Zwickau Hard Coal Association
Map with all coordinates shaft locations: | Zwickau Hard Coal Association | |||
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| General information about the mine | |||
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| Mining technology | Civil engineering | ||
| Funding / year | 255583 (1897) t | ||
| Funding / total | 12,278,600 t of hard coal | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Employees | 1189 (1920) | ||
| Start of operation | October 26, 1837 | ||
| End of operation | July 11, 1920 | ||
| Successor use | West Saxony Stadium | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Hard coal | ||
| Hard coal | |||
| Stratified coal seam | |||
| Mightiness | 1.2 | ||
| Soot coal seam | |||
| Mightiness | 5 m | ||
| Amandus seam (deep Planitz seam, lower section) | |||
| Mightiness | 4 m | ||
| Ludwigflöz | |||
| Mightiness | 3.5 | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 50 ° 41 '55.5 " N , 12 ° 29' 6.7" E | ||
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| Location | Geinitzstrasse, Zwickau | ||
| local community | Zwickau | ||
| country | Free State of Saxony | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Zwickau coal field | ||
The Zwickauer Steinkohlenbau-Verein was the oldest mining company on shares in Zwickau. It was founded in 1837 and existed until 1920.
history
General
In the Zwickau hard coal district , since 10/11. Century coal mined by the respective landowners. Before the middle of the 19th century, these were the Lords of Arnim with the later so-called von Arnimschen Steinkohlenwerke on Planitzer Flur, the old community of Bockwa with various smaller shafts on Bockwaer Flur and smaller owners, mainly farmers, in Oberhohndorf and Reinsdorf . There was no hard coal mining in the area of the city of Zwickau , but it was clear from the mining already in the corridors of the neighboring villages that hard coal had to be available here, albeit at a greater depth . This was the starting point for the establishment of the Zwickauer Steinkohlenbau-Verein. It was particularly driven by the competitor of the later Erzgebirgischer Steinkohlen-Actien-Verein (EStAV), whose protagonists were the Freiberg Mining Commissioner Amandus Kühn and the professor at the Freiberg Mining Academy August Breithaupt . On August 28, 1837, Breithaupt made a request to the Zwickau City Council to grant him the mining rights under the city assets, which the city council refused, as it wanted to reserve the lucrative mining rights to Zwickau citizens.
The beginnings
On October 26, 1837, the "Comité des Zwickauer Steinkohlenbau-Verein" reported exploratory drillings to the Freiberg Oberbergamt , which finally on October 10, 1838 on the "Patenacker" between Hinterneudörfel and Planitz in 160 m depth, the soot coal seam with 5 m thick coal and a little deeper the deep Planitz seam with more than 1.6 m thick. To finance these boreholes, 2500 shares of 4 thalers each were issued on November 10 and 11, 1837 , which entitle the owners to later subscribe one 50 thalers share for each drill test share of the newly founded coal-mining association.
Thereupon, on January 7, 1839, the “Verein-Glück-Schacht” was set up on Neudörfler Flur, which sunk the soot coal seam with a total thickness of 3.5 m at a depth of 160 m on January 29, 1841 . This event was celebrated with a mountain festival on March 14, 1841. A celebratory dinner was given in the Gewandhaus the evening before. After a celebratory service, the town's dignitaries marched in front of the town gates to the shaft with hunting horns from the Zwickau garrison, where the first ton of hard coal was solemnly mined in the presence of representatives of the mining authority and the Planitz pastor Bosdorf blessed the mine by mining. The first coal was donated to the poor in the city.
The club's lucky shaft received two steam engines : a hoisting machine with 16 hp and a dewatering machine with 20 hp. It had a rectangular shaft disc with arched joints measuring 3.675 × 2.0 m. It was divided into the two conveyor fragments and the driving and drainage tower.
As early as 1842, the Aurora shaft was set about 400 m east of the club's luck shaft ( 50 ° 41 ′ 55.6 ″ N , 12 ° 29 ′ 23 ″ E ), which reached coal in 1846. It had a rectangular shaft disc measuring 4.88 × 1.7 m.
In 1843 the Vereinglückschacht was further sold to 220 m and the 2.2 m thick pitch coal seam (= upper section of the deep Planitz seam) and the 4 m thick Amandus seam at 220 m depth (previously unknown and therefore named after the Kühn mountain ridge; much later it turned out that it was the lower section of the deep Planitz seam).
The sinking of the Aurora shaft was stopped at a depth of 286 m. Subsequently, both shafts were stroking in Rußkohlenflöz durchschlägig interconnected. The Aurora shaft also received a hoisting machine with 16 HP and a water retention machine with 20 HP power.
In 1844, a new steam carrier was installed on the club's luck. In 1845 manual conveyance with English trolleys on profile rails ("English rods") was introduced instead of the trolleys used until then .
The other years
In 1854, both shafts were connected to the Bockwaer coal railway in Schedewitz via a recoil track in the area of today's Schedewitz stop on the Schwarzenberg – Zwickau railway line . The cost was 25,000 thalers; the route was 1.19 km long and the gradient was 1:44. A total of 20 points and around 4.3 km of track were laid. On July 13, 1855, the company's third shaft, the Glückaufschacht, was started around 700 m northwest ( 50 ° 42 ′ 10.6 ″ N , 12 ° 28 ′ 47 ″ E ) of the club's happiness shaft . It had a rectangular shaft disc measuring 5.63 × 3.41 m and was designed for two conveyor systems. However, only a conveyor with a single-cylinder steam winding machine with a vertical cylinder and balancer from the Chemnitz machine factory was installed. The rope cages had a diameter of 2.2 m and a width of 0.43 m. The 25 mm thick hauling rope was therefore wound up in several layers on top of one another, which increased rope wear. The shaft reached its final depth of 292 m in 1860. A total of four seams were encountered during the sinking : the carbon black seam with only 0.4 m thickness, the upper section of the deep Planitz seam with 2.2 m, the lower section with 2.5 m and the upper section of the Ludwig seam with 3.5 m Coal. In 1859 the Glückaufschacht was connected to the Glückaufschacht with an 850 m long branch track.
In 1865 a dry separation and a coal washing plant were built on the luck of the club .
1866 Aurora Schacht received a stronger dewatering machine , for 1867 a new power house was built.
In 1870, a Guibal fan was installed on Glückaufschacht, which was driven by a 70 hp steam engine. The impeller of the fan was 9.5 m in diameter and 1.8 m wide. The fan was sucking and the Glückaufschacht served as an extending weather shaft. On October 20, 1872, the main shaft of the hoisting machine broke , making the shaft no longer accessible for the time being. As a result, a manhole broke on November 12th at a depth of 72 m . The shaft could not be held and had to be toppled, ie it was filled with mountains . After the rock had stabilized, the shaft was opened up again and a wall was built in the area of the break . Funding could only be resumed in 1875.
In 1872 a new horizontal twin steam winder with slide control and 50 cm cylinder bore of the Brod and Stiehler factory was put into operation, for which a pulley chair was built. In 1874 the Aurora shaft also received a wooden pulley chair. In 1879 the association acquired the Sarfert coal works in Schedewitz. In 1879 the Vereinglückschacht was sold further to 280 m and the Ludwig seam with 3.5 m coal was found at a depth of 242 m. In 1881 the Glückaufschacht was further sold.
On January 20, 1885 was south mark outgoing coal plant "G. Schmidts Erben ”, whose 250 m deep Fortuna shaft ( 50 ° 41 ′ 40.2 ″ N , 12 ° 29 ′ 18.3 ″ E ) was still used as a production and weather shaft . In the same year, a field exchange took place with the Zwickau citizens' union, which is part of the north , and a chain lift was built between the Aurora and Vereinsglückschachts instead of the previous above-ground cable car. Rope travel was introduced at Glückaufschacht, there was space for 12 men on the two-tier conveyor racks , and the speed was 8 m / s.
The Royal Saxon State Railways operated the connecting railway with their operating resources until 1885. The in-house shifting of the coal wagons was carried out with horses. In 1885 the association procured the locomotive VEREINSGLÜCK and in 1886 the GLÜCKAUF from the Saxon machine works in Chemnitz . They were largely similar to the type VII T locomotives procured by the state railway .
In 1887 the work was transferred to the v. Arnimsche coal railway connected, the own connecting railway to the Schedewitz stop was canceled. Sidings lead to Vereinglück, Glückauf- and Auroraschacht. In 1888 a surface chain railway was built between the processing facility for Vereinsglück and the Fortunaschacht in order to be able to process the coal from the Fortunafeld at Vereinglück. In 1889 the old steam carrier of the Aurora Bay was replaced by a more powerful twin steam carrier. In 1890, the bay an iron truss strut received headframe . Rope travel was introduced for the team . In 1893, a central drainage system for the entire plant was put into operation in the Glückaufschacht ; the drainage systems in the other three shafts were shut down. In 1900 the central water supply was equipped with new electric pumps.
In 1900 the mining method was changed from broken piers to longwall mining with a handful of backfill in order to reduce the risk of mine fire . In the first decades only lump coal was mined, the clear coal remained in the mining pillars and was a cause of the frequent pit fires.
On July 14, 1901 there was another broken manhole in the Glückaufschacht, although it was not as serious as the one in 1872. Now the shaft has been completely lined and an iron pulley chair has been installed. Also in 1901, a team bath was built on Glückaufschacht .
The Fortuna field was charred in 1904, the shaft safety pillar of the Fortuna shaft was extracted using the flushing displacement method .
In 1906 underground cable car transport was introduced.
The last few years
From 1909 the production and the income of the plant decreased more and more. In 1916, the shaft safety pillar of the club's luck shaft with flushing offset was dismantled. In 1917 the deposit was charred and the company was finally liquidated on July 11, 1920. After the liquidation of the association, the rightful owner was leased from the city of Zwickau to the EStAV, which in the following years still dismantled coal and remaining pillars in the old man and then kept the shafts.
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literature
- Emil Herzog: History of the Zwickau hard coal industry . A contribution to the history of Saxon industry. Adler and Dietze, Dresden 1852, p. 72-74 ( Google books ).
- Waldemar May, Otto Stutzer , Eckardt: 75 years of collaboration between the Saxon hard coal mines . Overview of the geological structure of the Ore Mountains hard coal basin. Ed .: District group Saxony of the Zwickau hard coal mining section. Zwickau June 1936, p. 69 ff., 277-279 .
- Author collective: The coal mining in the Zwickau area . Ed .: Steinkohlenbergbauverein Zwickau eV Förster & Borries, Zwickau 2000, ISBN 3-00-006207-6 , p. 82-86, 508-513 .
- Hubert Kiesewetter: The industrial penetration of the Zwickau hard coal region . In: Toni Pierenkemper (Ed.): The industrialization of European mining regions in the 19th century . Steiner, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 978-3-515-07841-2 , 4.2 The founding of companies (126 p., Google books ).
- Löffler (Ed.): Mining around Zwickau: silver, coal, uranium - 1316, 1348, 1945 . Exhibition catalog. Museum Priesterhäuser, Zwickau 2003, ISBN 3-933282-19-5 , p. 18-20, 32, 53 .
- Norbert Peschke : The Zwickau hard coal mining and its coal railways . Zschiesche GmbH, Wilkau-Haßlau 2007, ISBN 3-9808512-9-X , p. 21-24, 59-70 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Neudörfel in the Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ Norbert Peschke : The Zwickau hard coal mining and its coal railways . Zschiesche, Wilkau-Haßlau 2007, ISBN 3-9808512-9-X , p. 65 (Peschke writes the wheel arrangement 1'Bn2, but photos show Saxon. VII T (Hartmann type) - B n2t).
