Winnie Madikizela-Mandela

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Winnie Madikizela-Mandela (2014)

Winnie Madikizela-Mandela (born September 26, 1936 in Mbongweni near Bizana , Pondoland ; † April 2, 2018 ; born as Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela ) was a South African politician ( African National Congress , ANC). She was married for a long time to Nelson Mandela , the former South African anti- apartheid fighter and president, and from 1993 held political offices. She is also called "the mother of the nation" by followers.

Apartheid period

Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela was born in 1936 in Pondoland in the north-east of what is now the Eastern Cape Province as the fifth of nine children (according to other sources, the sixth of eleven children). Both parents were teachers: her father Columbus taught local history and later served as a minister in the Transkei government , her mother Mzaidume Gertrude was a science teacher. Before Bantu Education, which was inferior for blacks , was introduced to her matric at the Methodist Mission School in Qumbu, she was the best in her class and from 1953 studied social work at the Jan H. Hofmeyr School of Social Work in Johannesburg , from which she graduated in 1955. During this time she was close to the Non European Unity Movement . She turned down an offer to continue her studies in the USA . Her first job was the Baragwanath Hospital in Soweto ; she is considered the first black social worker in South Africa. In Soweto she also met her future husband Nelson Mandela, whom she married in 1958.

During her husband's long imprisonment (August 1962 to February 1990), she developed into a leading opponent of the white minority government under apartheid . Most of the time she was banned . Her home in Soweto has been broken into or vandalized frequently. She was rarely allowed to visit her husband in prison. From 1969, she served an 18-month prison sentence for violating the Suppression of Communism Act in Pretoria Central Prison , where she was held in solitary confinement . In 1973 she was arrested again and sentenced to twelve months in prison for meeting photographer Peter Magubane despite her spell . She was released after six months in Kroonstad . From 1977 their freedom of movement was restricted to the city of Brandfort by government agencies .

She earned a Bachelor of Arts in International Relations from the University of the Witwatersrand .

Winnie Mandela advocated in the 1980s public the brutal lynchings by Necklacing , German "ruff" method. A car tire soaked with gasoline is hung around the victim's neck and arms and set on fire. In a controversial speech in 1986, Winnie Mandela proclaimed: With our boxes of matches and our necklaces we shall liberate this country (for example: "With our matchboxes and our ruff we will free this country.").

In 1988 she and her husband were awarded the United Nations Human Rights Prize.

In the same year, she was suspected of being involved in the kidnapping, rape, torture and murder of Mandela United Football Club members who worked for her as bodyguards. In January 1989 the indictment followed. In 1991 she was found guilty of ordering the kidnapping of four teenagers. One of the boys was murdered by her bodyguard and found on January 6, 1989 in a field with stab wounds to his neck. The Supreme Court of Appeal upheld the verdict on June 2, 1993, but converted the five-year prison sentence into a fine (the equivalent of 7,500 DM at the time).

From the 1990s

Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, 2008

During the transition period after apartheid, she appeared to adopt a less conciliatory attitude towards the previously dominant white minority than her husband, who was released in 1990. The 38-year marriage of the Mandelas resulted in separation in April 1992, followed by divorce in March 1996. Winnie Mandela took the surname Madikizela-Mandela. In 1993 she was first elected chairman of the African National Congress Women's League (ANCWL). In the first free elections in April 1994, she won a seat in the National Assembly . She was dismissed in the first government under the leadership of the ANC in May 1994, deputy minister for the arts, culture, science and technology, but eleven months later after allegations of corruption . In 1997 she was re-elected as ANCWL Chair.

In 2003 Madikizela-Mandela was sentenced to five years in prison for multiple fraud and theft; the sentence was reduced to three and a half years in 2004 by an appeals court. After the conviction, she resigned as chair of the ANCWL and renounced her parliamentary mandate. In 2007, she received the highest number of votes of any candidate in the National Executive Committee election of the ANC. In 2009 she ran in the general election on the ANC's fifth place on the list. Since that election she was again a member of the National Assembly. She kept her seat after the 2014 elections .

In March 2017, she again spoke out in favor of the resignation of her party friend Jacob Zuma as president.

Madikizela-Mandela died on April 2, 2018 at the age of 81.

family

Winnie Mandela-Madikizela had two daughters with Nelson Mandela, Zenani ("Zeni", * 1959) and Zindziswa (1960–2020).

Works

Honors

literature

  • Anné Mariè du Preez Bezdrob: Winnie Mandela. A life. Zebra, Cape Town 2003, ISBN 1-86872-662-2 .

Movies

Web links

Commons : Winnie Madikizela-Mandela  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Winnie Madikizela-Mandela , thepresidency.gov.za (2016), accessed April 4, 2018
  2. ↑ Winnie Madikizela has died. heraldlive.co.za, April 2, 2018, accessed April 2, 2018
  3. ^ The Winnie Mandela Trial: Profile of Winnie Mandela. bbc.co.uk of November 29, 1997 (English), accessed April 2, 2018
  4. ^ Alan Cowell: Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Is Dead at 81; Fought Apartheid , nytimes.com, April 2, 2018, accessed on April 5, 2018. Note the note there: In the past, 1934 was often mentioned as the year of birth.
  5. ^ Nelson Mandela : Long Walk to Freedom . Little, Brown & Company, London 1995, ISBN 978-0-316-03478-4 , p. 294.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f portrait at sahistory.org.za (English), accessed on April 7, 2017
  7. ↑ a b c d e f entry ( memento from June 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) at whoswho.co.za (English), accessed on April 7, 2017
  8. ^ Nelson Mandela : Long Walk to Freedom . Little, Brown & Company, London 1995, ISBN 978-0-316-03478-4 , p. 295.
  9. ^ Leading women in the wake of Sharpeville. saha.org.za, accessed April 7, 2017
  10. ↑ Five times Winnie Mandela let us down. Mail & Guardian of October 21, 2014 (English), accessed November 13, 2015
  11. ↑ Row over 'mother of the nation' Winnie Mandela. The Guardian, January 27, 1989, accessed January 5, 2009 .
  12. ^ List of previous recipients. (PDF; 43 kB) United Nations Human Rights, April 2, 2008, accessed on December 29, 2008 (English).
  13. ↑ Winnie Mandela Named in Beatings. The New York Times, May 10, 1990, accessed June 5, 2006 .
  14. ↑ report at sahistory.org.za (English), accessed on April 7, 2017
  15. ↑ a b Winnie set for shock comeback to ANC politics. In: The Guardian, March 1, 2009, accessed December 25, 2012
  16. ^ Winnie makes comeback in ANC vote. news.bbc.co.uk dated December 21, 2007, accessed April 7, 2017
  17. ^ Winnie Mandela fires another shot at Jacob Zuma: SA is in 'crisis'. biznews.com of March 29, 2017 (English), accessed April 7, 2017
  18. ↑ Nelson Mandela Family Tree at sahistory.org.za , accessed July 18, 2013
  19. ^ United Nations , UNHCHR : The United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights . on www.ohchr.org (English)
  20. ^ Winnie Madikizela-Mandela receives Order of Luthuli award. mandelalegacy.com, accessed January 10, 2017
  21. ^ Makerere to award Winnie Mandela with honorary doctorate. monitor.co.ug from January 18, 2018, accessed on February 26, 2018
personal data
SURNAME Madikizela-Mandela, Winnie
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Madikizela, Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe
BRIEF DESCRIPTION South African politician
DATE OF BIRTH September 26, 1936
PLACE OF BIRTH Mbongweni , Bizana , Pondoland
DATE OF DEATH 2nd April 2018