Niederplanitz

Niederplanitz City of Zwickau Coordinates: 50 ° 41 ′ 20 ″  N , 12 ° 28 ′ 49 ″  E
Residents :	5281  (Sep 2013)
Incorporation :	July 1, 1923
Incorporated into:	Planitz
Postal code :	08062
Area code :	0375
Location of Niederplanitz in Saxony
Former town hall of Planitz

Niederplanitz is a district of the city of Zwickau , which has been the district town of the Zwickau district in the Free State of Saxony since 2008 . The place is in the district of Zwickau-Süd and has the official number 54. Between July 1, 1923 and December 31, 1943 Niederplanitz was part of the city of Planitz , which became part of the city of Zwickau through incorporation. Between 1971 and 1981, the large housing estate Neuplanitz was built in the western corridor of Niederplanitz in prefabricated construction, which is now run as a separate district.

geography

location

Zwickau Parts of the Town

Niederplanitz is located in the center of the southern Zwickau urban area. Today's local corridor is partially bounded in the west by the Planitzbach and in the east by the Zwickauer Mulde . In the south of Niederplanitz is the Planitz Castle with the castle park.

Neighboring places

	Reichenbacher Straße and Freiheitsiedlung area	Schedewitz
Neuplanitz		Bockwa
	Oberplanitz	Cainsdorf

history

Planitz Castle

In the time around 1100 the area around Planitz was settled by Slavs . The name "plaw" comes from them, which means "flowing watercourse" or "Schwemmbach". German settlement began around 1150. During this time Planitz Castle was built in what is now Niederplanitz. A distinction between Ober- and Niederplanitz was not made until the 16th century. With Ludovicus de Plavniz , the Lords of Planitz were first mentioned in a document on December 8, 1192 in Merseburg . The direct trunk line begins with him . The place and the castle Planitz were in the 12th and 13th centuries in the possession of the bailiffs von Weida , who enfeoffed the lords of Planitz with it. From 1406 they became vassals of the Margrave of Meißen . In January 1430 the Hussites raged in the village and burned down a number of farms and houses in addition to the castle. The von der Planitz family then had the castle rebuilt. In 1572 Christoph von der Planitz had to sell the original property for 40,000 guilders to Georg von Schönburg auf Glauchau and Waldenburg , who in 1579 sold it to Joachim von Beust (1522–1597), a law professor from Wittenberg, for 40,500 guilders . In the period that followed, the lordship of Planitz with the castle and the associated towns and lands changed hands several times.

Oberplanitz and Niederplanitz

Since the 16th century, a distinction has been made between Oberplanitz (mentioned in 1551) and Niederplanitz (mentioned in 1530). Both places belonged to the manor of the manor Planitz . Until 1856, Niederplanitz belonged to the Electoral Saxon or Royal Saxon Office of Zwickau . In 1856 the place came to the Zwickau court office and in 1875 to the Zwickau administration . Due to coal mining and the beginning of industrialization, an upswing and increase in population began in Niederplanitz as well. In the course of the second half of the 19th century, the Planitz pits in the Zwickau coalfield were also connected to the railway. The Schwarzenberg – Zwickau railway only touched Niederplanitz on the eastern edge. The originally planned route of the Zwickau – Falkenstein railway through Planitz was also not implemented due to the negative attitude of the Planitz landowners. Only with the opening of the Zwickau – Planitz railway line, which was initially only used for freight traffic , Niederplanitz received a railway connection in 1907. The former train station was located in what is now Findeisenweg, east of the current tram stop in Neuplanitz. The extension of the railway line to Oberplanitz was never realized.

On July 1, 1923, the communities of Ober- and Niederplanitz were merged to form the municipality of Planitz , which was the largest village in Saxony until it was granted town charter on May 8, 1924 . Through an exchange of territory in 1939, the area of ​​the Cainsdorf stop on the Schwarzenberg – Zwickau railway line came to the city of Planitz. As a result, the station was renamed Planitz-Cainsdorf in 1940 .

As part of the city of Planitz, Niederplanitz became a district of the independent city of Zwickau through incorporation on January 1, 1944. After passenger traffic was started in 1949 on the Zwickau – Planitz railway line, which existed until 1969, Planitz , which was incorporated into Zwickau in 1944, now had two stations with the name Planitz . In order to avoid confusion, in 1951 the Planitz-Cainsdorf station was renamed to Cainsdorf and the Planitz station on the Zwickau – Planitz railway line was renamed Zwickau-Planitz . As a result of the second district reform in the GDR , Niederplanitz came as a district of Zwickau in 1952 to the Chemnitz district (renamed Karl-Marx-Stadt district in 1953 ), which existed until 1990. Thereafter, Niederplanitz belonged to the independent city of Zwickau in the Free State of Saxony, which has been part of the Saxon district of Zwickau as a major district town since 2008.

Neuplanitz

On April 28, 1973, the foundation stone for the Neuplanitz prefabricated housing estate was laid in the western corridor of Niederplanitz . The construction phase lasts until 1981. Neuplanitz is the second largest panel building area in the city of Zwickau after Eckersbach E5. Although it is run as a separate district, it is located in the Niederplanitz town hall. On December 11, 2005, the extension of the Zwickau tram from the town hall in Schedewitz to Neuplanitz was opened. After the Planitz Palace was converted into the town hall in March 1935, after the Second World War it was initially a military hospital, then briefly a barracks for around 60 Soviet soldiers and from around 1948 onwards the palace temporarily served as accommodation for Bismut workers. From 1955 the castle was used as a school for the German People's Police and as the headquarters of the transport police . After the renovation and restoration in 1991–1993, the Clara-Wieck-Gymnasium , an educational institution with a focus on music , moved into the building of the Planitz Castle .

Coal mining and industrial history of Planitz

Although the Planitz coal deposits had been known since the 10th century, they were only used on a small scale for the extraction of forged and fired coal until the beginning of industrialization . In 1474 there was a coal fire , presumably through spontaneous combustion, with the first Planitz earth fire , which could not be extinguished until 1490. During the Thirty Years' War , the Second Planitz earth fire in the soot-coal seam, which could not be fought successfully with the available means , is allegedly caused by Swedish arson . From 1837 to 1868, the botanist and chemist Ernst August Geitner set up the Geithner foreground gardening on the Flur Am Hammerwald in Niederplanitz , which used the warmth of the burning Planitz coal seam. Geitner directed the warm emissions of the coal fires into greenhouses , in which he grew southern plants such as palm trees , orchids , cocoa plants , bamboo and banana plants . With the extinction of the coal fires, the time of gardening also ended . The last nests of fire were not finally extinguished until 1880.

From the 16th century onwards, after the near-surface supplies had been exhausted, more and more mining with small shafts and hand reels was used. Up until the 19th century there were no mining companies in the Zwickau district, the funding was provided by the Planitz manor and as a sideline by so-called "coal farmers" and day laborers. It was not until von Arnim - owner of the Planitz estate - that a modern mining company was founded in 1830 with the von Arnim coal works . The basis for this was the coal mandate of 1743, because before the coal mining was exclusively the property of the landowner, after that anyone could mine coal against compensation from the landowner. A further prerequisite was the row loading , abolished in 1823 , in which coal was sold according to a fixed sequence for each miner . Other large companies were established by 1868. Average production rose from around 2,900 tons of hard coal in the 18th century to over 2.5 million tons of hard coal per year at the beginning of the 20th century. This favored the development of Zwickau into an industrial city.

traffic

Former station building in Niederplanitz

The main roads through Niederplanitz are “Lengenfelder Straße” and “Innere Zwickauer Straße”. The federal highway 93 is reached via the street "Am Hammerwald" . The federal motorway 72 , junction "Zwickau-West" can be reached via state road 293 in the west of the town .

The western town hall is bounded by the Zwickau – Falkenstein railway line , from which the Zwickau – Planitz railway branched off between 1907 and 1969 . Between 1949 and 1969 people were also transported here. The eastern corridor is bounded by the Schwarzenberg – Zwickau railway line ; the “Cainsdorf” stop has been in the Niederplanitzer corridor since 1939 due to an exchange of space.

One of the first Zwickau bus routes ran to Planitz from 1912 to 1914 and then again from 1919 to 1922, and finally from 1924 onwards. Today the bus route 27 runs through Niederplanitz to Marienthal, the bus route 10 from Weißenborn / Niederhohndorf / city center runs partly through Niederplanitz.

Attractions

Planitz, Lukaskirche

• Planitz Castle - baroque complex of a former manor house, today's Clara-Wieck-Gymnasium .
• Lukaskirche - landmark of the place, right next to the castle park and opposite the castle, built 1873–76 by Gotthilf Ludwig Möckel , renovated after years of vacancy ( landmark visible from afar ).
• The palace park was redesigned around 1870 according to plans by Eduard Petzold , the tea house , a garden pavilion from the late Rococo period with influences from the Chinoiserie from 1789.

Web links

Commons : Niederplanitz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Niederplanitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
• Niederplanitz in the district description of Zwickau (PDF)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Planitz Castle at www.sachsens-schlösser.de
2. ^ Karlheinz Blaschke , Uwe Ulrich Jäschke : Kursächsischer Ämteratlas. Leipzig 2009, ISBN 978-3-937386-14-0 ; P. 64 f.
3. ↑ The Zwickau administrative authority in the municipal register 1900
4. ^ Norbert Peschke: Planitz . Experienced history (=  the series of archive images ). Sutton, 1999, ISBN 978-3-89702-148-8 , pp. 16 ( online [accessed July 13, 2016]).
5. ↑ Niederplanitz on gov.genealogy.net
6. ↑ Planitz on gov.genealogy.net.
7. ↑ Planitz on the Zwickautopia website ( Memento from April 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
8. ^ The Cainsdorf train station on www.sachsenschiene.de
9. ^ Klaus Tippmann: Zwickau . FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1981, p. 37 (illustrated book, photos: Klaus Morgenstern).
10. ↑ Ulrich Thaut: Planitz border crossings (4). (PDF; 3.0 MB) (No longer available online.) In: Der Planitzer. Pp. 8–9 , archived from the original on October 16, 2013 ; Retrieved on December 27, 2012 : “All new planers are, despite some prejudices, undisputedly“ correct planers ”.” Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
11. ^ Norbert Peschke : The historical development of Planitz , accessed on November 30, 2012.
12. ^ Silver, coal, uranium - mining around Zwickau. P. 52.
13. ^ Silver, coal, uranium - mining around Zwickau. P. 16 f.
14. ^ Silver, coal, uranium - mining around Zwickau. P. 18.
15. ^ Silver, coal, uranium - mining around Zwickau. P. 20.