Wilfried Böse

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Ernst Wilfried "Boni" Böse (born February 7, 1949 in Stuttgart , † July 4, 1976 in Entebbe , Uganda ) was a German terrorist . He was a co-founder of the Revolutionary Cells . In 1976, in Entebbe, Uganda, he was shot dead by Israeli special forces while violently ending a hostage situation.

Life

Böse grew up in Bamberg . There he went to the Kunigundenschule, the Oberrealschule (today Clavius-Gymnasium ) and from 1966 to the Dientzenhofer-Gymnasium . For the last year and a half until his Abitur in 1969 he attended the Ansbacher Platen-Gymnasium . He studied sociology first in Freiburg, then in Frankfurt, but broke off his studies in order to take over the distribution of the Roter Stern publishing house .

Around 1970 Böse got involved in the Frankfurt section of the political group “Federation New Left,” together with Micha Brumlik and Johannes Weinrich , among others . He took over the role of treasurer there.

Before 1972, according to left-wing terrorism researcher Wolfgang Kraushaar , Böse was said to have worked for the Red Army Faction (RAF) under the code name “the little fat one” . In 2018, Kraushaar told the Jerusalem Post that he had "serious information" that Böse had also supported the terrorists of Black September before the Munich Olympic attack .

In the summer of 1972, Böse founded the terrorist group “Revolutionary Cells” (RZ) in Frankfurt together with other people from the violent left-wing extremist scene, including Weinrich. He developed the new group to distinguish it from the RAF and "Movement 2. June" with the aim of making it more difficult for the law enforcement authorities to detect them by organizing small groups that are hardly connected to one another in a decentralized manner. When the RZ later split into a social revolutionary and an internationalist wing, Böse was one of the leading internationally active terrorists along with Weinrich, Hans-Joachim Klein , Magdalena Kopp , Brigitte Kuhlmann and others. Böse visited a secret training camp in South Yemen with his fellow RZ fighters for guerrilla training and used the battle name “ Mahmud ”. In September 1975 he went into hiding with Kuhlmann after he was last registered in Frankfurt.

Aircraft hijacked to Entebbe

Evil was on 27./28. June 1976 together with members of the Palestinian terrorist group PFLP of Wadi Haddad , instrumental in the kidnapping of an Airbus of Air France with about 250 mostly Jewish passengers to Entebbe involved. Their demand was the release of German and Palestinian terrorists. Böse and Kuhlmann organized the division of the hostages into an Israeli and a non-Israeli group in the old terminal building in Entebbe, where the passengers were detained after their arrival. Other passengers without an Israeli passport, several French and one stateless person, were identified as Jews by Böse and Kuhlmann because of their supposedly Jewish names or other indications and were also "selected".

For those affected this action sparked strong associations with organized by Germans " selections " in the death camps of Nazi rule made. When a Holocaust survivor Böse showed his tattooed prisoner number and accused him in German that the new generation of Germans was apparently no different from the ones he had experienced in the Holocaust, Böse replied that he had become a guerrilla fighter in West Germany because the ruling system was Nazis into his service, and now his goal is to help the oppressed Palestinians. Most non-Israelis, including numerous Jews, were released - with the exception of around ten French and the twelve-person crew.

When the airport building was stormed by an Israeli special unit during Operation Entebbe on July 4, 1976, Wilfried Böse, Brigitte Kuhlmann and the other kidnappers were shot.

The Israeli Ilan Hartuv and the Frenchman Sylver Ayache, who had both been held hostage in Entebbe, reported in interviews in 2010 and 2011 that they had noticed it to be remarkable that, at the moment of the attack by the Israeli troops, Evil was conscious of the simple possibility refrained from murdering hostages. According to Hartuv, he told some hostages to take shelter in the washrooms and then shot at the Israeli soldiers. The British historian Saul David assessed this “symbol of humanity” as an essential factor for the successful outcome of the military liberation campaign for Israel.

Film adaptations

The kidnapping was filmed several times, with Evil being portrayed by the following actors:

School project and exhibition

Starting in 2012, students from the Bamberg high school, which Böse attended, developed a documentation of his career from student to terrorist as part of a contemporary history project. The resulting exhibition was shown in 2013 not only in the Bamberg City Archive but also in the Ansbach State Library .

literature

  • Wolfgang Kraushaar: The RAF's blind spots. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2017, ISBN 978-3-608-98140-7
  • Oliver Schröm: In the shadow of the jackal. Carlos and the pioneers of international terrorism . Construction Verlag, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-7466-8119-7 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Paul Berman: Power and the Idealists, Or, The Passion of Joschka Fischer and Its Aftermath , p. 58
  2. ^ Colin Smith: Carlos: Portrait of a Terrorist: In Pursuit of the Jackal, 1975-2011 , p. 78
  3. ↑ a b exhibition in Ansbach, on the website of the Dientzenhofer-Gymnasium Bamberg, accessed on July 21, 2014
  4. ↑ Kraushaar: The blind spots of the RAF. P. 274
  5. ↑ Kraushaar: The blind spots of the RAF. Pp. 266ff, 381
  6. ↑ Benjamin Weinthal: Why is Germany silent on Corbyn's praise of Munich terrorists? In: Jerusalem Post of September 5, 2018 (English)
  7. ↑ Kraushaar: The blind spots of the RAF. P. 37f
  8. ↑ Wolfgang Kraushaar : Sixty-eight and the beginnings of West German terrorism, ( Memento of the original from July 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.blz.bayern.de archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in: Insights and Perspectives 01/2008, accessed on July 21, 2014
  9. ↑ Oliver Schröm: In the shadow of the jackal, p. 96
  10. ↑ TERRORISTEN Contact with Kadern , Der Spiegel , 1/1976, January 5, 1976
  11. ↑ a b Aviv Lavie: Surviving the myth, in: Haaretz from July 31, 2003, accessed on August 3, 2014 (English)
  12. ↑ a b c d Yossi Melman : Setting the record straight: Entebbe was not Auschwitz, in: Haaretz from July 8, 2011, accessed on August 3, 2014 (English)
  13. ↑ Matthias Brosch (ed.): Exclusive solidarity. Left anti-Semitism in Germany. From idealism to the anti-globalization movement. Metropol, Berlin 2007, ISBN 3-938690-28-3 , p. 343ff.
    Timo Stein: Between anti-Semitism and criticism of Israel. Anti-Zionism in the German left. VS-Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2011, ISBN 978-3-531-18313-8 , S. 52.
    Annette Vowinckel : Skyjacking: The airplane as a weapon and icon of terrorism. In: Klaus Biesenbach: To the idea of ​​terror. The RAF exhibition. Volume 2, Steidl, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-86521-102-X , p. 151.
    Andreas Musolff: The terrorism discussion in Germany from the end of the sixties to the beginning of the nineties. In: Georg Stötzel , Martin Wengeler (ed.): Controversial terms. History of public language use in the Federal Republic of Germany. (= Language, Politics, Public , Volume 4) de Gruyter, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-11-014652-5 , p. 423f.
    Annette Vowinckel: Airplane hijackings. A cultural story. Wallstein, Göttingen 2011, ISBN 978-3-8353-0873-2 , p. 107.
  14. ↑ a b Claudine Barouhiel: Opération Entebbe: Un otage témoigne in: Tribu 12 No. 23, Summer of 2010. ( Memento of 18 December 2011 at the Internet Archive ), p 16
  15. ↑ Freia Anders and Alexander Sedlmaier: Entebbe “1976: Source-critical perspectives on an airplane hijacking. (PDF) In: Jahrbuch für Antisemitismusforschung 22 (2013), pp. 267–289, here p. 289
  16. ↑ Saul David: Israel's raid on Entebbe was almost a disaster. In: The Telegraph of June 27, 2015, accessed August 3, 2015
  17. ↑ Hartmut Voigt: How the young Wilfried Böse became a terrorist, in: Nürnberger Nachrichten of July 7, 2012, accessed on July 21, 2014
  18. ↑ Ute Kissling: Wilfried Böse - the founder of the terrorist revolutionary cells (PDF), in: Bibliotheksforum Bayern, issue 08 (2014), accessed on August 3, 2014
personal data
SURNAME Bad, Wilfried
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Böse, Ernst Wilfried (full name); Bonuses (nickname)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German terrorist
DATE OF BIRTH February 7, 1949
PLACE OF BIRTH Stuttgart
DATE OF DEATH 4th July 1976
Place of death Entebbe , Uganda