Weißgerber (Vienna)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Weißgerber
coat of arms map
Coat of arms of Weißgerber

Weißgerber , Unter den Weißgerber , Weißgerberviertel or Weißgerbergrund , formerly also known as Weißgerbervorstadt or Altunaw-Gemeinde der Weißgerber , is a district of Vienna located on the Danube Canal in Vienna's 3rd district , Landstrasse . The former suburb of Weißgerber was incorporated into Vienna in 1850 and is now also known as the Weißgerberviertel .

geography

The district known as Weissgärber or Weissgerbergrund on a map of the then Landstrasse police district around 1830 lies in the north of the 3rd district and is delimited as follows:

  • to the north and east through the Danube Canal , which here, flowing eastwards from the mouth of the Wien River , after the Franzensbrücke (which picks up traffic in the direction of Praterstern ) makes an arc to the south (on the bank: Dampfschiffstraße and Weißgerberlände );
  • in the south and southwest by the Rotundenbrücke –Rasumofskygasse – Marxergasse – Seidlgasse – Kegelgasse line and its intended extension to the Wien River ;
  • in the west through the Wien River (Vordere Zollamtsstraße) to its mouth.

This makes Weißgerber the northernmost of the three suburbs that made up the 3rd district of Vienna in 1850.

The district is named after the statistical census district of the same name, comprising nine census districts, which, however, extends beyond the historical suburb.

history

Weißgerber around 1830; then spelling Weißgärber
Parish church of St. Othmar under the white tanners

The Weißgerber suburb is much younger than the surrounding suburbs. The place was first mentioned in the 16th century as "Among the white tanners". It was created after the first Turkish siege of Vienna in the flood-prone backwater area of ​​the Vienna River and housed Flecksieder , red and white tanners . These had to settle outside of the city, as their craft was associated with strong odor nuisance.

The respective Duke or Archduke of Austria residing in Vienna , usually also the Roman-German Emperor , exercised the basic rule . In 1693 it came to the Vienna magistrate for 10,000 guilders by decision of Emperor Leopold I ; Under the white tanners it was raised to a suburb. Until the 19th century, Weißgerber developed without a plan, largely on grounds used for horticulture, and at the beginning of the 19th century had 2,300 inhabitants in 108 houses.

1704 as Albrechtsburg called, who after was Czeike palatial Pfefferhof with the inn the Golden Eagle near the former church in today Löwengasse to the center of the settlement. The area near today's traffic areas Pfefferhofgasse and Matthäusgasse was parceled out into nine properties in 1860, whereby the previously non-existent Radetzkystraße was created.

The place left few traces in Viennese and Austrian historiography, but included two important locations. Executions took place on the Gänseweide on the edge of the village (near today's Rotunda Bridge) from the 14th to the 18th centuries. The Gänseweide was also the site of a cruel Jewish pogrom , the so-called Wiener Gesera . Duke Albrecht V expelled the members of the Jewish community of Vienna in 1421 . While the poorer Jews were allowed to leave the country, the wealthy were tortured and forced to give up their property. The surviving 90 men and 120 women were publicly burned on March 12, 1421 on the Gänseweide. The only burning of witches in the history of Vienna, the execution of Elisabeth Plainacher , took place there on September 27, 1583.

The second historically important location in Weißgerber was the three-story, wooden Hetztheater at today's address Hetzgasse 2, corner of Hintere Zollamtsstraße, the construction of which was permitted in 1755. Here, in front of up to 3,000 visitors, lions , tigers , bears , wolves and wild boars were chased to death by dogs or people. In 1796 the theater burned down; reconstruction was prohibited. The Viennese saying “Des woar a Hetz!” (“That was funny!”) Is still reminiscent of animal hunting today.

Until the Biedermeier period , the Weißgerbergrund was a sparsely populated, green garden suburb. However, its proximity to the walled city of Vienna led to the opening of the port of the Wiener Neustädter Canal west of Weißgerber near the Wien River in 1803 , which in the following decades became an important transshipment point for deliveries from southern Lower Austria . The plan, ventured at the end of the 1830s, to build the Gloggnitz station (the 1st south station) in place of the shipping facilities near the mouth of the Vienna River, was rejected by the state. The port was only filled in in 1847, then a track was built from the Gloggnitz train station further south on the former canal route to the main customs office. In 1859 the forerunner of today's Wien Mitte train station was put into operation on the former port area . It was on the newly built connecting line from the north station to the main customs office and on to the south line. From what was then the Hauptzollamt railway station, the route led north through the Weißgerberviertel to the Danube Canal with the connecting railway bridge . The almost straight line of the railway cut through the earlier settlement structure, which included very few buildings.

In 1848/49 the system of feudal rule in Austria came to an end. However, the Weißgerbergrund did not have the opportunity to claim the new municipal autonomy. In the course of the incorporation of all suburbs that surrounded Vienna in 1850, the new 3rd district with the name Landstraße was formed from the suburbs Weißgerber, Landstrasse and Erdberg. In 1862, to avoid orientation problems, double assignments of street names in the new city area were eliminated and numerous traffic areas were renamed. The historic Weißgerbergrund was thus incorporated into the new municipality. It lives on as a statistical census district and as a white tanner district; this term has been used by urban planners and private providers in recent decades to make it easier to “locate” real estate and apartments that have been brought onto the market . In 2014 the population of Weißgerber was 11,137.

Buildings

The earliest dense development in the suburb existed between the mouth of the Wien River and Franzensbrücke on what was then Weißgerber Hauptstrasse, and since 1862 Obere Weißgerberstrasse. Around 1830, today's Löwengasse already existed (the section closer to the Danube Canal was then called Kirchengasse ) and Untere Weißgerberstraße, then Untere Gärtnergasse. Most of the other blocks and streets were built much later.

  • The most famous building in the district today is the Hundertwasserhaus or Hundertwasser-Krawina-Haus at the corner of Kegelgasse / Löwengasse , built in the 1980s . The popular picture postcard motif, a residential building of the City of Vienna, was and is photographed by guests from all over the world.
  • The Palais des Beaux Arts at Löwengasse 47–47A has been the seat of the Embassy of the Republic of Lithuania since 1994 . The palace, equipped with elements of late historicism and decorative motifs from Western European Art Nouveau , was built in 1908/09 according to plans by Anton and Josef Drexler .
  • The KunstHausWien , also opened in 1991 by Friedensreich Hundertwasser , between Unterer Weißgerberstraße 13 and Weißgerberlände 14, an exhibition center for works by Hundertwasser and other artists, has been run by Wien Holding , a company owned by the City of Vienna, since 2007 .
  • The Catholic parish church of St. Othmar unter den Weißgerbern was built in neo-Gothic style according to plans by cathedral builder Friedrich von Schmidt and consecrated in 1873. The 80 m high tower is the fifth highest church tower in Vienna. The church replaced the previous church in Löwengasse, which had to give way to the construction of Radetzkyplatz .
  • The Federal Computing Center at Hinteren Zollamtsstraße 4, built 1969–1974, and the Federal Office building at Radetzkystraße 2 (corner of Hintere Zollamtsstraße, seat of the Ministry of Transport , the Ministry of Health and the Tax Office for the 1st and 23rd districts) were built on the site of the former main customs office.
  • The official building erected by Paul Sprenger under Emperor Ferdinand I in 1840–1844 at Vorderen Zollamtsstrasse 5 on the Wien River now houses the Austria-wide tax office for fees, traffic taxes and gambling.
  • The headquarters of the Court of Auditors has been located in a building built for it at Dampfschiffstrasse 2 / Obere Weißgerberstrasse 1 since the 1980s. The building of the General Directorate of the First Danube Steamship Company, erected between 1853 and 1855, previously stood on the property .
  • The headquarters of the city rescue service has been located at Radetzkystraße 1 since 1897. The service established by the Vienna Voluntary Rescue Society was forcibly handed over to the city administration in 1938 under the Nazi regime, which continued to use the building for the Viennese professional rescue service (today: MA 70 , Rescue and Sick Transport Service of the City of Vienna).
  • On the Weißgerberlände and Untere Weißgerberstrasse from Krieglergasse, on the confluent streets and also on Rudolf-von-Alt-Platz, there is an almost closed ensemble of upper-class apartment buildings in the late historical-secessionist style, which were mainly designed by Julius Müller and the brothers Anton and Josef Drexler originates.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Vienna district handbooks. 3rd district: Landstrasse. Vienna 2002, p. 34 f. (Plan of the imperial-royal police district Landstrasse by Anton Ziegler)
  2. ↑ Municipal Department 23 of the City of Vienna - population development in Vienna and the 23 municipal and 250 census districts (PDF file, 10 MB)
  3. ^ Géza Hajós, Eckart Vancsa: Die Kunstdenkmäler Wien. The secular buildings of the III., IV. And V district. (= Austrian art topography. Volume XLIV ). Verlag Anton Schroll & Co., 1980, ISBN 3-7031-0470-8 , p. 184 f.

literature

Web links

Coordinates: 48 ° 13 '  N , 16 ° 24'  E