Wormsgraben
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Wormsgraben Wormkegraben |
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 The Wormsgraben west of the Glashüttenweg hiking trail |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | DE : 56862 (1) | |
| location | in the resin ; District of Harz , Saxony-Anhalt ( Germany ) | |
| River system | Elbe | |
| Drain over | Zillierbach → Holtemme → Bode → Saale → Elbe → North Sea | |
| Junction | near the strawberry head from the Wormke 51 ° 46 '23 " N , 10 ° 41' 14" E |
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| Source height | approx. 747 m above sea level NHN | |
| introduction | at Drei Annen Hohne in the Zillierbach Coordinates: 51 ° 46 '22 " N , 10 ° 43' 20" E 51 ° 46 '22 " N , 10 ° 43' 20" E |
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| Mouth height | approx. 575 m above sea level NHN | |
| Height difference | approx. 172 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 82 ‰ | |
| length | 2.1 km | |
| Catchment area | 3.2 km² | |
The Wormsgraben , also called Wormkegraben , is a 2.4 km long slope ditch in the Harz Mountains between the Wormke and the Zillierbach . It flows near Schierke and Drei Annen Hohne , two districts of Wernigerode , in the Harz district of Saxony-Anhalt .
The moat is probably the oldest overlying slope moat in the Harz Mountains. It was probably created between the 12th and 14th centuries.
Hydrographically, it is the stronger source water of the Zillierbach and not its natural source stream as the upper course of the longer Holtemme tributary.
geography
course
The Wormsgraben is located within the Hochharz in the Harz National Park . It flows between the Erdbeerkopf ( 847.7 m above sea level ) and the Drei Annen Hohne, 3.4 km east of it, on the south to south-east slope of the Hohnekamm ( 900.6 m ). The Wormke , which flows into the Kalte Bode near Mandelholz , is channeled into the ditch in its upper course through a weir at an altitude of about 747 m . The latter initially runs along the Glashüttenweg hiking trail and then - south of the Trudenstein - between two gravel pits of the Knaupsholz quarry , which are passed south of the Brockenbahn . It flows 350 m southeast of the forester's house Hohne at about 575 m altitude into the Zillierbach coming from there , which flows downstream through the Zillierbachtalsperre .
Catchment area
The 3.2 km² catchment area of the Wormsgraben is formed by the Jakobsbruch east of the Erdbeerkopf and the southern slope of the Hohnekamm. The Jakobsbruch with a precipitation area of 1.9 km² provides 60% of the water in the trench. The raised bog areas of the quarry were considerably reduced by peat extraction (1731–1736 and 1800–1843). The peat was extracted for the glassworks located there. When the peat supplies were exhausted, the smelter had to be closed. The name Glashüttenweg has remained to this day . Although the catchment area of the trench is only 30% of that of the Zillierbachtalsperre, it brings 35% to 40% of the dam water out of its area due to higher precipitation values and lower seepage.
Story and purpose
Over the centuries the Wormsgraben had different names: 1464 Wormbeck , 1518 Wormsgraben and Wormbeck , 1531 Wormberger Graben , from 1663 Wormsgraben .
The oldest document on the location and function of the trench is dated June 25, 1465. In it, the cathedral chapter and the city of Halberstadt negotiate the repair of the trench with Count Heinrich zu Stolberg . The function of the ditch is spoken of by old habits (“van alder”). Nothing is known about the period of digging of the trench; it is believed to have been between the 12th and 14th centuries.
The trench had the task of supplying additional impact water for the water mills on the Zillierbach. According to the document mentioned, the watermills on the Holtemme to Halberstadt also benefited from the feed through the ditch. Its main function was in the operation of the 20 mills in Nöschenrode and Wernigerode until the middle of the 19th century . The oldest mill was the Wernigeröder Teichmühle in the old town on Flutgraben, which was mentioned in a document in 1356. Another task of the trench was the continuous water supply of Wernigerode with drinking and process water . From 1887 the importance of the Zillierbach declined due to the modern water supply in Wernigerode.
From at least 1628 onwards, the Wormsgraben supplied the mines on the Zillierbach with the necessary impact water to drive water wheels. Such a bike was in a bike room in the area of today's Zillierbachtalsperre until 1839 . A field rod was set in motion with the water wheel , which led to the border shaft on the border of the county of Wernigerode to the Elbingerode office . This kept the pumps for drainage there going. The field names Die Kunst and Kunstberg date from this time.
The mining administration has been involved in the maintenance of the Wormsgraben by a trench attendant since the 19th century.
Wormsgraben and Zillierbach were also important for rafting around 1800 . The wood was felled on the scornful cliffs and chopped into logs. These swam as far as Wernigerode in a weir at the western gate. The wood was only used for burning purposes. The rafting ended in 1855 when the weir was destroyed by a summer flood.
The Wormsgraben has its main function in the municipal water supply. Since the construction of the Zillierbachtalsperre (1936/37) it has been an important supplier of water for the dam. The ditch draws water from the Wormke and feeds it to the Zillierbach-Holtemme river basin in order to hand it over to the Bode after 48 km in the north-eastern Harz foreland. Due to a high gradient and high flow velocity, there is a dam that is up to one meter high and wide on the lower slope of the trench.
literature
- Karl-Heinz Krause: The Wormsgraben west of Drei Annen Hohne . In: The Harz - A landscape introduces itself. Ed .: Harzmuseum Wernigerode, double issue 17/18, 1987, p. 56.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ Drawn GPS track upstream: Zillierbach ← Wormsgraben ← upper Wormke . When drawing, intermediate lengths were noted and the source of the Zillierbach was temporarily connected
