Brigitte Kuhlmann

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Brigitte Kuhlmann (born January 19, 1947 Hanover , † July 4, 1976 in Entebbe ), fighting name Halima , was a German terrorist of the Revolutionary Cells . She was killed in Operation Entebbe in Uganda in 1976 .

Life

Brigitte Kuhlmann was born the daughter of an electrician who died when she was seven years old. She grew up first in Hannover- Mitte , then on Hildesheimer Strasse in the Wülfel district . She attended the Goetheschule grammar school , but left it before graduation, moved into her own apartment in Wülfel and began training as a legal assistant in Hildesheim . At the weekend she looked after the disabled in Annastift, Hanover . She moved into an apartment with her boyfriend in Anderten near Hanover, took her Abitur and then studied education at the Hanover University of Education .

In the early 1970s, Kuhlmann moved to Frankfurt am Main . She lived on Holzhausenstrasse in the Nordend district , where she joined the radical left-wing scene, lived with like-minded people - including Wilfried Böse and Hans-Joachim Klein - in a commune and worked for the “ Roter Stern ” publishing house , which was based there. In her spare time she cared for the physically handicapped and wrote poetry. She became Evil's partner, founded the terrorist organization “Revolutionary Cells” with him and also had close ties to the Red Army faction . She arranged for Ulrike Meinhof , who was already wanted, to live in Hanover, where she was arrested in 1972 after the apartment owner Fritz Rodewald had informed the police. According to her last partner and RZ member Gerd Schnepel, this misjudgment was an important personal motive for Kuhlmann to try to free Meinhof and other RAF members through international RZ actions. According to the assessment of Kuhlmann's friend and then data center terrorist Magdalena Kopp , Kuhlmann saw good prospects in working with Wadi Haddad to free her imprisoned German friends. Together with Böse, she completed training in a camp run by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP). Since the OPEC hostage-taking in Vienna in December 1975, during which the perpetrators were able to flee by flight via Algeria , she has been one of the most wanted German terrorists. According to later statements by Hans-Joachim Klein in court, Kuhlmann persuaded him to take part in the attack on the OPEC ministerial conference in the autumn of 1975.

Air France flight 139 hijacked

Together with Böse and two Palestinians from the PFLP-EO terrorist group led by Wadi Haddad , Kuhlmann hijacked Air France flight 139 from Tel Aviv to Paris on June 27, 1976 : Shortly after the stopover in Athens, they led it via Benghazi to Ugandan Entebbe around. The declared goal was to free a total of 53 imprisoned like-minded people - including mainly Palestinians incarcerated in Israel, but also six terrorists imprisoned in the Federal Republic of Germany for assassinations, including Jan-Carl Raspe (RAF) and Ralf Reinders ( Movement June 2 ).

The kidnapping squad at Entebbe airport, enlarged by further members of the PFLP-EO, separated the Israeli and Jewish hostages from the other hostages and released most of the non-Israelis and non-Jews, but also Jews with non-Israeli citizenship, in the days that followed. Kuhlmann's behavior towards the hostages during the one-week operation was later described by several kidnapping victims as particularly hostile, which aroused Nazi associations. An Israeli hostage, on the other hand, developed an almost friendly relationship with Kuhlmann at the same time and quoted her 40 years later with the statement "It's a shame that you are an Israeli".

When the hostages were liberated by Israeli soldiers , Kuhlmann was shot together with six PFLP terrorists and around 20 Ugandan soldiers. She was buried in Uganda.

The "Martyr Halima Command" , named after her battle name , hijacked the Lufthansa Landshut aircraft in October 1977 .

Trivia

Sybil Danning played the role of Kuhlmann in the Israeli drama Operation Thunderbolt ( Mivtsa Yonatan , 1977) about the liberation of hostages in Entebbe . Katharina Schüttler played the role of Kuhlmann in the Franco-German biopic Carlos - Der Schakal (2010) . In the American-British film 7 days in Entebbe , Rosamund Pike played the role of Kuhlmann.

Web links

  • Contact with cadres . In: Der Spiegel . No. 1 , 1976, p. 28-31 ( Online - Jan. 5, 1976 ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b How the student Brigitte Kuhlmann from Hanover became a terrorist , with many other references to her career, in: HAZ from July 4, 2019
  2. ↑ a b Contact with cadres . In: Der Spiegel . No. 1 , 1976, p. 28-31 ( Online - Jan. 5, 1976 ). , accessed July 17, 2014
  3. ↑ Markus Krischer: A shadow on Schily, in: Focus from August 30, 2010, accessed on July 17, 2014
  4. ↑ The Carlos Haddad Connection, ( Memento of the original from August 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in: Jungle World, November 29, 2000, accessed August 4, 2014  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / jungle-world.com
  5. ↑ Magdalena Kopp: The Terror Years. My life at the side of Carlos. DVA, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-421-04269-9 , p. 103 f.
  6. ↑ Thomas Riegler: In the cross hairs: Austria and the Middle East Terrorism 1973 to 1985. P. 131, V&R unipress, Göttingen 2011
  7. ^ New accents in the Opec process, in: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung of October 20, 2000, p. 69
  8. ↑ Freia Anders, Alexander Sedlmaier: "Entebbe Enterprise" 1976. Perspectives on an airplane hijacking, critical of sources . In: Jahrbuch für Antisemitismusforschung , Vol. 22 (2013), pp. 267–289, here p. 289.
  9. ↑ z. B. Yossi Melman: Setting the Record Straight: Entebbe Was Not Auschwitz, in: Haaretz from July 8, 2011, accessed on March 1, 2017 (English)
  10. ↑ Smadar rice field: רינה רייספלד, מחטופי טיסה 139 של אייר פראנס: "החוטפים היו משכילים, השיחות איתם היו מרתקות (Rina Reisfeld, the hostage of the Air France had formed 139," we had discussions with them, the hostages of the Air France " , in: Haaretz from June 1, 2016 (Hebrew)
  11. ↑ Brigitte Kuhlmann in the Internet Movie Database (English)
personal data
SURNAME Kuhlmann, Brigitte
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German terrorist of the Revolutionary Cells
DATE OF BIRTH January 19, 1947
PLACE OF BIRTH Hanover
DATE OF DEATH 4th July 1976
Place of death Entebbe