Schedewitz
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Schedewitz
City of Zwickau
Coordinates: 50 ° 42 ′ 8 ″ N , 12 ° 29 ′ 56 ″ E
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| Height : | 250–290 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 23.4 ha | |
| Residents : | 2460 (2005) | |
| Population density : | 10,513 inhabitants / km² | |
| Incorporation : | January 1, 1923 | |
| Postal code : | 08056 | |
| Area code : | 0375 | |
Location of Schedewitz in Saxony |
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Schedewitz is a district of the city of Zwickau , which has been the district town of the Zwickau district in the Free State of Saxony since 2008 . The district of Schedewitz / Geinitzsiedlung is located in the district of Zwickau-Süd and has the official number 57.
geography
location
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Schedewitz is located in the north of the southern Zwickau urban area. The district thus connects directly to the south of Zwickau's old town. Schedewitz is bounded in the east by the Zwickauer Mulde . The Planitzbach flowing through the district also flows into the Zwickauer Mulde in Schedewitz. The Geinitzsiedlung is located in the south-eastern part of the district on both sides of Geinitzsstrasse. During the Elster Ice Age, the southern border of the Scandinavian inland ice was in Schedewitz . A memorial stone on the Zwickauer Mulde reminds of this.
Neighboring places
| Zwickau Mitte district | Bockwa | |
| Reichenbacher Straße and Freiheitsiedlung area |
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Oberhohndorf |
| Niederplanitz |
history
Schedewitz was mentioned in 1219 as "Schetwiz". In 1240 Schedewitz came into possession of the Grünhain monastery , which the Cistercians had established in 1230. This owned five cities and 40 villages, including Schedewitz and the neighboring town of Bockwa . The name Schedewitz is derived from Sorbian and means something like "place of the gray head". So it was named after a family name. After the Reformation was introduced , the Grünhain monastery was dissolved in 1533. Schedewitz, which belonged to the more distant territories of the monastery, was incorporated into the Electoral Saxon Office of Zwickau in 1536 as an official village . In 1536, the farmer's wife, Christoph Schmidt, was accused of holding a dragon and accused of witchcraft . The Röhrensteg between Oberhohndorf and Schedewitz was first mentioned in 1533 . This covered wooden bridge, which brought drinking water from the Reinsdorfer Grund over the Zwickauer Mulde to Zwickau in wooden pipelines , was torn away in 1546 by an ice drive. It has existed in its current form since 1790.
Until 1856 Schedewitz belonged to the Electoral Saxon or Royal Saxon Office of Zwickau. In 1856 the place came to the Zwickau court office and in 1875 to the Zwickau administration . Schedewitz was already heavily industrialized before 1840. The Mühlgraben, which ran parallel to the Zwickauer Mulde, ran via Schedewitz to Bockwa and thus enabled businesses to settle in its vicinity, such as worsted yarn spinning mill or the Devrient chemical factory. From the middle of the 19th century, several underground shafts were built in which hard coal was mined. Hard coal mining associations, later hard coal stock associations, were founded. With the opening of the Zwickau – Kainsdorf state coal railway, Schedewitz was connected to the railway in 1854. With the continuation of the route in the valley of the Zwickauer Mulde and the opening of the Zwickau – Schwarzenberg in 1858, Schedewitz later also received a stop. The pits on Schedewitzer Flur were connected to the rail network by numerous connecting tracks of the coal railways. As a result of the coal mining in the Zwickau hard coal district , several coking plants were built in Schedewitz , of which the coking plant near the trust shaft (today's location of the Glück-Auf-Center and the Zwickau town hall) was the most important. Through the successor industries of hard coal, such as factories in the metal, textile, paper, flower, chemical and ceramic industries, the place was further industrialized. The community, which was prosperous from mining, was connected to the Zwickau tram from 1894 .
Schedewitz was incorporated into Zwickau on January 1, 1923. In the 1950s, Schedewitz and the Bockwa district were the most populous district of Zwickau. After the incorporation, the Zwickau mountain school was housed in the now free town hall in 1924 and remained there until 1949. In 1937, construction of the stadium, now known as the Westsachsenstadion, began on the dump site of the former club's luck shaft . The inauguration of the sports facility on Geinitzstrasse took place in 1942. As a result of the second district reform in the GDR , Schedewitz came to the Chemnitz district in 1952 as part of the independent city of Zwickau (renamed the Karl-Marx-Stadt district in 1953 ). After the cessation of hard coal mining in the Zwickau district, the "August Bebel" coking plant continued until 1992. The pollution of the environment in Schedewitz during the GDR was enormous due to the air pollution in the coking plant and the pollution of the Zwickauer Mulde by the operation of the Mülsen textile works with dyeing finishing. Furthermore, as a result of the coal mining, there was subsidence and the tilt of some houses.
After the fall of the Wall , the last coke extraction of the coking plant took place in 1992. After all the buildings in the coking plant and the Schedewitz collection station had been demolished and the entire area had been cleared, the "Glück-Auf-Center" was built on the site as a shopping and specialist market center. On May 28, 1999, the city and regional railway line known as the Zwickauer Modell was handed over from the Zwickau main station to the center of Zwickau via a three- rail track . Schedewitz was re-connected to the Zwickau tram network on October 1, 1999. In 1975 the route from Zwickau via Schedewitz to Wilkau-Haßlau was discontinued. On August 6, 2000, next to the Glück-Auf-Center, the Zwickau town hall was opened, which has a combined stop on the railway line to the center of Zwickau and the Zwickau tram. On December 11, 2005, the tram line to the town hall was extended to Neuplanitz . With the incorporation of the city of Zwickau into the district of Zwickau as part of the Saxon district reform in 2008, the district of Schedewitz / Geinitzsiedlung is now in the district of Zwickau.
Consumer cooperative
The consumer association in Schedewitz was founded on October 5, 1868. It was thus one of the oldest consumer associations in Germany that had existed for decades. The socialist connection between the consumer cooperative, trade union and SPD was in place here from an early stage.
At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries In the 19th century, the Schedewitz consumer association was of outstanding importance for the consumer cooperative movement throughout Germany. Its managing director Adolf Gustav Seifert was one of the driving forces behind the founding of a purchasing company for the consumer cooperatives. In 1894, when the Großeinkaufs-Gesellschaft Deutscher Consumvereine mbH (GEG) was founded in Hamburg , the Konsumverein zu Schedewitz signed a total of 3,000 marks from the total of 34,500 marks. That was the highest amount a shareholder paid in when the company was founded.
Two of their representatives later became managing directors in this goods and economic center of the consumer cooperative movement of the Hamburg direction (GEG): Adolf Gustav Seifert from 1902–1920, and Heinrich Lorenz from 1903–1930.
Mining
In the Zwickau hard coal mining area , in which Schedewitz is located, hard coal mining was documented as early as 1348. In Schedewitz, which is seamlessly connected to the southern suburb of Zwickau, coal farmers operated coal mining in numerous coal mines as a peasant side trade.
On January 7, 1839, the Zwickau coal-mining association started the “Verein-Glück-Schacht” on the neighboring Neudörfler Flur. On January 29, 1841, at 160 m depth, it sunk the soot coal seam with a total thickness of 3.5 m . In 1842, about 400 m east of the club's luck shaft on Schedewitzer Flur, the "Aurora shaft" was set up ( 50 ° 41 ′ 55.6 ″ N , 12 ° 29 ′ 23 ″ E ), which reached coal in 1846. It had a rectangular shaft disc measuring 4.88 × 1.7 m. In 1854, both shafts were connected to the Bockwaer coal railway in Schedewitz via a recoil track in the area of today's Schedewitz stop on the Schwarzenberg – Zwickau railway line . In 1849, the Erzgebirgische Steinkohlen-Actien-Verein (EStAV) began to sink the "trust shaft". After the first coal was mined in 1858, the first coke oven went into operation there in 1860. More followed from 1865.
In the period that followed, other larger shafts were built in Schedewitz (underground construction shaft (Nickolay shaft), Hoffnungsschacht) and a highly branched network of connecting railways. The coal mines east of the Zwickauer Mulde were opened up via two coal railways. These were the Oberhohndorf-Reinsdorfer coal railway, opened in 1859 , which was connected to the Zwickau central station via the Schedewitz collection station (freight yard) , and the Brückenbergschachtbahn, opened in 1872 on the northern edge of Schedewitz. In 1915, a new coking plant with 60 coke ovens was opened on the site of the trust shaft.
Many miners who worked in the surrounding shafts of the Zwickau coal field lived and lived in Schedewitz. Around 1920 there were several important hard coal works in the Schedewitz area, such as the Erzgebirgischer Steinkohlen-Aktienverein or the Zwickauer Steinkohlenbauverein . The building fabric suffered considerably from mining . There was mountain damage such as cracks in the walls and tilted houses. Many houses had to be demolished as a result. In 1934 the coking plant at the trust shaft was modernized.
With the cessation of coal mining in Zwickau, Schedewitz and Bockwa also lost their importance. In 1946 the Ore Mountain Coal Stock Association became the VEB “August Bebel” coal works. After dismantling in the trust shaft was stopped in 1946, the coking plant , which shaped the image of the district, continued to operate. Dense clouds of steam with soot flakes rose into the sky each time the coke was extinguished. At low air pressure, these particles settled in the environment, which z. B. led to the fact that no laundry was hung up in such weather conditions.
After the fall of the Wall (1992), coke production was stopped. Parts of the coking plant such as one (of four) coke oven batteries and the shaft festivals of the trust shaft were included in the list of industrial monuments. The former coking plant site was cleared and renovated. The listed components were later demolished. Today there is a shopping center, a hardware store, a furniture store and the Zwickau town hall on the former coking plant and mine site . The mining educational trail from Schedewitz to Oberhohndorf is a reminder of the time of hard coal mining in Schedewitz .
traffic
There are two basin bridges in Schedewitz : the Bockwaer or Old Schedewitzer Bridge and the New Schedewitzer Bridge . The tram line 3 of the municipal transport company Zwickau runs through the district. It was - albeit with a different route - inaugurated on July 19, 1894 and connected Zwickau with Wilkau – Haßlau via the Bockwaer Bridge. When the new Schedewitzer Bridge was opened on September 29, 1958, the tram and road traffic were guided over it. In 1975 tram traffic to Wilkau – Haßlau was stopped and the tram only ran to Schedewitzer Straße for nine months before line 3 was completely stopped on November 16, 1975. Schedewitz was thus without a tram connection until October 1, 1999, when the newly built line 3 (almost entirely, except for the last few meters, on the old route in Schneeberger Strasse) was opened. The new terminus was at the newly built town hall. With the continuation of line 3 to Neuplanitz on December 11, 2005 Schedewitz received two more stops on the newly built tram.
Since 1998, the Vogtlandbahn has been running as part of the Zwickau model on the Zwickau – Zwickau-Zentrum railway line through Schedewitz to the center of Zwickau. As a special feature, it should be mentioned that from the “Zwickau (Stadthalle)” stop it uses a route on a three-rail track together with line 3 of the Zwickau tram . The section between Zwickau's main train station and the town hall was once part of the Reinsdorf industrial railway , which, like the Schedewitz collection station, was shut down after coal mining ended.
Schedewitz also has the “Zwickau-Schedewitz” stop on the Zwickau – Schwarzenberg line , which is served by the Erzgebirgsbahn , and trains continue to Johanngeorgenstadt on the Czech border.
The numerous industrial railway tracks of the coal mining industry running through Schedewitz, including the now defunct collection station Schedewitz (freight yard), have been closed. Part of the tracks of the Brückenbergschachtbahn is used for a club's trolley trips.
Old Schedewitz Bridge
New Schedewitz Bridge
Railcar of the Vogtlandbahn on the Äusseren Schneeberger Straße, crossing Breithauptstraße
Zwickau-Schedewitz train station (2016) with Bockwa Church in the background
Zwickau Stadthalle stop (2018)
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Others
There was also a porcelain factory and the Zwickau worsted spinning mill in the village . But both no longer exist today.
The Adolph Diesterweg School, built in 1912, was demolished in 2010. In addition to the school master plan, the imbalance of the building caused by the coal mining was a reason for the demolition. On June 22, 2013, the "Glück Auf" swimming pool was opened on the site.
As part of the 900th anniversary of the city of Zwickau, the "Historic Village of Zwickau" was opened in the east of Schedewitz on the banks of the Zwickauer Mulde near the Röhrensteig. The settlement was built like in the times of Slavic settlements in the region. However, it should not have a museum character, but rather an interactive and community-oriented approach.
literature
- Heinrich Kaufmann : The large purchasing company of German consumer associations mb H. GEG. For the 25th anniversary 1894–1919. Hamburg 1919
Web links
- Schedewitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- Urban development concept Zwickau 2020 District description of the southern district. Retrieved October 8, 2018 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Manfred Wilde : The sorcery and witch trials in Kursachsen , Cologne, Weimar, Vienna 2003, p. 652.
- ^ The Röhrensteg on the website of the city of Zwickau
- ^ Karlheinz Blaschke , Uwe Ulrich Jäschke : Kursächsischer Ämteratlas. Leipzig 2009, ISBN 978-3-937386-14-0 ; P. 64 f.
- ↑ The Zwickau administrative authority in the municipal register 1900
- ↑ Neudörfel in the Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ The history of the SVZ. (PDF; 144 kB) (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; Retrieved January 4, 2011 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Starting shot for demolition in Schedewitz - Diesterweg school disappears. (No longer available online.) In: sächsisches-tageblatt.de. August 2, 2010, formerly in the original ; Retrieved July 10, 2015 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ↑ a b New: "Glück-Auf" swimming pool. (Pdf, 3.5 MB) Opening of the major GGZ project on June 22, 2013. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on July 15, 2015 ; Retrieved July 10, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Website of the historic village of Zwickau
24 Auerbach | 51 Bockwa | 44 fire | 59 Cainsdorf | 37 Crosses | 22 Eckersbach Siedlung / 25 Eckersbach E 5-I / 26 Eckersbach E 5-II / 27 Eckersbach E 1- E 4 | 21 Geb. Äuß. Dresdner Str./Pöhlauer Str. | 28 Talstr./ Trillerberg area | 41 Reichenb. Str./ Freedom Settlement | 34 Hartmannsdorf | 56 Hüttelsgrün | 11 downtown | 42 Marienthal East / 43 Marienthal West | Maxhütte | 12 center-north / 13 center-west / 14 center-south | 36 Moselle | 55 Neuplanitz | 33 Niederhohndorf | 54 Niederplanitz | 15 Nordvorstadt | 52 Oberhohndorf | 57 Oberplanitz | 35 Oberrothenbach | 23 Pöhlau | 31 Pölbitz | 58 Rottmannsdorf | 53 Schedewitz / Geinitzsiedlung | 38 Schneppendorf | 39 Schlunzig | 32 Weissenborn