Oberhohndorf

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Oberhohndorf
City of Zwickau
Coat of arms of Oberhohndorf
Coordinates: 50 ° 41 ′ 55 ″  N , 12 ° 30 ′ 30 ″  E
Height : 300 m above sea level NHN
Area : 1.96 km²
Residents : 2299  (Jun. 30, 2011)
Population density : 1,173 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : January 1, 1944
Postal code : 08056
Area code : 0375
Fire station of the volunteer fire brigade
Fire station of the volunteer fire brigade

Oberhohndorf is a district of the city of Zwickau , which has been the district town of the Zwickau district in the Free State of Saxony since 2008 . The Oberhohndorf district is located in the Zwickau-Süd district and has the official number 52. Oberhohndorf was incorporated into Zwickau in 1944.

geography

location

Zwickau Parts of the Town.png

The extended Gassendorf lies on a ridge south of the Zwickauer Mulde that extends approximately in an east-west direction. The western slope of the ridge drops steeply to the Bockwaer Senke and is called "Switzerland". In Oberhohndorf there are other settlements that were built in the 19th century and were named "America" ​​and "Tyrol" according to their architectural style.

Neighboring places

Outer Dresdner Strasse / Pöhlauer Strasse area
Schedewitz / Geinitzsiedlung Neighboring communities Reinsdorf
Bockwa Niederhasslau Vielau

history

Röhrensteg Zwickau

Oberhohndorf was first mentioned in a document in 1219 as "Hoendorf". In that year, the Margrave of Meissen , Dietrich the Oppressed , relocated the Cistercian monastery from Zwickau to Eisenberg . In this context, the Gassendorf Hoendorf , which is under the jurisdiction of Zwickau, was mentioned, as it had to surrender its tithe to the Cistercian convent Eisenberg . In 1273 the city gave Judge Henry Roßmarkt with seigniorial permit the upper half of the town, along with the case lying forest the Cistercian - grünhain abbey . Roßmarkt left the remaining part of his property in Hoendorf to Burgrave Meinher zu Meißen in 1278. As a result, the residents of the village no longer had to pay the grain, barley and oats to the Grünhain monastery, but rather to the pastor in the Grünhain monastery to the neighboring town of Bockwa and to the Zwickau office. In 1289 the Grünhain monastery received full jurisdiction over Hoendorf. This was confirmed again in 1310. In the following time, Hoendorf was called "Oberhohndorf" and that was called " Niederhohndorf " to better distinguish the Hoendorf north of Zwickau .

After the dissolution of the Grünhain monastery in the course of the Reformation , the lordly, electoral Saxon office of Grünhain was formed from its possessions in 1533 . The villages around Zwickau were detached from this in 1536 and added to the Zwickau district as official villages. Also in 1533 Oberhohndorf was parish off to Bockwa . The Röhrensteg between Oberhohndorf and Schedewitz was first mentioned in the same year . This covered wooden bridge, which brought drinking water from the Reinsdorfer Grund over the Zwickauer Mulde to Zwickau in wooden pipelines , was torn away in 1546 by an ice drive. It has existed in its current form since 1790. In 1830 the new Wildenfelser Strasse was built through the town.

Until 1856, Oberhohndorf belonged to the Electoral Saxon or Royal Saxon Office of Zwickau . In 1856 the place came to the Zwickau court office and in 1875 to the Zwickau administration . In the 19th century Oberhohndorf was a center of the Zwickau coal mining area . After the turn of the century, most of the shafts gradually closed. As the last hard coal works on Oberhohndorfer Flur, the Zwickau-Oberhohndorfer hard coal mining association stopped the production in 1936. Oberhohndorf received a volunteer fire brigade in 1874 and a new school in 1899.

With the dissolution of the municipality of Bockwa on April 1, 1939, ordered by the Reich Governor of Saxony , the municipality of Oberhohndorf received the lower part of this municipality, called "Altbockwa", which is located east of the Zwickauer Mulde. This extends from the land border with Oberhohndorf to the Schmelzbach including the Bockwaer Friedhof to the middle of the Zwickauer Mulde.

On January 1, 1944, the municipality of Oberhohndorf, which had around 4500 inhabitants at that time, was incorporated into the independent city of Zwickau. Through the second district reform in the GDR , Oberhohndorf came to the Chemnitz district in 1952 as part of the independent city of Zwickau (renamed the Karl-Marx-Stadt district in 1953 ). As part of the Saxon district reform in 2008 , the town of Zwickau, which has been in the Free State of Saxony since 1990, was incorporated into the Zwickau district, which means that the Oberhondorf district is now also in the Zwickau district. The part of Bockwa that was once incorporated into Oberhohndorf forms its own district within the city of Zwickau.

History of coal mining in Oberhohndorf

House of the Oberhohndorfer porcelain manufacturer Friedrich Kästner
Participation certificate for 50 RM from the Zwickau-Oberhohndorfer Steinkohlenbauverein dated March 31, 1926

The hard coal finds in Oberhohndorf were first documented in writing in 1348. The next evidence comes from the 16th century. In 1525, Duke Johann von Sachsen issued a mining prescription for Martin Römer , a citizen of Zwickau, about a mine in Hoendorf near Zwickau. In 1530 further hard coal deposits were found on Oberhohndorfer Flur . In 1532 the first coal regulations came into force.

The coal mining had a decisive influence on the development of the place in the following centuries. The hard coal was won by "coal farmers" in open pit and underground mining in the winter when the field work was idle. The farmers were enfeoffed with coal justice by the city of Zwickau.

Due to the location on the ridge, the Oberhohndorfer mines were able to extract the coal without expensive dewatering , the mine water flowed over the Bockwa-Hohndorfer main adit and the Gnaspe or Knaspestolln into the Zwickauer Mulde . In spite of this, the mining industry had already penetrated under the tunnel sole in 1826 , so that the first steam engine in the Zwickau district was installed on the “Junge Wolfgang” shaft . It served at the same time for coal extraction and mine drainage. In 1830 the first four coke ovens in the Zwickau district were built in Oberhohndorf.

The most important Oberhohndorfer hard coal works in the 19th and 20th centuries were the Zwickau-Oberhohndorfer hard coal mining association with the Wilhelm shafts, the Oberhohndorfer Schader hard coal mining association with the Hermann, Augustus and Schader shafts, and the Friedrich Ebert Erben hard coal works in the far east of the community and the Oberhohndorfer Forst-Steinkohlenbauverein with the forest shaft on the Muldenufer, just a little east of the new Schedewitzer bridge. The Oberhohndorf-Reinsdorfer Coal Railway was set up on May 10, 1858 to remove the coal mined there . In 1858 and 1859, the company built the Oberhohndorf-Reinsdorfer coal railway, an industrial line that began at the Schedewitz transfer station (today's area of ​​the Zwickau town hall and the Glück-Auf-Center) and, regardless of the steep terrain, led to the shafts at Oberhohndorf and Reinsdorf .

At the beginning of the 20th century, most of the shafts gradually closed and profitable operation of the coal railway was no longer possible. As the last hard coal works on Oberhohndorfer Flur, the Zwickau-Oberhohndorfer hard coal mining association stopped the production in 1936. On December 31, 1939, the company dissolved. The tracks and vehicles of the Oberhohndorf-Reinsdorfer coal railway were transferred to the Deutsche Reichsbahn , which continued to operate the route network as the Reinsdorfer industrial railway . The area of ​​the forest shaft was overturned by the dump belonging to the Erzgebirgisches Steinkohlen-Actien-Verein . This dump extends on the north side along Wildenfelser Straße and blocks the view of the city of Zwickau. In total there were well over 23 shafts in Oberhohndorf. The dumps were greened in the 1970s.

The industrial utilization of coal gave rise to new industries, and the mining entrepreneur Florentin Kästner founded the Kaestner porcelain factory in Oberhohndorf in 1882 .

The history of the Oberhohndorfer hard coal mining is illustrated by the mining educational trail from Schedewitz – Oberhohndorf , which was laid out and maintained by the Zwickau hard coal mining association .

  • Binge of the Frisch-Glück-Schacht I

  • Mining educational trail no.15

Population development

date population
1553/54 27
1764 21st
1834 166
1871 953
1890 1492
1910 2169
1925 3167
1939 4418
date population
December 31, 1998 2.156
December 31, 2000 2,266
December 31, 2002 2,363
December 31, 2004 2,356
December 31, 2005 2,357
June 30, 2011 2,299

traffic

The federal highway 93 runs to the west of Oberhohndorf . This is connected via the "Wildenfelser Straße" through Oberhohndorf with the federal motorway 72 , exit "Zwickau-Ost".

At the time of hard coal mining in Oberhohndorf, the place was connected to the rail network via the Oberhohndorf-Reinsdorfer coal railway , which was later continued as the Reinsdorfer Industriebahn . Only goods traffic took place on this route.

Personalities

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistical Information 1/2011  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.zwickau.de  
  2. ^ The Röhrensteg on the website of the city of Zwickau
  3. ^ Karlheinz Blaschke , Uwe Ulrich Jäschke : Kursächsischer Ämteratlas. Leipzig 2009, ISBN 978-3-937386-14-0 ; P. 64 f.
  4. ↑ The Zwickau administrative authority in the municipal register 1900
  5. ↑ Oberhohndorf on gov.genealogy.net
  6. ^ Emil Herzog: Chronicle of the district town of Zwickau . Annual history. 1st part. R. Zückler, Zwickau 1845, p. 46 ff . ( google.de ).
  7. ^ Johann Friedrich Lempe: Magazine for mining science . With copper. Seventh part. Waltherische Hofbuchhandlung, Dresden 1790, p. 53 ff . ( google.de ).
  8. ↑ Hubert Kiesewetter: The industrial penetration of the Zwickau hard coal region . In: Toni Pierenkemper (Ed.): The industrialization of European mining regions in the 19th century . Steiner, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 978-3-515-07841-2 , 4.2 The founding of companies, p. 126 .
  9. ↑ Zwickau coal mining association e. V. Accessed January 2, 2013 .
  10. ↑ Oberhohndorf in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
  11. ↑ Urban development concept of the city of Zwickau 2020 (status: December 2006) as well as statistical information of the city of Zwickau 2006/2 and 2007/1.
  12. ↑ Statistical Information 1/2011  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.4 MB)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.zwickau.de  
  13. ^ Albert Schwarz, painter. Freie Presse, June 25, 1999, accessed June 13, 2020 .

Web links

Commons : Oberhohndorf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files