Sępólno Krajeńskie
| Sępólno Krajeńskie | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Kuyavian Pomeranian | ||
| Powiat : | Sępoleński | ||
| Gmina : | Sępólno Krajeńskie | ||
| Area : | 5.79 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 27 ' N , 17 ° 31' E | ||
| Height : | 152 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 9265 (Dec. 31, 2016) | ||
| Postal code : | 89-400 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 52 | ||
| License plate : | CSE | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : |
Bydgoszcz - Koszalin DK 25 Tuchola - Więcbork ext. 241 |
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| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
Sępólno Krajeńskie [ sɛmˈpulnɔ kraˈjɛɲskʲɛ ] ( German Zempelburg ) is a city in the Polish Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship . It is the seat of the Powiat Sępoleński and the town-and-country municipality of the same name with a little over 16,000 inhabitants.
location
The city is located in the former West Prussia , 63 kilometers northwest of Bydgoszcz (Bromberg) on the Sępólna (Zempolna) and the Jezioro Sępoleńskie ( Zempelburg Lake ; length 3.52 kilometers, width approx. 470-500 m).
history
Zempelburg (in older sources also Stempelburg ) was founded in the 14th century under Magdeburg law and belonged to Krajna , a part of the Kalisz Voivodeship (1314-1793) . Today the city is mainly located on the high bank of the lake and the Zempolna river valley. From the fact that the Catholic parish church, which is mentioned as early as 1360, is located in the river valley, it can be concluded that the original city was in the valley of the Zempolna. According to the legend, the manor's castle perished in today's Zempelburg lake, which was created by the expansion of the Dziechowo lake . The former location of a second castle, mentioned in 1679, is unknown. The Protestant prayer house on the Schulenberg was destroyed in 1620. In 1764 the Niederstadt had 79 houses and the suburb 71 houses.
Between 1772 and 1807 and 1815 and 1920 Zempelburg belonged to Prussia , from 1807 to 1815 to the Duchy of Warsaw .
The city was a center of cloth and shoemaking. In 1773 Zempelburg had 70 craftsmen, including eight cloth makers and numerous shoemakers. The Protestant church on the market was built in 1857/58 and has since been torn down again.
The Jews, who had had a synagogue here since 1734 , were obliged in the 19th century to deliver 30 tympf , nine roast veal, six roast beef, six pounds of tallow and one pound of gunpowder to the Catholic parish annually on Corpus Christi and Easter for salvos .
Zempelburg belonged until 1919 county Flatow in marienwerder in the province of West Prussia of the German Reich . In 1910 the city had 3818 inhabitants, of which 637 were Poles. According to religion, in 1905 it was 57.0% Evangelicals, 32.7% Catholics and 10.3% Jews.
After the First World War , Zempelburg had to be ceded to Poland without a referendum due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty in 1920 for the purpose of setting up the Polish Corridor and came to the new Pomeranian Voivodeship . The German-speaking residents of Zempelburg, who had not opted for their previous citizenship but had become Poles, now belonged to the minority of the ethnically German Poles . Zempelburg received the Polish name Sępólno Krajeńskie . During this time the city was the district seat of the Powiat Sępoleński .
With the attack on Poland in 1939, the region was annexed to the territory of the Reich in violation of international law . From 1939 and 1945 Zempelburg was the seat of the Zempelburg occupation administrative district in the occupation administrative district of Bromberg (Danzig-West Prussia) .
Towards the end of the Second World War , the Red Army occupied the district in the spring of 1945 .
Population development
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1783 | 1,622 | 651 Protestants, 390 Catholics and 581 Jews |
| 1805 | 2,492 | thereof 1,434 Christians and 1,058 Jews |
| 1831 | 2,764 | including over 1,000 Jews |
| 1853 | 3,187 | thereof 1,412 Protestants, 557 Catholics and 1,218 Jews |
| 1875 | 3,516 | |
| 1880 | 3,736 | |
| 1890 | 3,510 | thereof 2,011 Protestants, 839 Catholics and 657 Jews (280 Poles) |
| 1910 | 3,818 | including 3,115 Germans and 637 Poles |
| 1920 | 3,513 | |
| 1921 | 1,501 | |
| 1943 | 5,207 | |
| 2012 | 9,282 | As of June 30, 2012 |
traffic
Sępólno Krajeńskie had a train station on the Oleśnica – Chojnice railway line .
Gmina
The town-and-country community (gmina miejsko-wiejska) Sępólno Krajeńskie includes the town and 22 villages with school boards.
sons and daughters of the town
- Jakob Moritz , Jewish musketeer in the Prussian army, was awarded the Iron Cross after the Battle of Dennewitz , known as "the Westphalian Maccabees "
- Friedrich Wilhelm Ferdinand Schmitt (1823–1910), German schoolboy, educator and provincial historian
- Moritz Brasch (1843–1895), German-Jewish philosopher
- Elvira Castner (1844–1923), German dentist and horticultural teacher
- Julius Berger (1862–1943), German-Jewish building contractor, founder of Julius Berger Tiefbau AG, a predecessor company to Bilfinger Berger .
literature
- Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Volume 2: Topography of West Prussia. Marienwerder 1789, pp. 99-100, no. 5.).
- Friedrich Wilhelm Ferdinand Schmitt : Topography of the Flatower circle . In: Preussische Provinzialblätter , Other Series, Vol. VII, Königsberg 1855, pp. 46–48.
- Friedrich Wilhelm Ferdinand Schmitt : The Flatow district. In all of his relationships . Thorm 1867, pp. 257-261.
- Mathias Niendorf: Minorities on the border - Germans and Poles in the Flatow (Złotów) and Zempelburg (Sępólno Krajeński) districts 1900–1939 (dissertation, University of Kiel 1996). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1997, ISBN 3-447-03917-5 ( limited preview )
Web links
- William Remus: Zempelburg (Sępólno Krajeńskie), Flatow District, West Prussia (2007) (English)
- City and Municipality website (Polish)
Footnotes
- ↑ a b c d e f Erich Weise (Ed.): Handbook of historical sites . Volume: East and West Prussia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 317). Unchanged reprint of the 1st edition 1966. Kröner, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X , pp. 244–245.
- ^ A b c Friedrich Wilhelm Ferdinand Schmitt : Topography of the Flatower circle . In: Preußische Provinzialblätter , Other Series, Volume VII, Königsberg 1855, pp. 46–48 and pp. 115–116.
- ↑ Those who had opted for obtaining German citizenship and still remained in Polish territory, subject to a foreign German Polish immigration law and could of exile.
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part II: Topography of West Prussia , Marienwerder 1789, pp. 99-100.
- ^ August Eduard Preuss: Prussian country and folklore . Königsberg 1835, pp. 382-383, no.14.
- ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Province of Pomerania, Flatow district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ^ Georg Pohlmann: History of the infantry regiment Graf Barfuß (4th Westphalian) No. 17 in the nineteenth century . Mittler, Berlin 1906, p. 41.