Mansfeld colliery
| Mansfeld colliery | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
 |
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| Funding / year | Max. 759,219 t | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Employees | up to 2254 | ||
| Start of operation | 1875 | ||
| End of operation | 1963 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Hard coal | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 28 '28.8 " N , 7 ° 17' 54.6" E | ||
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| Location | Langendreer | ||
| local community | Bochum | ||
| Independent city ( NUTS3 ) | Bochum | ||
| country | State of North Rhine-Westphalia | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Ruhr area | ||
The Mansfeld colliery is a former hard coal mine in the Langendreer district of Bochum . The mine was created through the consolidation of several previously independent mines. The mine was in operation for almost 90 years.
history
The beginnings
On April 2, 1872, the Actien-Gesellschaft für Bergbau, Eisen- und Stahlindustrie from Berlin bought the pit fields and the mines of the collieries Colonia and Vereinigte Urbanus . In 1875, both mines became the property of the Mansfeld copper slate building union from Eisleben . The union needed the coal extracted from the two mines to meet the needs of their own smelting works. In the same year, the Mansfeld copper slate building union renamed the mine to Zeche Mansfeld union . Shortly after the two mines were merged, on October 11 of the same year the two fields Erstling & Egide and Königsau were merged with the new mine. The two shafts were preserved as the Colonia and Urbanus shafts . Shaft Urbanus, also called Shaft Friedrich Wilhelm, was a ton-long shaft. The shaft had the 3rd level at a depth of 149 meters (- 33 m above sea level ) and the 4th level at a depth of 188 meters (- 72 m above sea level). In the Colonia shaft, the 1st level was located at a depth of 61 meters (+ 41 m above sea level) and the 2nd level at a depth of 130 meters (- 28 m above sea level). An old coking plant with 30 coke ovens was located on the Colonia part of the plant . There was also a coking plant on the Urbanus construction site. The combined mines were now run under the name of Zeche Mansfeld trade union. In the same year the administration of the union Mansfeldschen Steinkohlenzechen and Coaksanstalten Westfalen , based in Bochum, took over the management of the mine.
The first years of operation
The mine went into operation as early as 1875. In the following year, a breakthrough was created on the first level between the Urbanus and Colonia construction fields. The Colonia shaft was sunk deeper and the third level was set at a depth of 229 meters (-125 m above sea level). On May 7, 1877, the Colonia, Erstling & Egide, Königsau and Urbanus fields were consolidated. A breakthrough between Urbanus and Colonia was created on the second level. The Urbanus construction site was now only used for personal needs and land sales . In the same year the mine was renamed the Mansfeld coal mine . In 1878, the sinking work on the Urbanus shaft was resumed and the shaft was sunk deeper. In the same year, the 5th level was set at a depth of 229 meters (- 125 m above sea level). A new coking plant went into operation on the Colonia construction site on October 4th of the same year. On January 11th of the year 1879 there was a defect in the drainage system on Urbanus , whereupon the 2nd level was dammed . On April 23 of the same year a fire broke out over the course of days , at the same time the mine building also drowned and had to be swamped . The swamp work continued until August. In 1880, a breakthrough was made on the 3rd level between the Colonia and Urbanus fields. In 1881, the sinking work for a broken weather shaft was started on the Urbanus section.
Since the Mansfeld union also owned 114 Kuxe of the Junge Herrmann union, it was decided in 1882 to mine the fields of the Junge Hermann colliery by the Mansfeld colliery. For this purpose, a contract was signed between the two unions on May 16 of the same year. In the same year, several construction departments at the Mansfeld colliery collapsed . In 1883 the broken weather shaft was so far completed that it went into operation up to the first level. The following year, the Glück & Segen field was opened up . In addition, mining began in the Junge Herrmann field. In 1885 the sinking work for shaft 3 began. This shaft, which was planned as a weather shaft, was also called shaft Colonia 3. The shaft was south of Colonia shaft at today's street Am Neggenborn set . Already in 1886 the shaft reached at a depth that of 13 meters carbon . In the same year, the Glück & Segen field was taken over. In 1887, mining began in the Glück & Segen field. In the same year, the Colonia 3 shaft was sunk to the second level and a breakthrough was made with the Colonia shaft. In 1888 the Colonia 3 shaft was penetrated with the third level. In 1890 the 4th level was set in the Colonia shaft at a depth of 292 meters (- 207 m above sea level). In 1891, the Colonia 3 weather shaft was put into operation and mining began on the 4th level. From this point on, the Urbanus shaft was only used for personal consumption.
Further expansion and operation
In 1892, attempts were made to introduce the hammer , which had already been introduced in the Mansfeld copper slate mining, to the Mansfeld colliery. However, these attempts were unsuccessful. In the following year, the Colonia shaft was sunk down to the fourth level. The excavation work for shaft 4 began in 1897. At that time, the mine was part of the Witten mining district . The shaft, also called Colonia 2 shaft, was set up 100 meters from Colonia shaft (Colonia 1). The shaft was sunk in the same year to a depth of 74 meters. For the time being, the shaft was only intended to be used for mining timber and mountains. In addition, the sinking work on the Colonia shaft continued this year. However, the digging of the shaft did not begin until the end of the year. In the same year the Mansfeld AG acquired the remaining Kuxe of the hard coal union Glück- and Segener Erbstolln. The fixture work at the mine continued as planned. The dismantling also went according to plan. There were 14 coal seams with a thickness of 0.6 to three meters in Verhieb . The pit ventilator from Shaft Colonia was installed on shaft 3 above ground. In addition, five new steam boilers and a compressor were installed at the Colonia shaft .
After the field happiness & blessings had been acquired, which included Berechtsame the colliery Mansfeld an area of 7.1 square kilometers. In 1899 the 5th level was set in the Colonia shaft at a depth of 415 meters (- 311 m above sea level). In the same year, the old coking plant on the Colonia part of the plant was shut down. To replace it, a new coking plant with 85 heat recovery ovens, an ammonia factory and a tar distillation facility was built. In the same year, the Colonia 2 shaft was penetrated with the 5th level. In 1901, the sinking work for shaft 5 began. Shaft 5, also called the Urbanus 5 weather shaft, was set up in the Glück & Segen field in Bochum-Querenburg. In the same year the Halter field and the Herrmann field were acquired. The following year, the first level was set in the Urbanus 5 weather shaft at a depth of 118 meters (-2 m above sea level). In addition, the strip field with a size of 0.065 km² was acquired that year. In 1903 the Urbanus shaft was closed. In addition, the Urbanus 5 weather shaft was put into operation in the same year. The halter field was abandoned due to its unsustainability . In 1904 the mine joined the Rhenish-Westphalian Coal Syndicate .
In 1905, the production of the Colonia 3 shaft was discontinued, the shaft now only served as a weather shaft. In the following year, the sinking work on the Colonia 1 shaft was resumed and the shaft was sunk deeper. In 1907 several manholes were renamed. Shaft Colonia 1 was renamed into Shaft 1, Shaft Colonia 2 was renamed into Shaft 4, Shaft Colonia 3 was renamed into Weather Shaft 3, Shaft Urbanus 5 was renamed into Weather Shaft 5. The entire mine consisted of three sections, the facilities 1/4, 3 and 5. In the same year, the 6th level was set in shaft 1 at a depth of 516 meters (-412 m above sea level). In addition, the sinking work on shaft 4 was resumed and the shaft was sunk deeper. In 1908, shaft 4 was penetrated with the 6th level. At the weather shaft 5, a daytime rake was driven into the seam of sunshine. On July 20, 1909, there was a firedamp explosion at the mine , in which five miners were killed. In 1910 the Mansfeld trade union acquired the Leonhard I and Leonhard II fields from the United Constantine the Great. Both fields were still unscored. With the purchase of these two fields, the rights now covered an area of 12.5 km². In 1912, a break from the 5th level to the 4th level was made in weather shaft 3.
The time of the world wars
In 1914, the Mansfeld colliery joined the German Ammonia Sales Association, the German Benzene Association and the Sulfuric Acid Association. In 1915, extraction began from the 5th level. On September 5, 1917, there was another firedamp explosion, killing 13 miners. After the First World War , the Mansfeld colliery was taken over by Mansfeld Aktiengesellschaft Bergbau und Hüttenbetrieb, together with the further ownership of the Mansfeld copper slate building union, in 1921. This company, which was founded on November 26th of the same year, had its seat in Eisleben. The following year the Young Hermann field was acquired. In 1923 the strip field was acquired. In addition, shaft 6 was created as a break from the first level up to above days. The shaft was located directly next to shaft 5. However, shaft 6 was later abandoned for economic reasons. The following year, the mine’s coking plant was expanded to include 50 regenerative compound ovens. In 1926, the 7th level was set in shaft 4 at a depth of 670 meters (- 566 m above sea level). The right now covered an area of 11.8 km². In 1926 the mine participated in the establishment of the public limited company for coal utilization .
In 1934, shaft 4 was converted into the main production shaft. In the following year, shaft 4 went into operation as the main production shaft. In 1938, mining started in shaft 4 from level 7. In 1941, shaft 3 was penetrated with the 6th level. Shaft 5 was closed in 1943. In the same year, the first scheduled mine gas extraction system in the Ruhr area was put into operation at the mine . In 1944, shaft 6 was put back into operation. The 8th level, the deepest level of the mine, was solved using blind shafts . The bottom was at a depth of 824 meters (- 720 m above sea level). On January 15, 1945, the mine was the target of a bomb attack. 61 people were killed in this bomb attack. In addition, the day facilities were very badly damaged. Shaft 6 was finally abandoned in the same year. The 7th sole and the 8th sole were then soaked and had to be swamped. The swamp work began in August of the same year. As a result of the severe destruction caused by the bombing, both coal and coke production came to a standstill.
Reconstruction after the Second World War
After the end of the Second World War , coal production was slightly resumed at the beginning of 1946. The swamp work continued this year. In 1947 the operation parts 1/4 and 3 existed, the main extraction level was the 7th level. In 1948 the coking plant, which had been badly damaged during the war, was put back into operation. After the expropriation of Mansfeld AG for mining and smelting operations in the GDR, the company moved its headquarters to Hanover. In addition, parts of the mine field were leased to the small mines Lieselotte and Ruhrtal. In 1950 the mine consisted of the fields Consolidierte Mansfeld, Junge Hermann, Glück & Segener Erbstolln, Halter, Stripes, Connection Bank North and Vincenz North. The entire rights covered an area of 10.6 km². In 1953, the sinking work for weather shaft 7 began. The shaft was set up west of the former Urbanus shaft in Langendreer-Kaltehardt on federal road 226. In 1955, shaft 7 to the fourth level was put into operation. The mine now had four shafts, two of which were weather shafts and two production shafts. A coking plant with a coal recycling plant was in operation. In addition, the mine operated a power generation plant with an electrical output of 18.5 megawatts . In the period from 1956 to 1958 several attempts to mechanization were recovering from steep stored conducted seams.
The last few years until the shutdown
In 1959, shaft 3 to the 7th level was in operation. In the same year, the sinking work on shaft 4 was resumed and the shaft was sunk deeper from the 7th level. In 1961 shaft 4 to the 8th level was completed. The mine was closed on March 31, 1963. The shafts 3 and 7 were then filled . Shafts 1 and 4 initially remained open for drainage from the Robert Müser colliery . In addition, the daytime facilities were subsequently canceled. In June 1968 the dewatering was no longer needed because the Robert Müser colliery had meanwhile been closed. Now shafts 1 and 4 have also been filled.
Promotion and workforce
| year | Extracted hard coal in tons |
Number of miners |
source |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1875 | 101,691 | 418 | |
| 1877 | 100,000 | ||
| 1880 | 122.605 | 423 | |
| 1885 | 231,951 | 916 | |
| 1890 | 263.104 | 955 | |
| 1900 | 313.293 | 1387 | |
| 1910 | 498.131 | 1952 | |
| 1913 | 603,000 | ||
| 1920 | 426.133 | 2192 | |
| 1925 | 560,537 | 2381 | |
| 1929 | 677,000 | ||
| 1939 | 759.219 | 2252 | |
| 1964 | 198,604 | 1637 | |
| 1950 | 563,434 | 2521 | |
| 1956 | 620,000 | 3000 | |
| 1958 | 540,000 | ||
| 1960 | 437,000 | 2170 | |
| 1962 | 356,798 | 917 |
Current condition
The Technologie-Quartier industrial area and the technical center of the Ruhr University Bochum are located on the site of Shaft 5 . The combined heating and power plant of Stadtwerke Bochum and the Ruhr University, with the postal address Konrad-Zuse-Straße 7, has an output of approx. 180 MW. Using combined heat and power, it generates electricity from natural gas for the Ruhr University network, as well as district heating for the Ruhr University and FUW Fernwärmeversorgung Universitäts-Wohnstadt Bochum GmbH.
literature
- Norbert Meier and Hans-Jürgen Lewer: Mansfeld colliery. How Urbanus and Colonia became Mansfeld . o. O. 2012 ISBN 978-3-00-039086-9 (400 pages).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Joachim Huske : The coal mines in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning to 2005 (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum 144) 3rd revised and expanded edition. Self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old collieries on the Ruhr. 4th edition. Publishing house Karl Robert Langewiesche, successor Hans Köster, Königstein i. Taunus 1994, ISBN 3-7845-6992-7 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Gerhard Gebhardt: Ruhrbergbau. History, structure and interdependence of its societies and organizations. Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1957
- ^ A b c d e Karl Heinz Bader, Karl Röttger, Manfred Prante: 250 years of coal mining in the Brandenburg region. A contribution to the history of mining, the mining administration and the city of Bochum. Study publisher Dr. N. Brockmeyer, Bochum 1987, ISBN 3-88339-590-0 , pp. 180-181.
- ^ A b Association for Mining Interests in the Upper Mining District Dortmund: The Development of Lower Rhine-Westphalian Hard Coal Mining in the Second Half of the 19th Century. Julius Springer's publishing bookstore, Berlin 1902
- ↑ a b c d Ministry of Trade and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and salt works in the Prussian state. Volume forty-sixth, published by Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 1898
- ↑ Mine gas and active mining . In: Zukunftsinitiative Zukunftsenergien (Ed.): Mine gas - an energy source in North Rhine-Westphalia, Düsseldorf August 2004, p. 11
- ^ Hans Böckler Foundation: Günter Brakelmann: A theologian in conflicts of his time. LIT-Verlag, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-8258-9758-3 .
Web links
- Early mining on the Ruhr: Zeche Mansfeld (accessed on August 19, 2013)
- Early mining on the Ruhr: Historical map around 1840 (accessed on August 19, 2013)
- Early mining on the Ruhr: Map of the situation around 2000 (accessed on August 19, 2013)