Ziram

Structural formula
Structural formula of Ziram ( dimer )
General
Surname	Ziram
other names	Zinc bis ( N , N -dimethyldithiocarbamate) Zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate ZDMC
Molecular formula	C 6 H 12 N 2 S 4 Zn
Brief description	white to yellowish, odorless powder
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 137-30-4 EC number 205-288-3 ECHA InfoCard 100.004.808 PubChem 8722 Wikidata Q205562
properties
Molar mass	305.83 g · mol -1
Physical state	firmly
density	1.66 g cm −3
Melting point	248 ° C
Vapor pressure	1.33 · 10 −5  Pa (20–25 ° C)
solubility	practically insoluble in water (65 mg l −1 at 25 ° C)
safety instructions
GHS hazard labeling from  Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) , expanded if necessary danger H and P phrases H: 330-302-373-335-318-317-410 P: 260-273-280-284-305 + 351 + 338-310
Toxicological data	650–1400 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 ,  rat ,  oral )
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Ziram is the abbreviation for a chemical compound of zinc from the group of dithiocarbamates (more precisely the zinc salt of dimethyldithiocarbamate ), which is often used as a pesticide . It is in the form of a white to yellowish powder, which decomposes when exposed to UV light or in alkaline media.

Extraction and presentation

Ziram is made by reacting dimethylamine and carbon disulfide in the presence of a zinc compound (a base or an amine ).

use

Ziram is used as a leaf fungicide in fruit (mostly stone fruit), vine, vegetable and house plant cultivation (e.g. against scab ) and as a repellent against game and bird damage. In Switzerland there are approvals for the use against the curl disease in peaches and nectarines . According to the Austrian regulations, Ziram can be used to protect seeds from bird damage through dressing . In Germany, the use or placing on the market is currently not permitted. However, in March 2019 the Federal Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety issued an emergency approval for 36750 liters of the product Korit 420 FS with this active ingredient for the dressing of maize seeds against bird damage, which is valid from December 15, 2019 to April 12, 2020. Seeds which have been dressed with it in Austria or another EU member state in which the use of Ziram is currently permitted may not be prohibited in Germany under EU law; Since Ziram was listed in the annex of the repealed EU directive 91/414 / EEC on the placing of plant protection products on the market when the EU regulation (EC) No. 1107/2009 currently applicable to plant protection products came into force , it applies in the EU after a multiple extension Transitional regulation as approved and therefore as admissible in the member states if there is an obligation to mutually recognize granted approvals upon application.

Ziram is also used as a vulcanization accelerator in the manufacture of rubber from rubber .

toxicology

Under vulcanization conditions, traces of carcinogenic dimethylnitrosamine can develop from Ziram .

The WHO has set a permitted daily dose of 0.02 mg per kg per day for Ziram .

Hazard assessment

In 2012, Ziram was included in the EU's ongoing action plan ( CoRAP ) in accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH) as part of substance evaluation . The effects of the substance on human health and the environment are re-evaluated and, if necessary, follow-up measures are initiated. The reasons for the inclusion of Ziram were concerns about the high risk characterization ratio (RCR) and as a potential endocrine disruptor . The re-evaluation has been running since 2012 and is carried out by Denmark . In order to be able to reach a final assessment, further information was requested.

See also

• Thiuram
• Maneb

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Entry on Ziram in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 14, 2017(JavaScript required) .
2. ↑ Donald Mackay , Wan Ying Shiu, Kuo-Ching Ma, Sum Chi Lee: Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals. Vol IV: Nitrogen and Sulfur Containing Compounds and Pesticides. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, 2006, ISBN 1-56670-687-4 , p. 4114.
3. ↑ Entry on Ziram in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
4. ↑ ^{a b} Ziram data sheet at Extension Toxicology Network , June 1996.
5. ↑ Ziram data sheet at Primary Information Services (English).
6. ↑ Text of the emergency approval according to Article 53 of Regulation (EC) No. 1107/2009. Klaus Strotmann: After the Mesurol ban: Emergency approval for Korit bird feeding stain. In: agrarheute.com . December 5, 2019, accessed January 17, 2020 . 
7. ↑ Art. 49 of Regulation (EC) No. 1107/2009
8. ↑ Extension of the fictitious approval according to Implementing Regulation (EU) No. 540/2011 of the Commission of 25 May 2011 for the implementation of Regulation (EC) No. 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the list of approved active substances (entry No. 74), extended by the implementing regulation (EU) 2019/168 of the Commission from January 31, 2019 to April 30, 2020 (Point 1 of the Annex); Art. 40 Regulation (EC) No. 1107/2009 on the mutual recognition of a license in a member state
9. ^ Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety of the European Commission: Entry on Ziram in the EU pesticide database; Entry in the national registers of plant protection products in Switzerland , Austria and Germany ; accessed on March 12, 2016.
10. ↑ Community rolling action plan ( CoRAP ) of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): Ziram , accessed on March 26, 2019.