Westphalian Bay . The urban area of Beleckes is divided into the forest-covered south and the unwooded north (Haarstrang) . The river Möhne forms the border between the two landforms. The Haarstrang forms the border between the natural spatial unit “335 Nordsauerländer Oberland” in the south and the unit “542 Hellwegbörden” north of the Haarstrang.
The highest point at 372 m above sea level is the Butterberg 3 km southwest of the village (51 ° 28'07 "north and 8 ° 18'19" east), the lowest point 246 m in the Möhnetal 0.5 km south-west of Welschenbeck (51 ° 29 ′15 ″ north and 8 ° 19′11 ″ east).
Neighboring places
Beleckes neighboring towns, starting clockwise in the north: Uelde , Effeln , Drewer , Suttrop , Warstein , Sichtigvor and Mülheim .
climate
The annual mean temperature in the Beleck city area is between 8.4 ° C and 7.7 ° C. The coldest month is January with an average temperature of −0.1 ° C to +0.7 ° C. The hottest month is July, here the mean is 15.7 ° C to 16.4 ° C. The lowest absolute temperatures are measured due to the cold air lakes (inversion) in the Möhne and Westertal. The absolute maximum values are probably reached on the upper Beckerhaan because of the south-facing slope and the thermals. This area is the warmest region in Belecke.
Precipitation is highly dependent on the location. At the DWD precipitation station, in the center of Belecke, there was 903.4 mm of precipitation. On the Haar it was around 960 mm, on the Butterberg approx. 1025 mm and in the Möhnetal east of Belecke around 890 mm. These differences are due to the topography and the associated leeward and windward effects. In winter, the differences between Butterberg and Möhnetal are particularly great. In summer, however, the difference is not so clear, as most of the precipitation falls to the ground in the form of thunderstorms and showers, which are fairly evenly distributed.
The duration of sunshine in the Beleck city area is fairly evenly distributed at around 1440 hours. The number of snow days with a snow depth of> = 1 cm is between 42 and 56 days, depending on the altitude.
All values given relate to the mean 1961–1990. Compared to these mean values, the mean values for the years 1981–2010 have changed as follows. The annual mean rose to 8.3 ° C to 9.1 ° C, the January mean to 0.6 ° C to 1.3 ° C and the July mean to 16.7 ° C to 17.5 ° C. The annual precipitation rose to 950 mm to 1087 mm. The number of snow days decreased to 32 to 47 days and the duration of sunshine has increased slightly to 1504 hours.
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Average temperatures and precipitation values (1961–1990)
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history
Belecke is mentioned for the first time in 938. In that year, Belecke came into the focus of imperial history for a single day: In 938 an alliance of various nobles who saw their rights curtailed came about: Franconian Duke Eberhard , Wichmann the Elder. Ä. and Thankmar - a half-brother of Otto I. - allied. Eberhard and Thankmar conquered Belecke Castle, where Thankmar's half-brother Heinrich (brother of Otto I) was staying. Heinrich was taken prisoner. The insurgents moved on to Eresburg ( Obermarsberg ), which they captured. In July 938 Otto moved with an army to the Eresburg. Tradition reports the following events: The castle garrison recognized the overwhelming power of the besiegers and opened the gates. Thankmar had fled to St. Peter's Church, where the army pursued him. He put his weapons and his gold necklace on the altar of the church - which can probably be interpreted as a sign of submission. Nevertheless, the fight was carried into the church - an enormity according to medieval understanding. Thankmar was killed there by throwing a spear through a window behind the altar, i.e. from outside the church. The uprising collapsed.
Belecke was subsequently designated as an imperial or imperial church property. During the immaturity of King Heinrich IV, the property passed to Archbishop Anno II of Cologne, who gave the tithe there to the monasteries of Siegburg and Grafschaft.
These early mentions of Belecke refer without exception to a castle that was certainly located on today's Stadtberg, the old town of Beleck, as a spur fortification . There is also an interesting hallway name : Altenbelecke. This means an area on the northern edge of the Möhnetals in ideal village location: In the source area of a small stream (the Selbke) protected against west wind, south-facing slope. The original settlement of Belecke / Baduliki can be assumed here. (Not to be confused with today's Silbkestrasse on Silbkebach, which rises in the Belecker Stadtwald.) Belecke - handed down in various forms of name (Baduliki, Badiliki, Badilikki, Patelecke, Badelecca) - appears in a few documents from the High Middle Ages , interestingly twice in the falsified founding document of the Grafschaft monastery , allegedly in 1072 by Archbishop Anno II of Cologne, once in the text of the document (Badelecche, then in the addendum of approx. 1200 Badelike). Belecke belonged to the Grafschaft monastery near Schmallenberg from 1072 until the secularization in 1803.
Shortly after 1120 (probably 1127) the Grafschaft monastery in Belecke founded a provost's office on the Stadtberg. Was first mentioned in a Probst in Belecke the year 1244, which will appear in 1270 Provost as with the monastery County connected, whose abbot uses the provost.
On 12./16. December 1296, Archbishop Siegfried II of Westerburg , Archbishop of Cologne , gives Belecke city rights . This document has been received and has translated the following text: To all who see this document and hear about it, we, Siegfried by God's grace, Archbishop St. Cologne Church, Arch Chancellor of St. Empire in Italy, according to Our will, and confess to those present: Our and the Cologne church, the city of Bedelke, which is only newly founded, should achieve the right and intended freedom and prosperity all the better. To our church and to our loyal citizens there who inhabit this city, we will give our accustomed favor and goodwill. The city itself and our citizens in it, whom we just mentioned, receive from us their freedom and rights in all things that our city and citizens in Ruden (Rüthen) have received from the Cologne church, from our predecessors and us, as is well known. We add this in particular: Anyone who has entered our city, which is a new planting, in order to remain in it and has become a citizen in it, should be free without further ado, whatever class, origin or gender he is, and not to anybody People apart from us and the Cologne Church - just as our other citizens in our other cities have always been obliged to serve according to the civil rights of our Cologne Church. And he should always enjoy the freedom that we hereby grant this city from our authority. But if one of our named citizens or one of them should harm or compel against our destiny, in his life or in his good, he should know that he will definitely be angry with our and the Cologne Church. To confirm this, We have had our seal placed under this document. Given at Soest on December 16, 1296
Most likely, town charter documents for the neighboring villages of Kallenhardt and Warstein were also issued on the same day , but these have not been preserved. Siegfried traveled to Westphalia in the late autumn / winter of 1296, where he married Young Count Wilhelm, the heir of the County of Arnsberg , to Beatrix, the daughter of the Counts Conrad and Mechtilde von Rietberg . The town charter, issued in Soest , is available in a later copy. However, there was obviously no expansion of the village. Archbishop Siegfried died on April 7th, 1297, just three months after the "foundation" of the city of Belecke. His successor Archbishop Wigbold von Holte (1297–1304) pursued other political goals. Only the second successor of Siegfried, Heinrich II. Von Virneburg (1304 / 06-1332), took up the territorial consolidation policy of his predecessor again. In a document from 1307, the archbishop stipulated that the town of Belecke should now be built and fortified on the mountain. In 1307 the Provost of Beleck was given the right to eat by the Archbishop of Cologne.
A commemoration and church services still remind us of the “storm day” at the time of the Soest feud on the Wednesday before Pentecost. On this day in 1448, the Belecker successfully fended off an attack by the Soester . In 1703 the first big city fire occurred. In 1599 the plague struck the place, over half of the residents fell victim to the plague. In order to enable a functioning social system again, men and women were allowed to move into the city without paying the usual citizen benefits.
During the Thirty Years' War the place was repeatedly damaged by billeting of various troops, mainly marauding mercenaries of the Protestant Alliance and the Catholic League. Hessian marauders slaughtered women, children and old people in 1636, in the same year the plague broke out again and claimed many victims. In 1712 the Belecker rifle system was renewed to become the "Belecke Citizens' Rifle Society". During the second and last great city fire on April 13, 1805, 2/3 of the entire city burned down. The reconstruction shaped the face of the place today. The arable houses were more distant from each other than before and the streets were laid out broad. A house inscription from this time says: Let the glory ring out loudly for the Creator who built this beautiful city and now looks with holy pleasure at all his works. Let us not forget our brothers, please by helping them, by consolation, let us not be presumptuous in happiness and not despaired in misfortune! During this time there were also major changes in the field of justice and politics. When the new property tax system was introduced in 1807, land registers replaced the previous tax collection with appraisals . Because of the war burdens still to be paid and also because of growing state and municipal tasks, citizens' taxes, livestock and trade taxes were added. Until then, the citizens elected honorary mayors, who were replaced by Hessian-Darmstadt officials. The Belecke Judicial Office replaced the previous municipal jurisdiction.
The first pharmacy opened in 1808 and the first post office in 1828.
In 1921 the "Belecke Catholic Journeyman Association" was founded, which in 1933 was renamed the "Kolping Family Belecke". The volunteer fire brigade has existed since 1924.
Belecke was a member of the Hanse 3rd class / order ( Rüthen 2nd class, Soest 1st class). Nevertheless agriculture prevailed, there was hardly any trade or handicraft. The economy improved in 1911 when the Siepmann works in Belecke opened; after 1945 other large companies such as AEG were added. Due to the jobs created, the population of Belecke tripled, also due to the influx of many guest workers , primarily from Italy , as well as people from the Ruhr area. In 1970 Belecke had over 7,100 inhabitants.
In 1872 the telegraph was installed. The old rifle hall was inaugurated in 1899 and burned down in 1942. In 1915, Belecke received electricity. Back then there were only three light bulbs in each house.
In 1934 the Kaiser-Heinrich-Bad on the Külbe was built. Due to this old Kaiser Heinrich brine spring , Belecke was a spa until the 1960s and was called "Bad Belecke". The spring only gushes very slightly. The drinkable healing water is still freely accessible to everyone in the spring house in front of the historic bathing building opposite the mighty Külbensteinen.
Since the municipal reorganization that came into effect on January 1, 1975, Belecke has been the largest district in the city of Warstein. Until then, Belecke was an independent town in the former Arnsberg district. In 2004 a bypass was completed.
Population development
politics
coat of arms
The coat of arms shows Saint Pancratius .
In the silver shield you can see the bust of St. Pankratius in a red cloak, in his right hand he is holding a lowered sword.
The oldest seal in the city (1401) shows the youthful figure of the patron saint, whose robe is almost invisible. This erroneously became a female figure in later seals.
Attractions
- On the occasion of the 1050th anniversary of the place in 1988, a sculpture was put up on storm day of the following year. The artist Frijo Müller-Belecke made the six stylized oak trees, in whose branches the city's history is shown in detail. Specifically, the city was founded in 1296, the Soest feud in 1448 and the great city fire of 1805. Otherwise, Belecke is referred to as a traffic junction, as a location of important industries and crafts and agriculture in the village.
- War memorial : This memorial was erected in 1900 in memory of those who fell in the wars of 1866 and 1870/1871 . In 1919, the names of those killed in the First World War were added. In 2002, the memorial was expanded to include granite steles on which the names of those who fell in World War II are noted. The memorial shows a portrait bust of Kaiser Wilhelm I. On the reverse is the inscription: The grateful city of Belecke their warriors .
- The Stütings Mill was used as a grain and sawmill from 1307 to 1963 . The Archbishop of Cologne granted the provost von Belecke the right to mill in 1307. The Stüting family, after whom the mill is named, took over it in 1813. In 1994 the turbine was overhauled. In the neighboring building (formerly the fruit barn) is now the city library of the city of Warstein. The mill wheel was restored by a working group of the Heimatverein in 1984; the working group repaired the only water-powered horizontal gate in the Sauerland in 1987. The turbine and generator could be renewed and put back into operation in 1994. About 130,000 kWh are generated.
- The former city center of the village was previously fortified by a wall and accessed through four city gates. Most of the old city wall of Belecke was demolished after the fire in 1805 to build cellars, but parts are still visible today. A piece of the city wall could be renovated on the occasion of the 1050th anniversary of the city.
- Old town: Although large parts of the old town were destroyed in the fire, some buildings, some from 1670, are still standing on narrow, winding streets today. First and foremost, there are 20 houses north of the church on narrow and crooked streets. The oldest buildings are the Hagemann / Frönnes family from around 1670 and the Gödde / Meiers house from around 1700. The new buildings after the town fire were built on wider streets at right angles to one another.
- City Museum Treasury Propstei : The only museum in town is on the Propsteiberge. It was set up in cooperation with the City of Warstein in 1992 in the parish's former rectory. The subjects of the exhibition are the history of the town and church in Beleck, as well as church and liturgical themes, and the history of the monasteries in the Sauerland. The city book from the 16th century, which contains the oldest version of the Belecker city book, the guild chest and the rifle silver of the Bürgererschützengesellschaft are noteworthy. A sculpture depicts the Archbishop of Cologne Anno II ; he is wearing a model of the provost church from the baroque period. The next section of the permanent collection is devoted to Archbishop Anno II of Cologne, who appeared in Grafschaft as the founder of the abbey in 1072 and was also highly venerated in Belecke as the founder of the provost's office. The sculpture exhibited here by the archbishop, who also acted as a self-confident Reich politician, shows him with a model of the baroque provost church, the new building of which dates from 1748/49. The painting collection includes two paintings showing the medieval anno shrine ; a portrait of Grafschafter Abbot Edmund Rustige rounds off the collection of paintings. Examples of the extensive veneration of saints in the Baroque period are shown in the section on the veneration of saints, in which a replica of the miraculous image in Werl and a pietà from the 15th century are on display. In the collection of liturgical vestments from the 17th and 18th centuries, a black robe from the parish church of St. Gervasius and Protasius in Altenrüthen stands out. The passion of Jesus is depicted in filigree embroidery made of silver wire. The robe, as well as a ponitif regalia of the abbots of Grafschaft, dates from the 18th century. In the treasury there are several liturgical implements from the 15th to 18th centuries, such as monstrances, chalices and cibories. The abbot's chalice from 1509 and the large monstrance from the beginning of the 18th century are unique in this area. In the eastern part there is also a small, baroque chapel. This so-called abbot's chapel used to be used by monks for choral prayer. The central picture in the baroque altar from the beginning of the 18th century shows the Saints Scholastica, John Nepomuk, John the Baptist, Benedict and Scholastica.
- Provost church of St. Pankratius : After the town was founded, the desire to have its own parish church arose; the walk to the church in Altenrüthen took over an hour. At that time the provost church already existed, but it only served the purposes of the Grafschaft monastery and purely religious purposes. This church became parish provost church and the provost became parish provost. The provost probably formed a kind of sub-monastery with the monastery in Grafschaft, the provost in Belecke was referred to several times as monasterium belike . The church remained the property of the monastery and the tower became the property of the city. The tower served as a defense tower and last refuge. This is also where the guns and water buckets were temporarily kept for extinguishing. As a three-tower, Gothic church, the church was built in the 13th or 14th century. Only the west tower, an old defensive tower around 1100, has been preserved to this day, the top of which had to be replaced after a lightning strike in the baroque period. The old church tower has had today's baroque onion helmet since 1682. The nave was rebuilt from 1749 to 1750 and consecrated on June 8, 1753.
- Old City Hall: The City Hall was only built after the great city fire in 1805, because the previous City Hall, in which the Soest flag captured on the day of the storm was also stored, was destroyed by the flames. The baroque new building now houses u. a. a home parlor and was renovated in 2008.
- The half-timbered houses at Böttcherstraße 22 were built uniformly after the town fire in 1805 on the instructions of the Hessian state government, the gable sides face the street and the transverse Deelen face the courtyard.
- Christ Church: The Protestant parish church was consecrated in 1953. Six years later the rectory and a youth home were added. All northern Warsteiner districts and some Rüthener places belong to the parish of Beleck . In 2003 the 50th anniversary was celebrated and the facade was renovated.
- Holy Cross Church : This Catholic church is the youngest in town. The cross-shaped church was consecrated on October 7, 1961.
- House Welschenbeck : House Welschenbeck is a former aristocratic residence and offers the scenic highlight of Beleckes with a pond and large garden area. The former Welschenbeck Castle has been a knight's seat since around 1220. This old moated castle was destroyed during the Soest feud (1445). Only part of it - the Welschenbeck house - has been preserved.
- Kaiser-Heinrich-Bad : The building was erected in 1934 after some unemployed musicians tapped the source. It was discovered in the Middle Ages , but covered again in the middle of the 19th century by road construction works and dried up in 1850.
- Kreuzkapelle: This church is located outside the village and is named after a pilgrimage cross that is now housed in the provost church. In the 17th century, the terminally ill (plague) had the opportunity to pray at the oldest chapel in Beleckes. The current building was erected in 1724.
- Külbensteine: The Külbensteine were a large and striking rock formation. In the 19th century, however, they were partially demolished for road construction, so that they are no longer that big. There is another chapel nearby, the Külbenkapelle, which was built in 1866 by Provost Böckler. In addition, the Easter fire is burned here every year.
Administration of the medieval city
The city has been presided over by a mayor who has taken care of important matters since it was founded. His term of office was one year and was not elected directly by the citizens but by four electors. Mayors are mentioned as consules and proconsules , presumably it behaved similarly to the mayors in Brilon . The council and the mayor formed the city council. Two chamberlains were assigned to the mayor as advisors, and they often signed documents with their names. The first chamberlain was responsible for running the city treasury. The city secretary, not a member of the council, carried out all correspondence; he was paid and one of the few residents who could read and write. When they took office, the mayors gave their fellow citizens what is known as mayor aid. The text is handed down in the old town book.
Not everyone resident in the village was a full citizen. The citizens' sons were accepted when they reached the age of majority, and if they wanted to, newcomers had to apply for citizenship and pay a double membership fee. People who lived in Belecke, but did not have the citizenship, were named supplements, if they wanted to become full citizens, they too had to pay double the fee. A citizen who married a foreign woman had to pay a collection fee. Every citizen had to provide a leather bucket for extinguishing purposes. The advantage of the citizens compared to the supplements, who had to pay less taxes, was the right to the Hude, mast and wood authorization.
When houses became vacant, their missing residents did not generate any income for the city coffers, but that did not mean that new residents should be won at any cost. Particular emphasis was placed on the financial performance of the new residents. Inept people and poor people were not welcome. The city was plagued with sick people, cripples and beggars. Invalids were also condemned to beg if they had no property of their own. Every new citizen had to present a birth certificate before being admitted in order to have proof of his origin and possible bondage . It was also important to find out about previous offenses.
Cord pulls
Since there were no cadastral maps in earlier centuries to determine and control the boundaries of the community and its corridors, a so-called Schnade was held every few years . Here the male citizens committed the borders in order to get to know them and to counter possible border violations by neighbors. So-called aldermen and pointers were always present, older fellow citizens who knew their way around the borders. The electoral judge, the council and the incumbent mayor also took part. Such parades were ceremonious, with drums and flags being pulled out to the gates in order to document a border recognized by both sides together with the members of the neighboring market cooperatives. Visible boundary signs were conspicuous trees and rocks or stones, as well as streams. The corresponding trees were marked with notches. Occasionally there were also disputes, which then degenerated into fights. Allegedly stones were then moved or marked trees felled in order to gain advantages. There are still records of five Schnadezügen between 1653 and 1743.
Sending court
The parish provost in Belecke had the privilege of holding a broadcast court . In this type of low jurisdiction, he could carry out reprimand proceedings and pronounce church punishments. The sending court stood between pastoral care and ordinary jurisdiction. In the past, the archdeacon had the right to exercise the broadcast court in Belecke, but the abbot of the Grafschaft monastery and the provost gradually pushed him back. The archdeacon tried to exercise his rights again in 1660, the provost and abbot insistently contradicted this. The archdeacon tried anyway, the incumbent provost Michael Crusen threw the archdeacon's table at which the archdeacon wanted to speak, and ordered his parishioners to go home. The archdeacon drove back to Soest without having achieved anything. In the future, the provost held the Sendgericht twice a year, and only once since around 1700, on the All Souls Day holiday. The provost was assisted by two magistrates who were each elected for one year and who had to keep quiet.
traffic
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Belecke is located on the Lippstadt – Warstein line of the Westphalian State Railway, which was opened in 1883 . From 1898 the Möhnetalbahn of the same company crossed here . Even if passenger traffic has been suspended on both routes since 1975, there is still heavy traffic on the first route and occasional freight traffic to Rüthen on the second.
societies
In Belecke there is a lively association, u. a. two marching bands , a symphonic wind orchestra "Musikvereinigung Belecke", two carnival societies , a shooting club , a sports club and the fire brigade Belecke of the Warstein volunteer fire brigade. The Belecke Möhne shooting association was founded on June 23, 1712.
One of two train guards of the volunteer fire brigade of the city of Warstein is located in Belecke . 55 firefighters are currently on duty here. The vehicles and trailers are stationed in this fire station on Silbkestrasse. The central respiratory protection workshop of the city of Warstein is also housed in the fire station and is operated by some comrades on the fire engine.
Around 110 missions are carried out in the Belecke district and in the other districts per calendar year.
Sons and daughters of Beleckes
- Wilhelm Seissenschmidt (1802–1871), mayor of Arnsberg
- Wilhelm Hedick (1838–1897), teacher and pioneer in sound recording
- Franz Kesting (1872–1948), writer
- Hermann Kroll-Schlueter (* 1939), politician
- Hans-Josef Becker (* 1948), Archbishop of Paderborn
literature
- Josef Rubarth (ed. On behalf of the city): Praesidium Baduliki, Belecke. Monograph of the city of Belecke. Belecke 1970, OCLC 74241002 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ City of Warstein: Figures, data, facts ( Memento from May 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on January 4, 2017
- ↑ Not in the year 938, because the historical authors write every 30 years after the events of the year 938, probably first Hrotsvit (Roswitha von Gandersheim): Gesta Ottonis. Line 181., probably approx. 962-965.
- ^ Walter Dahlhoff In: Praesidium Baduliki, Belecke. 1970, p. 79.
- ^ Plague year
- ^ Events during the Thirty Years War
- ^ History
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 331 .
- ↑ Belecker Rundgang ( Memento from August 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Extension by the granite steles ( Memento from August 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Stütings Mühle ( Memento from August 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ The city wall ( Memento from August 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Description of the old town ( Memento from August 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Pages of the city museum
- ^ A b Walter Dahlhoff in: Praesidium Baduliki, Belecke. 1970, p. 135.
- ↑ Böttcherstraße ( Memento from August 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ The Kaiser-Heinrich-Quelle dried up ( Memento from August 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Walter Dahlhoff in: Praesidium Baduliki, Belecke. 1970, pp. 99-104.
- ^ Walter Dahlhoff in: Praesidium Baduliki, Belecke. 1970, pp. 104, 105.
- ^ Walter Dahlhoff in: Praesidium Baduliki, Belecke. 1970, p. 80.
- ^ Walter Dahlhoff in: Praesidium Baduliki, Belecke. 1970, p. 140.
- ↑ http://www.musikvereinigung-belecke.de/
- ↑ Werner Rellecke: From the citizens' guild to the member association . In: Sauerland. 2/2012, pp. 86-90.
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