Ślęża

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Ślęża
The Zobtenberg

The Zobtenberg

height 718  m npm
location Poland , Lower Silesia
Mountains isolated mountain
Coordinates 50 ° 51 '54 "  N , 16 ° 42' 32"  E Coordinates: 50 ° 51 '54 "  N , 16 ° 42' 32"  E
Ślęża (Lower Silesia)
Ślęża
rock granite

The Ślęża or the Sobótka (Latin Silensi , German Zobtenberg , also Zobten for short , more rarely Siling , in the dialect Zotabarg after the poem "Bergkrach" by Paul Keller ) is a mountain in the Polish Voivodeship of Lower Silesia . At 718 m, it is the highest peak in the Zobten massif. The second main peak is the 573 m high Radunia ( Geiersberg ). Both are separated by the upper reaches of the Sulistrowicki potok ( Silstrowitzer Bach ).

Geographical location

Location of the Zobtengebirge

The mountain massif rising from the Lower Silesian plain is located 35 km southwest of Wroclaw between the valleys of the Ślęza and Bystrzyca Świdnicka ( Schweidnitzer Weistritz ) and is one of the landmarks of Silesia . The Zobten massif is about 10 km long in north-south direction and about six km wide in west-east direction between Sady and Będkowice . The town of Sobótka ( Zobten am Berge ) lies on its northeast flank .

geology

The Zobten massif consists almost entirely of dark gray colored Zobten gabbro , a rock with granite-like properties ( plutonite ). The olivine-free gabbro is composed primarily of plagioclase and hornblende , and titanium magnets and apatite are used as accessories (less than 1 percent) . The gabbro occurrence is very rugged and weathered like a sack of wool . Sometimes bizarre block and rock sculptures produced. The gabbro vom Zobten is a tough and weather-resistant rock and was mainly used as gravel.

Occur sporadically transition quartz crystals and serpentinite in the dens of Zobten on.

The Zobten massif is a fossil island mountain that arose in the warm humid climate of the early Tertiary .

Flora and vegetation

The potential natural vegetation of the Zobten massif are montane fescue beech forests (Festuco altissimae-Fagetum). Hare lettuce ( Prenanthes purpurea ), mountain nettle ( Lamium montanum ) and whorl-leaved white root ( Polygonatum verticillatum ) are other species of Central European mountain regions in the herbaceous layer of these forests . Rubble forests are also widespread, almost all of which are formed from sycamore maple , but also from sycamore elm . At the Zobtengipfel there are large rubble heaps that are populated by lichen and deciduous moss . In places a sparse mountain ash pioneer forest has grown up there. The spruce, which is widespread in the Zobten massif, just like the European larch, does not occur naturally there and was brought in for forestry as a fast-growing supplier of timber. To the south of Sulistrowiczki swamps have formed, in which fen areas and wet meadows have been preserved. There are the rare humidity and wetness pointer Gladiolus palustris ( Gladiolus palustris ), globe flower ( Trollius europaeus ), Marsh Orchid ( Dactylorhiza majalis ) and superb carnation ( Dianthus superbus ) ago. The Zobten serpentine has produced its own flora, for which the wedge-leaved serpentine striped fern ( Asplenium cuneifolium ) is characteristic.

natural reserve

The massif and its immediate surroundings are protected as a landscape protection area. The summit regions of Zobten and Radunia and the marshes near Sulistrowiczki are nature reserves . The "Zobten Summit" nature reserve has existed since 1954 and is 141.4 hectares in size.

history

Chapel on the top of the Zobten

On the top of the mountain there was a prehistoric place of worship, which probably originated in the Bronze Age . Here one suspected the grove of the Germanic pair of gods Alcis , which Tacitus mentions around 98 AD in his work Germania . It is also assumed that the Zobten is the mountain from which Thietmar von Merseburg reported as an earlier pagan sanctuary, from which the name of the Gau Slensane is derived. From the year 1148 the mountain is passed down as mons silecii . Remains unclear whether the name of the mountain from the tribe of Silinger derives or from the Slensanen .

In the middle of the 13th century there was a hilltop castle on the Slenz , which was razed as a robbery nest after 1296 . A built in 1350 in their place small fortress was in 1471 for the same reason destroyed by the city of Wroclaw.

Mining lodge

The mountain, which was previously half owned by the Duchy of Schweidnitz and half of the Breslau sand pen, became the property of the monastery in 1494, which had a pilgrimage chapel built on it. The Chapel of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary was renewed between 1698 and 1702 . In 1834 a lightning strike destroyed the building. For the reconstruction in the years 1851 and 1852 one fell back on the plans of the master builder Gericke; a design by Karl Friedrich Schinkel was not taken into account. Furthermore, the "Holy Mountain of Silesia", the Zobten, on which Celtic and Germanic places of worship had been located since the 5th century, was proposed as the site of a Blücher monument. Schadow had made a design for this that could not be realized. In 1949 another lightning strike caused severe damage to the chapel.

There is a transmission tower and a mountain hut on the mountain. Around the mountain top there are enigmatic pagan stone sculptures: virgin with the fish , bear and boar , which bear the characteristic symbol of the sun cult , the swastika .

The Zobten is also sung about in the fourth stanza of the "Heimatlied der Schlesier" by Eduard Becher: O du Heimat, dear and trust . This is:

Where the mighty building of the Zobtens
rises to the blue of the sky
and the unstable weather
widely known
there you are, my Silesian country.

tourism

Map of the mountain with hiking trails and sights

The first ascent of the Zobtenberg took place as early as the 18th century. With the construction of the Breslau-Schweidnitz-Freiburg railway in the 1840s, more and more tourists came to the Zobtenberg. Therefore, in 1885 the Zobten Mountains Association was founded, which made the tourism development of the mountain its task. Today the Zobten is a very popular hiking mountain . The Tąpadła forester's lodge in the west of the massif and the train station in the town of Sobótka are starting points for climbing the Zobten. In Sobótka there is also the Zobten Museum. Sulistrowiczki and Sulistrowice are holiday resorts with cottage settlements on the southeast slope of the Zobtenberg. The Wieżyca Hut is nearby . A drag lift offers a short ski run . If there is good snow conditions, ski hikes are offered. Another drag lift is also located in Sobótka.

Mining

Serpentine and chrome ore were mined south of the Radunia . Remnants of the old mines have been preserved there under the forest. To the west of Sobótka, large areas of granite are quarried. The Zobten granite is used as building block, paving stone and road gravel .

Transmitter

On the Ślęża there has been a transmission system of the Polish radio for VHF and TV since 1958, which uses a 136-meter-high freestanding (with an additional cable-braced top) steel lattice tower as the antenna carrier. This transmission tower was built in 1972 to replace the 98 meter high transmission tower built in 1958.

Broadcast programs

watch TV

program frequency Channel number Transmission power
TVP1 Telewizja Polska SA (First Polish TV program) 223.25 MHz 12 100 kW
TVP2 Telewizja Polska SA (Second Polish Television Program) 503.25 MHz 25th 1000 kW
POLSAT Telewizja Polsat SA 775.25 MHz 59 800 kW
TVP3 Wrocław Telewizja Polska SA Oddział we Wrocławiu (Third Wrocław Program on Polish Television) 639.25 MHz 42 800 kW

radio

program frequency Transmission power
Radio Maryja Prowincja Warszawska Zgromadzenia OO Redemptorystów 88.90 MHz 120 kW
Radio ZET Radio ZET Sp. Z oo 93.60 MHz 120 kW
PR1 Polskie Radio SA 98.80 MHz 120 kW
PR3 Polskie Radio SA 100.20 MHz 120 kW
Radio Wrocław Polskie Radio - Regionalna Rozgłośnia we Wrocławiu "Radio Wrocław" SA (Polish Radio Wrocław, regional program) 102.30 MHz 120 kW
Radio ESKA Wrocław Radio ESKA SA 104.90 MHz 60 kW

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Ślęża  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Zobtengebirge  - Travel Guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "haec in pago Silensi, vocabulo hoc quodam a monte nimis et excelso grandiflora olim sibi Indító" The chronicler Thietmar of Merseburg , Bishop of Merseburg, Monumenta Germaniae Historica.
  2. ^ Herbert Wilhelmy : Climate geomorphology in key words. Verlag Ferdinand Hirt, 1974, p. 109.
  3. ↑ Sibylle Einholz : The large granite bowl in the pleasure garden. On the importance of a Berlin solitaire . S. 57. Ed. History Association Berlin: The Bear of Berlin. Yearbook of the History Association for Berlin 1997.
  4. ^ Report of the Zobten-Gebirgs-Verein covering the period from its foundation to March 31, 1887. Available online
  5. ^ Johann Georg Theodor Grasse: The Zobtenberg in Silesia. 1871, accessed November 1, 2013 .