Neuaubing forced labor camp

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Construction plan from 1942
The interior of the future memorial. 26 people were accommodated in each of the rooms.

The former Neuaubing forced labor camp (also: Neuaubing prisoner-of-war camp, Neuaubing barracks camp) was built by the Deutsche Reichsbahn during the Second World War at the end of 1942 in the Munich district of Aubing as a camp to accommodate forced laborers from the Reichsbahn repair shop in Neuaubing . The site at Ehrenbürgstrasse 9 has been owned by the City of Munich since 2015. Some of the buildings are used by artists and craftsmen who have come together in the association “Freie Ateliers & Werkstätten Ehrenbürgstraße”. "As only remaining group plant in Bavaria camp for historical, urban and architectural reasons constitutes a unique testimony of Nazi forced labor system." The camp is since 2009 under preservation orders , the barracks 1-8 and two minor - splinter protection cells are and the perimeter fence of the site as Individual monuments identified. The site is also registered as a ground monument. The forced labor camp thus represents a substantial part of the architectural monuments in Aubing .

investment

Showcase with a map of the site in its current state. Below: west. Barrack 5 is marked by a blue roof. East is up.

The camp is on the western outskirts of Munich - Neuaubing , immediately west of the settlement on Gößweinsteinplatz built between 1937 and 1939 . A few hundred meters south, on the other side of Bodenseestrasse and the Pasing – Herrsching railway line , was the prisoners' deployment site, the Neuaubing Reichsbahn repair shop (RAW Neuaubing).

According to the entry plans, the camp originally consisted of eleven single-storey barracks with flat gable roofs . Eight barracks were grouped around an elongated, rectangular roll call square , three more stood south of it on the other side of the camp street that ran parallel to the square, the extended Ehrenbürgstrasse. The design of the huts is different: almost all were in solid brick construction with tile roof executed, only the shed 5 in lightweight brick piers with an infill made of concrete planks and roofing cover . To the south of the entrance were the guard barracks and the adjoining bathing and washing barracks, the commercial and workshop barracks on the front of the square and the medical barracks in the middle on the southern flank of the square. Two two-person splinter protection cells of type RL3-42 / 143 from the Leonard Moll concrete works , half of which were embedded in the ground, served as shelters for the guards . Two stairs made of stamped concrete each led to the access hatches. The fence consisted of concrete posts, the material of the fields is unknown.

Today eight barracks are still preserved, of which the two in the northeast corner are structurally connected. In the former guard barracks there is a kindergarten , most of the other barracks serve as studios, workshops, offices and apartments. One is empty, has been renovated and is intended as a future memorial. Remains of the foundation walls can still be found from another building. One of the planned barracks was probably never built. The flat hill on the former roll call square , which, like the whole area, is heavily overgrown, consists of the rubble of the missing north-western barracks. The two splinter protection cells are still at the original location, but three of the four entrances are buried. The site is still surrounded by many of the old concrete fence posts . Overall, both the structure and the building fabric of the camp are surprisingly well preserved despite various renovations. The Neuaubing forced labor camp is one of the few well-known surviving camps in Germany , along with the Bergener Straße and Zeche Lothringen camps in Bochum, the remains of the camp in Waltrop-Holthausen and the Nazi forced labor documentation center in Berlin-Niederschöneweide.

history

During the Second World War, over 400 camps for prisoners of war and forced laborers were set up in the Munich city area . The plans for the "RAW Neuaubing Barracks Camp" were drawn up by the Reichsbahnneubauamt of the Reichsbahndirektion Munich in November 1942, submitted immediately to the local building commission and approved by the regional council in February 1943. It was completed earlier in December 1942. In purely mathematical terms, each #accommodation room held 26 people, each block consisted of two rooms, each barrack was a double block. The six camp barracks of the camp offered a total of 624 people. In fact, the rooms were massively overcrowded with forced laborers from Russia, Belarus and the Ukraine, Poland, Italy, the Netherlands and France; the highest single number was around 1000 people. The living conditions were apparently catastrophic, also due to physical abuse of the camp inmates. As an aerial photograph from April 1945 shows, most of the structural changes took place during the war, i.e. when it was first used. The workshop barracks on the western side of the square were already missing, as was the southwestern sleeping barracks, possibly as a result of one of the three Allied air raids on Neuaubing . The two barracks in the northeast corner of the square were already connected and the porch with gable was added to the east .

After the end of the Second World War, the facility was initially used as refugee accommodation , and since the 1950s as a residential complex for railway employees and a dormitory for apprentices for the Deutsche Bundesbahn . The south-western barrack was demolished in 1946. After abandoning residential use, commercial operations moved in in the 1970s. At the beginning of the 1980s, the first barracks served artists as studios . Despite the long period of use, the structure of the barracks - foundations , walls and ceilings , roof structures , partly the roofing, even individual windows and doors - has largely been preserved in its original state. Over the years, various room layouts have been changed, with the exception of Barrack 5. With the consent of the State Monument Council , the camp was included as an ensemble on the list of monuments of the state capital of Munich on January 30, 2009 .

Future development

Barrack 5

The 250 square meter Barrack 5, which has been unused for a long time, has largely been preserved in its original state. According to the decision of the city council on November 17, 2011, the building will serve as a memorial and a branch of the Nazi Documentation Center . However, it turned out that the building was very dilapidated due to its lightweight construction, which differed from the other barracks, and was also infested with mold. Therefore, the establishment of the memorial was postponed and Barrack 5 bis renovated by the Munich Society for Urban Renewal in 2018. Barrack 5 has belonged to the state capital of Munich since 2014, and the rest of the settlement was also purchased by the city in 2015.

On June 27, 2011, the city council decided to carry out preparatory investigations in accordance with Section 141 of the Building Code in the Neuaubing-Westkreuz districts of the Neuaubing-Westkreuz district as part of the federal-state urban development funding program. The building history, the historical structures and the existence of the forced labor camp were also analyzed and evaluated. The results are presented by the Integrated District Development Concept (ISEK) Neuaubing-Westkreuz. The aim for the former forced labor camp Neuaubing is formulated to be that a concept should be created to make the eventful history of the place visible. The edges of the room are to be exposed and the facades are to be returned to their old condition. Preserving the barracks and their socio-cultural uses has priority. The city ​​council formally determined the redevelopment area on April 9, 2014.

With the completion of the renovation of Barrack 5, the fundamental questions were resolved.In 2019, the Nazi Documentation Center in Munich will work out the content and conceptual details of the memorial.

literature

  • Elvira Auer: Forced Labor Camp Ehrenbürgstrasse. In: Karin Pohl: Aubing-Lochhausen-Langwied (= Kulturgeschichtspfad. 22 [1] ). City of Munich (Ed.). Munich 2012, pp. 55–57 ( City Portal Munich, Kulturgeschichtspfad 22 ).
  • Burkhard Körner: The former forced labor camp on Ehrenbürgstrasse in Munich-Neuaubing. A new ensemble in the list of monuments of the city of Munich. In: Monument preservation information . No. 143, 2009, ISSN  1617-3155 , pp. 22-24.
  • Burkhard Körner: The former forced labor camp on Ehrenbürgstrasse in Munich-Neuaubing. In: The preservation of monuments. Vol. 67, 2009, ISSN  0947-031X , pp. 48-52.
  • Winfried Nerdinger (Ed.) With the collaboration of Angela Hermann, Paul-Moritz Rabe and Sibylle von Tiedemann: Forced Labor in Munich. The Reichsbahn warehouse in Neuaubing , Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-86331-404-0 .
  • Sabine Schalm: Historical report on the barrack camp in Ehrenbürgstrasse / Neuaubing. Masch. Munich 2008.
  • Jan Volker Wilhelm: In- depth urban development and monument preservation investigation Neuaubing-Westkreuz. In-depth consideration of the monuments and ensembles from an urban planning point of view in the federal-state urban development program "Active city and district centers" . Munich Society for Urban Renewal on behalf of the City of Munich (publisher). Munich 2013 ( PDF; 56 MB ), pp. 10–13, 23–25, 66–87.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wally Schmidt: Last traces of the forced laborers. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung No. 4 of January 7, 2010, local section Munich, page N1.
  2. ↑ Jan Volker Wilhelm: In- depth urban development and monument conservation investigation Neuaubing-Westkreuz. Munich 2013, p. 25.
  3. ↑ Ensemble protection: Inv.-No. E-1-62-000-79. Barracks 1 - 8: Inv.-No. D-1-62-000-9861 / -9862 / -9863 / -9864 / -8343 / -9865 / -9866 / -9867. as well as two minor splinter protection cells: Inv. D-1-62-000-8345. Fencing: Inv.-No. D-1-62-000-9868. Ground monument: Inv.-No. D-1-7834-0330.
  4. ↑ Sabine Schalm: Historical report on the barrack camp in Ehrenbürgstrasse / Neuaubing. Masch. Munich 2008, pp. 2, 4-5, 16-17, appendix (plans); Burkhard Körner (a): The former forced labor camp on Ehrenbürgstrasse in Munich-Neuaubing. A new ensemble in the list of monuments of the city of Munich. In: Monument preservation information. No. 143, 2009, ISSN  1617-3155 , pp. 22-24, here p. 23, illustrations; Burkhard Körner (b): The former forced labor camp on Ehrenbürgstrasse in Munich-Neuaubing. In: The preservation of monuments. Vol. 67, 2009, ISSN  0947-031X , pp. 48-52, here pp. 48-49, illustrations; Jan Volker Wilhelm: In- depth urban development and monument preservation investigation Neuaubing-Westkreuz. Munich 2013, pp. 10–12, figs. 5–7.
  5. ↑ Jan Volker Wilhelm: In- depth urban development and monument conservation investigation Neuaubing-Westkreuz. Munich 2013, p. 23.
  6. ↑ Jan Volker Wilhelm: In- depth urban development and monument conservation investigation Neuaubing-Westkreuz. Munich 2013, pp. 10, 23-25.
  7. ↑ Andreas Heusler: Foreign deployment. Forced labor for the Munich war economy 1939-1945 (= sources and research on the history of the city of Munich. 1). Hugendubel, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-88034-868-5 .
  8. ↑ Sabine Schalm: Historical report on the barrack camp in Ehrenbürgstrasse / Neuaubing. Masch. Munich 2008, pp. 4–5.
  9. ^ Elvira Auer: Forced Labor Camp Ehrenbürgstrasse. In: Karin Pohl: Aubing-Lochhausen-Langwied (= cultural history trail. 22). City of Munich (Ed.). Munich 2012, pp. 55–57 ( City Portal Munich, Kulturgeschichtspfad 22 ).
  10. ↑ Jan Volker Wilhelm: In- depth urban development and monument conservation investigation Neuaubing-Westkreuz. Munich 2013, pp. 10, 12-13, 23.
  11. ↑ Sabine Schalm: Historical report on the barrack camp in Ehrenbürgstrasse / Neuaubing. Masch. Munich 2008, pp. 11–13, 18.
  12. ↑ Jan Volker Wilhelm: In- depth urban development and monument conservation investigation Neuaubing-Westkreuz. Munich 2013, p. 25.
  13. ↑ Burkhard Körner (a): The former forced labor camp in Ehrenbürgstrasse in Munich-Neuaubing. A new ensemble in the list of monuments of the city of Munich. In: Monument preservation information. No. 143, 2009, ISSN  1617-3155 , pp. 22-24, here p. 22.
  14. ^ Barbara Nahr: A place for art and remembrance. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung No. 271 of November 24, 2011, local section Munich, p. R11.
  15. ↑ Franz Kotteder: `` Düstere Geschichte. '' In: Süddeutsche Zeitung of February 7, 2014 ( online , accessed September 19, 2014).
  16. ^ ISEK. Integrated district development concept Neuaubing Westkreuz. Preparatory studies in the federal-state urban development program "Active city and district centers". Long version. Munich 2014, pp. 4–7 ( PDF, 21 MB ).
  17. ↑ Jan Volker Wilhelm: In- depth urban development and monument conservation investigation Neuaubing-Westkreuz. Munich 2013, pp. 10–13, 23–25, 66–87.
  18. ^ ISEK. Integrated district development concept Neuaubing Westkreuz. Preparatory studies in the federal-state urban development program "Active city and district centers". Long version. Munich 2014, pp. 100–101, 158 ( PDF, 21 MB ).
  19. ^ ISEK. Integrated district development concept Neuaubing Westkreuz. Preparatory studies in the federal-state urban development program "Active city and district centers". Long version Munich 2014, p. 178, target SG Z04 ( PDF, 21 MB ).
  20. ↑ Jüdische Allgemeine: History and Future , January 17, 2019

Web links

Commons : Neuaubing Forced Labor Camp  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 48 ° 8 ′ 34 "  N , 11 ° 24 ′ 48"  E