Werner Peiner

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Werner Peiner (born July 20, 1897 in Düsseldorf , † August 19, 1984 in Leichlingen ) was a German painter who was included in the God-gifted list by Adolf Hitler during the time of National Socialism .

Life

Werner Peiner was the son of the Eiserfey- born businessman Joseph Peiner (1867-1945) and his wife Sophia, née Maintz (1871-1951), from Mechernich . Peiner grew up in Düsseldorf, where his father was promoted to managing director of a timber wholesaler. He attended school up to the senior level. When the First World War broke out , he volunteered for the army with a Uhlan regiment. He was promoted to lieutenant and served as an adjutant on the Western Front. After the war, Peiner studied at the Düsseldorf Art Academy from 1919 after initially taking private lessons from Wilhelm Döringer , a friend of his father's.

In the 1920s he made guest appearances and painted with Katharina "Nette" Faymonville in the castle hotel in Kronenburg in the Eifel. During this time he formed the “Dreimann-Bund” with Fritz Burmann and Richard Gessner . In 1923 Peiner married Marie Therese "Resi" Lauffs and moved to Bonn to live with her in-laws . The couple had no children of their own, and in 1950 the orphaned daughter of a cousin took on them as an adopted child. In mid-1925, Peiner set up a studio in Düsseldorf. During this time, through the mediation of his friends, the architect Emil Fahrenkamp and the entrepreneur Walter Kruspig (since 1930 general director of Rhenania-Ossag ), he was able to take on artistic assignments for the design of church, insurance and industrial buildings.

In 1931 Peiner settled in Kronenburg and began to convert several houses in the historic town center into a studio. Nowadays a hotel is operated in one of them. Werner Peiner was significantly involved in the construction of the sewage system in Kronenburg (but not in the valley settlement of Kronenburgerhütte ), as he was bothered by the sewage running over the street. Street lamps designed by him can still be found in Kronenburg today.

In 1933 he was appointed professor of monumental painting at the Düsseldorf Art Academy . He succeeded Heinrich Campendonk , who had recently been dismissed due to the law to restore the civil service . Peiner owed his appointment not only to his acquaintance with the acting head of the art academy, Julius Paul Junghanns , but also to his painting “Deutsche Erde”, with which he supported the emerging blood and soil ideology . The painting was personally presented as a gift from the city of Mechernich by Schleiden District Administrator Josef Schramm and Schleiden NSDAP District Leader Franz Binz Adolf Hitler . According to the memory of Rolf Dettmann , a pupil of Peiner, Peiner's friendship with Kruspig could also have played a role in the appointment.

Hermann Göring Master School for Painting

The relationship with Peter Grund , the new director of the Düsseldorf Academy since 1933/1934, was characterized by tension. With the consent of Hermann Göring , Peiner undertook a study trip to East Africa from February 1935, which Kruspig had organized and financed. Through Kruspig's mediation, Peiner had personal access to Goering. In a table talk with Göring on January 24, 1936, Peiner succeeded in enforcing his wish to found his own academy. On March 23, 1936, the Minister for Art, Science and Public Education issued a decree on the formation of the "Landakademie Kronenburg der Staatliche Kunstakademie Düsseldorf". It became independent in 1938 under the direction of Peiner as the Hermann Göring Master School for Painting . Peiner's pupils in Kronenburg included Rolf Dettmann, Willi Sitte and Willi Wewer (1912–1997). Among other things, he designed monumental tapestries for the New Reich Chancellery . One of his female nudes hung over Goering's bed in Carinhall . Peiner became a member of the NSDAP in 1937. In the same year he became a member of the Prussian Academy of the Arts . Nevertheless, one of his pictures was confiscated as " degenerate ". In 1940 he was appointed to the Prussian State Council. In 1944, in the final phase of World War II , Adolf Hitler added him to the special list of the God-gifted list with the twelve most important visual artists.

In 1944 Peiner moved with his wife to Gimborn in the Oberbergisches Land. After the end of the war he was interned and all his property confiscated. In 1948 he acquired the dilapidated Haus Vorst castle in Leichlingen / Rhineland, which he restored over many years. He lived and worked there until his death in 1984.

Painting, tapestries

His works from the 1920s, when he painted in the New Objectivity style, in particular, sell in auctions without actually being recognized as a representative of this important German art movement of the Weimar period. Science is interested in his tapestry commissioned works, the cycle "German battles of fate" for the marble gallery, also known as the Lange Halle, of the New Reich Chancellery in Berlin, the designs of which are on display in the Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn . Peiner created the cardboard for the monumental tapestry “Die Erdkugel”, which was started but not completed in the Paris Manufacture des Gobelins , and which was intended for Hermann Göring's monumental property Carinhall (exhibited in the Munich Hypo-Kunsthalle in the exhibition Die Fäden der Moderne , December 2019 to March 2020). Six cardboard boxes and the theme of a seventh on tapestries in the dimensions 5.40 × 10 meters ( The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest , Henry I in the Battle of Hungary , The Siege of Marienburg , The Battle of the Turks in front of Vienna , Frederick the Great near Kunersdorf , The battle near Leipzig , tank battle near Cambrai ). The eighth draft, the content of which has not survived, provided for an event from the Nazi era, i.e. a decisive battle from the Second World War. Since the post-war period, his works have rarely been exhibited in public because of his involvement in National Socialist art politics.

He was represented with 33 works at the Great German Art Exhibitions in the House of German Art in Munich . In the post-war period, Peiner created tapestries for the Gerling Group and the Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie .

literature

  • Art in the 3rd Reich - Documents of Submission . Catalog of the Frankfurter Kunstverein, Frankfurt am Main 1974.
  • Peter Achtmann: Zeitgeist and Art. Werner Peiner - an unjustly ostracized artist . In: Das Ostpreußenblatt , June 21, 1975, page 9 and A smile for this time . In: The Ostpreußenblatt , July 23, 1977, page 13.
  • Otto Baur: A life in storm and quiet. In Das Ostpreußenblatt , July 17, 1982, p. 9.
  • Friedrich Burgdorfer: The House of German Art 1937–1944. Vol. 1, Arndt , Kiel 2011, ISBN 978-3-88741-092-6 , p. 28.
  • Nicola Doll: Patronage and art promotion during National Socialism. Werner Peiner and Herrmann Göring. VDG, Weimar 2009.
  • Ernst Adolf Dreyer: Werner Peiner. On the spiritual law of German art. Sieben Rod Verlag, Hamburg 1936.
  • Anja Hesse: Painting in National Socialism. The painter Werner Peiner (1897–1984). Olms, Hildesheim 1995.
  • Hermann Hinkel: On the function of the image in German fascism. Anabas, Steinbach 1975, ISBN 3-87038-033-0 .
  • Berthold Hinz : Painting in German Fascism - Art and Counterrevolution. Hanser, Munich 1974, ISBN 3-446-11938-8 .
  • Heike Hümme: Artistic opportunism in painting and sculpture of the Third Reich . Braunschweig, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2005. On Peiner: Pages 164–199 ( Digital Library Braunschweig ).
  • Conrad-Peter Joist (ed.): The Eifel in the picture of the Kronenburger Malerschule. In: Landscape painter of the Eifel in the 20th century , Düren 1997, pp. 137–156.
  • Reinhard Müller-Mehlis: Art in the Third Reich. Heyne, Munich 1976, ISBN 3-453-41173-0 .
  • Dieter Pesch, Martin Pesch: Werner Peiner - seducer or seduced. Art in the Third Reich. Grin Verlag, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-656-17431-8 .
  • Johannes Sommer (introductory text): Werner Peiner. Sixty pictures . Field post issue , Kanter-Verlag, Königsberg (Pr.) 1940.
  • Manfred Thiel (Ed.): Werner Peiner. An artist's life in storm and silence. An autobiography. Elpis Verlag, Heidelberg 2004, ISBN 3-9218-0668-2 .

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Associated with the Eifel since childhood . Article from September 28, 2011 in the Rundschau-online .de portal , accessed on February 23, 2020
  2. ^ Dieter Pesch: Werner Peiner. Painter of National Socialism (1897–1984) , website in the portal rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de , accessed on February 23, 2020
  3. ^ Museum Kunstpalast : Artists from the Düsseldorf School of Painting (selection, as of November 2016, PDF )
  4. ↑ Dieter Pesch: Metamorphoses. Rolf Dettmann 1915–1992 . Grin, Munich 2015
  5. ↑ In: Johannes Sommer: Werner Peiner. 60 pictures , Kanter-Verlag, Königsberg (Pr.)
  6. ^ Friedrich Burgdorfer: The House of German Art 1937–1944 . Vol. 1, Arndt, Kiel 2011. ISBN 978-3-88741-092-6 , p. 28.
  7. ↑ Pictures with the past (PDF; 10 kB), Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger , October 31, 2002
  8. ↑ a b c Ernst Klee : The culture lexicon for the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-10-039326-5 , p. 452.
  9. ↑ Susanne Hermanski: And tomorrow half the world , Süddeutsche Zeitung from 18./19. January 2020, page R17
  10. ↑ Comment from: Dr. Eckart Gillen, Der Hallesche Bildteppich, 2011 , mural.ch, accessed on February 19, 2019.
  11. ↑ Andreas Fasel: Controversial painter: Hitler's favorite - Peiner was in demand with the Nazis . June 5, 2012 ( welt.de [accessed June 18, 2019]).
personal data
SURNAME Peiner, Werner
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter
DATE OF BIRTH July 20, 1897
PLACE OF BIRTH Dusseldorf
DATE OF DEATH 19th August 1984
Place of death Leichlingen (Rhineland)