Bravo (magazine): Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Citation bot (talk | contribs)
Bots
4,940,795 edits
Add: s2cid. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by FMSky | via #UCB_toolbar
 
(46 intermediate revisions by 23 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|European teen magazine}}
{{For|the Romanian magazine|Bravo (Romanian magazine)}}
{{For|the Romanian magazine|Bravo (Romanian magazine)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox magazine
{{Infobox magazine
|title=Bravo
| title = Bravo
| image_file = Bravomagazine.jpg
| image_file = Bravomagazine.jpg
| image_caption = [[Ashley Tisdale]] on the cover
| image_size =
| editor = Alex Germandt
| image_caption = [[Ashley Tisdale]] on the cover
| editor_title = [[Editor-in-Chief]]
| editor = Nadine Nordmann
| editor_title = [[Editor-in-Chief]]
| founder = Peter Boenisch
| frequency = Weekly (1956-2015)<br>Biweekly (2015-2020)<br>Monthly (2020-present)
| founder = Peter Boenisch
| total_circulation = 45,282 (Q1 2022)
| frequency = monthly
| paid_circulation =53,127 (Q4/2012)
| category = [[Teenage]]
| company = [[Bauer Media Group|Heinrich Bauer Zeitschriften Verlag KG]]
| total_circulation= 258,932 (Q4/2012)
| category = [[Teenage]]
| publisher = Pabel Moewig
| founded = {{start date and age|df=y|1956|8|26}}
| company = [[Bauer Media Group|Heinrich Bauer Zeitschriften Verlag KG]]
| country = [[Germany]], [[Poland]], [[Czechoslovakia]] (after 1992 [[Czech Republic]] and [[Slovakia]]), [[Portugal]], [[Serbia]], [[Slovenia]], [[Bravo (Romanian magazine)|Romania]], [[Hungary]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Russia]]
| publisher = Pabel Moewig
| language = [[German language|German]], [[Czech language|Czech]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]], [[Slovenian language|Slovenian]], [[Polish language|Polish]], [[Romanian language|Romanian]], [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]], [[Russian language|Russian]]
| founded = {{start date and age|df=y|1956|8|26}}
| based = [[Hamburg]]
| country = [[Germany]], [[Poland]], [[Czechoslovakia]] after 1992 [[Czech Republic]] and [[Slovakia]], [[Portugal]], [[Serbia]], [[Slovenia]], [[Bravo (Romanian magazine)|Romania]], [[Hungary]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Russia]]
| website = {{URL|bravo.de}}
| language = [[German language|German]], [[Czech language|Czech]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]], [[Slovenian language|Slovenian]], [[Polish language|Polish]], [[Romanian language|Romanian]], [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]], [[Russian language|Russian]]
| based = [[Munich]]
| issn = 0406-9595
| website = [http://www.bravo.de/ Bravo.de]
| issn =
}}
}}
'''''Bravo''''' is the largest [[teen magazine]] within the [[German-speaking Europe|German-language sphere]]. The first issue was published in 1956.
'''''Bravo''''' (stylized in [[all caps]]) is the largest [[teen magazine]] within the [[German-speaking Europe|German-language sphere]]. The first issue was published in 1956.

==History==
==History==
The founder of ''Bravo'' was [[columnist]] [[Peter Boenisch]]. The first issue was published on 26 August 1956<ref>{{cite journal|first=Laura M. | last=Carpenter|title=The First Time/Das Erstes Mal: Approaches to Virginity Loss in U.S. and German Teen Magazines|journal=Youth & Society|date=September 2001|volume=33|issue=1| doi=10.1177/0044118X01033001002| s2cid=145587129}}</ref> with thirty thousand copies printed, cost 50 [[Pfennig]] (equivalent to €{{#expr:({{Inflation|DE|0.50|1956|r=2}} / 1.95583) round 2}} in {{Inflation-year|DE}}). [[Marilyn Monroe]]'s portrait graced the first published issue; the never-published dummy issue cover displayed [[Elvis Presley]].
The founder of ''Bravo'' was [[columnist]] [[Peter Boenisch]]. The first issue was published on 26 August 1956<ref name="R1"/> with thirty thousand copies printed, cost 50 [[Pfennig]] (equivalent to €{{#expr:({{Inflation|DE|0.50|1956|r=2}} / 1.95583) round 2}} in {{Inflation-year|DE}}). [[Marilyn Monroe]]'s portrait graced the first published issue; the never-published dummy issue cover displayed [[Elvis Presley]].

The publication was initially subtitled as "the magazine for film and television" ({{lang|de|„Die Zeitschrift für Film und Fernsehen“}}).
The publication was initially subtitled "The Magazine for Film and Television" ({{lang|de|"Die Zeitschrift für Film und Fernsehen"}}).
Issue number 13/57 was released on 31 March 1957 with the new subtitle "the magazine with the young heart" ({{lang|de|„Die Zeitschrift mit dem jungen Herzen“}}) as well as "film, television, pop music" ({{lang|de|„Film, Fernsehen, Schlager“}}) which disappeared soon afterwards. Starting from issue 34/57 (13 August 1957) the magazine no longer had any subtitles underscoring its newfound focus.
Issue number 13/57 was released on 31 March 1957 with the new subtitle "The magazine with the young heart" ({{lang|de|"Die Zeitschrift mit dem jungen Herzen"}}) as well as "film, television, pop music" ({{lang|de|"Film, Fernsehen, Schlager"}}) which disappeared soon afterwards. Starting from issue 34/57 (13 August 1957) the magazine no longer had any subtitles underscoring its newfound focus.

In 1968 ''Bravo'' began to be published weekly by Pabel Moewig, a subsidiary of [[Bauer Media Group|Bauer Verlagsgruppe]]<ref>{{cite news|first=Carla | last=Bleiker|title=Publishing house terminates German pulp mag 'Der Landser'|url=http://www.dw.de/publishing-house-terminates-german-pulp-mag-der-landser/a-16989362|access-date=14 April 2015|work=Deutsche Welle|date=16 September 2013}}</ref> in [[Hamburg]]; the editorial office however remained in [[Munich]].
In 1968 ''Bravo'' began to be published weekly by Pabel Moewig, a subsidiary of [[Bauer Media Group|Bauer Verlagsgruppe]]<ref name="R2"/> in [[Hamburg]]; the editorial office however remained in [[Munich]].

In the 1970s the magazine sold more than one million copies. By 1996 each issue still sold around 1.4 million issues.<ref>''Märkische Oderzeitung - Journal'', 26./27. August 2006, S. 4</ref> ''Bravo'' had a circulation of 825,800 copies in 1999.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Ingomar Kloss|author2=M. Abe|title=Advertising Worldwide: Advertising Conditions in Selected Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8-kg-A7_nyAC&pg=PA130|access-date=29 March 2015|date=1 January 2001|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-540-67713-0|page=130}}</ref> Afterwards the circulation fell steeply. In 2006 the magazine sold around 460,379 copies.<ref>[https://archive.is/20130210202356/http://www.bauerverlag.de/bravo.0.html Heinrich Bauer Verlag: BRAVO]</ref> In 2010 the circulation of the magazine was 512,358 copies, making it the best-selling teenager magazine in Europe.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Magazine Trends 2010/2011 |url=http://www.revistas-ari.com/attachments/209_WMT_2010_2011_Europe.pdf |work=FIPP |access-date=2 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402165145/http://www.revistas-ari.com/attachments/209_WMT_2010_2011_Europe.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref>
In the 1970s the magazine sold more than one million copies. By 1996 each issue still sold around 1.4 million issues.<ref name="R3"/> ''Bravo'' had a circulation of 825,800 copies in 1999.<ref name="R4"/> Afterwards the circulation fell steeply. In 2006 the magazine sold around 460,379 copies.<ref name="R5"/> In 2010 the circulation of the magazine was 512,358 copies, making it the best-selling teenage magazine in Europe.<ref name="R6"/>

In February 2017, Bravo stopped publishing in Spain with issue 552.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.es/2017/02/24/cierre-revista-bravo_n_14981198.html|title=Cierra la revista 'Bravo' tras 21 años y 552 números en los quioscos|date=24 February 2017|work=El Huffington Post|access-date=23 November 2017|language=es-ES}}</ref> However, editions are still published in some other countries.
In February 2017, ''Bravo'' stopped publishing in Spain with issue 552.<ref name="R7"/> However, editions are still published in some other countries.

American pop singer [[Britney Spears]], who was a teen phenomenon in the late 90s and early 00s, holds the record for most appearances on the cover (56).<ref>{{Citation|last=Leandro Jacobini presents Britney Tube|title=Queens Of Pop Britney Spears Germany Special 2011 HD|date=26 January 2017|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGJ8KZAhWUI|access-date=20 February 2018}}</ref>
American pop singer [[Britney Spears]], who was a teen phenomenon in the late 1990s and early 2000s, holds the record for most appearances on the cover (56).<ref name="R8"/>


==Focus group and classic columns==
==Focus group and classic columns==
''Bravo'' covers topics which primarily interest [[youth]]s, among which are current information on [[Celebrity|pop]] and [[movie star]]s, as well as relationship and [[sex]] counseling.
''Bravo'' covers topics which primarily interest youths, among which are current information on [[Celebrity|pop]] and movie stars, as well as relationship and sex counseling.

Under the pseudonyms "Dr. Christoph Vollmer" and "Dr. Kirsten Lindstroem" the then-47-year-old author of romance novels Marie Louise Fischer gave advice on relationships (''Knigge für Verliebte'', ''Liebe ohne Geheimnis'') from 1964 to 1969. Martin Goldstein started to contribute to the magazine on 20 October 1969.<ref name="goldstein">{{Citation|first=Erwin | last=In het Panhuis |title=Zum Tod von Martin Goldstein |date=31 August 2012 |url=http://www.jugendkulturen.de/martin-goldstein.html |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130206184958/http://www.jugendkulturen.de/martin-goldstein.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 February 2013 |access-date=1 September 2012 }}</ref>), a practising doctor, [[psychotherapist]], and religion teacher, he took over and replied to readers' questions under the pseudonym "Dr. Jochen Sommer". Goldstein had made a name for himself in [[sex education]] with the publications ''Anders als bei Schmetterlingen'' and ''Lexikon der Aufklärung''. Later, he answered questions about sex as "Dr. Korff", while "Dr. Sommer" concentrated on psychological questions.{{Citation needed|date=December 2018}}
Under the pseudonyms "Dr. Christoph Vollmer" and "Dr. Kirsten Lindstroem" the then-47-year-old author of romance novels Marie Louise Fischer gave advice on relationships (''Knigge für Verliebte'', ''Liebe ohne Geheimnis'') from 1964 to 1969. Martin Goldstein started to contribute to the magazine on 20 October 1969.<ref name="goldstein"/> A practising doctor, psychotherapist, and religion teacher, he took over and replied to readers' questions under the pseudonym "Dr. Jochen Sommer". Goldstein had made a name for himself in [[sex education]] with the publications ''Anders als bei Schmetterlingen'' and ''Lexikon der Aufklärung''. Later, he answered questions about sex as "Dr. Korff", while "Dr. Sommer" concentrated on psychological questions.{{Citation needed|date=December 2018}}

From the early 1970s on, a whole group replied to questions. The editors put value in the fact that the "Dr.-Sommer-Team" continued to be made up of experts. At its peak ''Bravo'' received around 3000 to 5000 letters on [[puberty]] and [[Human sexuality|sexuality]] per week. In 2006, 400 letters were still received.{{Citation needed|date=December 2018}}
From the early 1970s on, a whole group replied to questions. The editors put value in the fact that the "Dr.-Sommer-Team" continued to be made up of experts. At its peak ''Bravo'' received around 3000 to 5000 letters on puberty and sexuality per week. In 2006, 400 letters were still received.{{Citation needed|date=December 2018}}

''Bravo'' made noticeably strong use of [[Anglicism]] and "[[Denglisch]]" starting in the 1980s, long before this became a mainstream phenomenon.{{Citation needed|date=December 2018}}
''Bravo'' made noticeably strong use of [[Anglicism]] and "[[Denglisch]]" starting in the 1980s, long before this became a mainstream phenomenon.{{Citation needed|date=December 2018}}

''Bravo'' was – primarily in the 1970s and 1980s – formative for generations of German youths and teenagers,<ref>''Pop 2000'' (ARD), episode 4 ''1968-1970: Sex & Drugs & Rebellion''.</ref> which resulted in the paper's nickname of {{lang|de|"Pickel-Prawda"}} ([[pimple]]-[[Pravda]]){{Citation needed|date=April 2009}}. The magazine was sometimes confiscated in schools by teachers. Many of today's adults received all of their sexual education from the articles by the Dr. Sommer team.<ref>''Pop 2000'' (ARD), episode 8 ''1982-1985: Gib Gas, ich will Spaß''.</ref><ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/international/love-sex-and-tenderness-dr-sommer-the-birds-and-the-bees-a-417080.html Love, Sex and Tenderness: Dr. Sommer, the Birds and the Bees] ''Der Spiegel''.</ref> Within the former [[German Democratic Republic|GDR]] (East Germany) the magazine was forbidden, but still very popular and traded for high prices.{{Citation needed|date=December 2018}} ''Bravo'' played an influential part in promoting pop groups and artists in Germany.{{Citation needed|date=December 2018}}
''Bravo'' was – primarily in the 1970s and 1980s – formative for generations of German youths and teenagers,<ref name="R9"/> which resulted in the paper's nickname of {{lang|de|"Pickel-Prawda"}} ([[pimple]]-[[Pravda]]).{{Citation needed|date=April 2009}} The magazine was sometimes confiscated in schools by teachers. Many of today's adults received all of their sexual education from the articles by the Dr. Sommer team.<ref name="R10"/><ref name="R11"/> Within the former [[German Democratic Republic|GDR]] (East Germany) the magazine was forbidden, but still very popular and traded for high prices.{{Citation needed|date=December 2018}} ''Bravo'' played an influential part in promoting pop groups and artists in Germany.{{Citation needed|date=December 2018}}

In addition to the idea of the Dr.-Sommer-team, ''Bravo'' invented the so-called ''Bravo-Starschnitt'' (''star cut''), a [[puzzle]] of a life-sized poster of a celebrity. Every new issue provided one cutout piece. The first Starschnitt-feature began in 1959 and was a poster of [[Brigitte Bardot]].
In addition to the idea of the Dr.-Sommer-team, ''Bravo'' invented the so-called ''Bravo-Starschnitt'' (''star cut''), a [[puzzle]] of a life-sized poster of a celebrity. Every new issue provided one cutout piece. The first Starschnitt-feature began in 1959 and was a poster of [[Brigitte Bardot]].

==Controversies==
==Controversies==
===Sexual content===
===Sexual content===
In 1972, two issues with articles on [[masturbation]] were indexed (prohibited for sale to under-age customers) because they were deemed youth-endangering.{{Citation needed|date=December 2018}}
In 1972, two issues with articles on [[masturbation]] were 'indexed' (prohibited for sale to under-age customers) by the [[Federal Department for Media Harmful to Young Persons]], because they were deemed youth-endangering.{{Citation needed|date=December 2018}}

===Former depictions of child nudity===
===Former depictions of teenage nudity===
The magazine was controversial internationally for its section ''Dr. Sommer's That's Me!'', which often featured sex interviews and full frontal nude photos of teen models aged between 14 to 20, which was later changed to 16 to 20 in the early 2000s.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101120044628/http://www.nesh.de/index.php?menu=&template=redaktion_2&contentID=0&themenID=17&detail=144 Models für Aufklärungsproduktion] ''Nesh''. Retrieved 2 April 2015.</ref><ref>[https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2014-11/sexualstrafrecht-kinderpornographie]</ref> While this was legal in [[Germany]], it caused problems with international child pornography laws. The magazine often worked around the laws by having the models hold the camera's shutter button themselves, thereby showing explicit consent. One former model told interviewers that he did not know his nude image was going to be sold by the photographer to ''Bravo'' for publication in ''That's Me!''<ref>[https://crowdspondent.de/2016/08/26/ich-war-nackt-in-der-bravo/]</ref>
The magazine was controversial internationally for its section ''Dr. Sommer's That's Me!'', which often featured sex interviews and full frontal nude photos of teen models aged between 14 and 20, which was later changed to 16 to 20 in the early 2000s.<ref name="R12"/><ref name="R13"/> While this was legal in Germany, it caused problems with international child pornography laws. The magazine often worked around the laws by having the models hold the camera's shutter button themselves, thereby showing explicit consent. One former model told interviewers that he did not know his nude image was going to be sold by the photographer to ''Bravo'' for publication in ''That's Me!''<ref name="R14"/>

From the early 2010s onwards, the magazine would rename the feature to ''Dr. Sommer's Bodycheck'' and feature those only aged between 18 and 25.
A [[Netherlands|Dutch]] magazine called ''Break Out!'' was modelled on ''Bravo''.<ref>[https://www.vice.com/en_au/article/nndxeg/what-dutch-children-bought-in-secret]</ref> The editor of ''Break Out!'' described ''Bravo'' as "quite a nasty magazine. Once they even had a minor posing nude."<ref>[https://www.vice.com/en_au/article/nndxeg/what-dutch-children-bought-in-secret]</ref> He admitted that most of the teens who posed for the Dutch equivalent of ''That's Me!'' were poor [[Poland|Polish]] and [[Romania|Romanian]] [[prostitutes]]. "The origin of the models was a best-kept secret. We didn't talk about it, we'd never even mentioned it. And you know, everybody benefited. We needed nude children and they needed the easy money."<ref>[https://www.vice.com/en_au/article/nndxeg/what-dutch-children-bought-in-secret]</ref> He admitted that the interviews accompanying the photographs were also fake.<ref>[https://www.vice.com/en_au/article/nndxeg/what-dutch-children-bought-in-secret]</ref>

From the early 2010s onwards, the magazine would rename the feature to ''Dr. Sommer's Bodycheck'' and feature those only aged between 18 to 25.

== Present ==
== Present ==
Originally there was only a single ''Bravo'' magazine, today different variants are published. This is a result of higher individualisation and changing interests. The following brands are part of the "Bravo Family":
Originally there was only a single ''Bravo'' magazine, today different variants are published. This is a result of higher individualisation and changing interests. The following brands are part of the "Bravo Family":


* ''Bravo.de'' (Internet portal for [[teenagers]] independent of the magazine)
* ''Bravo.de'' (Internet portal for teenagers independent of the magazine)
* ''Bravo Girl'' (targeting girls)
* ''[[Bravo Girl]]'' (targeting girls, from 1988 to 2023)
* ''Bravo Screenfun'' (for [[video game]]s and [[video game console|console]]s)
* ''[[Bravo Screenfun]]'' (for video games and [[video game console|console]]s, from 1997 to 2009)
* ''Bravo Sport'' (sport magazine)
* ''[[Bravo Sport]]'' (sport magazine, since 1994)
* ''Bravo Sport TV'' (sport TV show)
* ''Bravo Sport TV'' (sport TV show)
* ''[[Bravo TV (TV series)|Bravo TV]]'' (youth television magazine)
* ''[[Bravo TV (TV series)|Bravo TV]]'' (youth television magazine)
* ''Bravo Hits'' (regularly published music [[compilation album]])
* ''Bravo Hits'' (regularly published music [[compilation album]])
* ''Bravo Hip Hop Special'' (published six times a year, focusing on [[Hip-Hop]], [[R'n'B]], and [[Rap music|Rap]])
* ''Bravo Hip Hop Special'' (published six times a year, focusing on [[hip hop music|hip hop]], [[Rap music|rap]], and [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]], from 2005 to 2012)

Teenage magazines like ''Bravo'' are of high importance for the [[music industry]] as an [[advertising]] medium. Ads can be found in all Bravo formats.
Teenage magazines like ''Bravo'' are of high importance for the music industry as an advertising medium. Ads can be found in all ''Bravo'' formats.

A TV version of ''Bravo'' called ''Bravo TV'' started airing on 16 May 1993, first on [[RTL II|RTL 2]] and later on [[ZDF]]. The first presenter was Kristiane Backer, followed by [[Heike Makatsch]]. After a long hiatus Bravo TV returned on 5 November 2005 on [[ProSieben]].
A TV version of ''Bravo'' called ''Bravo TV'' started airing on 16 May 1993, first on [[RTL II|RTL 2]] and later on [[ZDF]]. The first presenter was Kristiane Backer, followed by [[Heike Makatsch]]. After a long hiatus Bravo TV returned on 5 November 2005 on [[ProSieben]].

The magazine distributes its "[[Bravo Otto]]" (a small [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indian]]-styled figure) award in different categories. The design of the figure is inspired by [[Winnetou]], played by [[Pierre Brice]], who had a longstanding connection within his cinematic role to Bravo. Among the prized artists were pop super stars [[ABBA]], [[Inge Meysel]], [[Pierre Brice]] (Winnetou), [[Joachim Fuchsberger]], [[Stefan Raab]], [[Whitney Houston]], [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]], [[Cher]], [[David Hasselhoff]], [[Mariah Carey]], [[Boris Becker]], [[Bro'Sis]], [[Heike Makatsch]], [[Horst Janson (actor)|Horst Janson]] and many more. Furthermore, each week the readers vote in the Bravo charts, which sometimes oppose the sales charts and are an indicator of artists popularity in the past and today.
The magazine distributes its "[[Bravo Otto]]" (a small [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indian]]-styled figure) award in different categories. The design of the figure is inspired by [[Winnetou]], played by [[Pierre Brice]], who had a longstanding connection within his cinematic role to Bravo. Among the prized artists were pop super stars [[ABBA]], [[Inge Meysel]], [[Pierre Brice]] (Winnetou), [[Joachim Fuchsberger]], [[Stefan Raab]], [[Whitney Houston]], [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]], [[Cher]], [[David Hasselhoff]], [[Mariah Carey]], [[Boris Becker]], [[Bro'Sis]], [[Heike Makatsch]], [[Horst Janson (actor)|Horst Janson]] and many more. Furthermore, each week the readers vote in the Bravo charts, which sometimes oppose the sales charts and are an indicator of artists popularity in the past and today.
In 2006, ''Bravo'' released an anthology providing an overview of Bravo's perception of the world within the past 50 years.


== Price ==
In 2006 ''Bravo'' released an anthology providing an overview of Bravo's perception of the world within the past 50 years.
* [[Germany]]: €3.20
* [[Austria]]: €3.60
* [[Switzerland]] & [[Liechtenstein]]: CHF 6.30
* [[Belgium]] & [[Luxembourg]]: €3.80
* [[Estonia]]: €4.20
* [[Netherlands]]: €3.90
* [[Denmark]]: kr. 39.95
* [[Czech Republic]]: Kč 155
* [[Malta]]: €4.90
* [[Slovenia]]: €4.40
* [[Greece]]: €4.50
* [[Italy]] & [[San Marino]]: €4.30
* [[Spain]], [[Andorra]] & [[Portugal]]: €4.40

==Logos==
From August 1956, there are two different logos for this magazine. The first logo was in use from 1956 to 1965, the second and current logo was in use from 1965.


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|refs=
{{Reflist}}
<ref name="R1">{{cite journal

| first = Laura M. | last = Carpenter
| title = The First Time/Das Erstes Mal: Approaches to Virginity Loss in U.S. and German Teen Magazines
| journal = Youth & Society | date = September 2001 | volume = 33 | issue = 1
| doi = 10.1177/0044118X01033001002 | s2cid = 145587129}}
</ref>
<ref name="R2">{{cite news
| first = Carla | last = Bleiker
| title = Publishing house terminates German pulp mag 'Der Landser'
| url = http://www.dw.de/publishing-house-terminates-german-pulp-mag-der-landser/a-16989362
| access-date = 14 April 2015 | work = Deutsche Welle
| date = 16 September 2013}}
</ref>
<ref name="R3">''Märkische Oderzeitung - Journal'', 26./27. August 2006, S. 4
</ref>
<ref name="R4">{{cite book
| author1 = Ingomar Kloss | author2 = M. Abe
| title = Advertising Worldwide: Advertising Conditions in Selected Countries
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8-kg-A7_nyAC&pg=PA130
| access-date = 29 March 2015 | date = 1 January 2001
| publisher = Springer Science & Business Media | isbn = 978-3-540-67713-0
| page = 130}}
</ref>
<ref name="R5">[https://archive.today/20130210202356/http://www.bauerverlag.de/bravo.0.html Heinrich Bauer Verlag: BRAVO]
</ref>
<ref name="R6">{{cite web
| title = World Magazine Trends 2010/2011
| url = http://www.revistas-ari.com/attachments/209_WMT_2010_2011_Europe.pdf
| work = FIPP | access-date = 2 April 2015 | url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150402165145/http://www.revistas-ari.com/attachments/209_WMT_2010_2011_Europe.pdf
| archive-date = 2 April 2015 }}
</ref>
<ref name="R7">{{Cite news
| url = http://www.huffingtonpost.es/2017/02/24/cierre-revista-bravo_n_14981198.html
| title = Cierra la revista 'Bravo' tras 21 años y 552 números en los quioscos
| date = 24 February 2017 | work = El Huffington Post
| access-date = 23 November 2017 | language = es-ES}}
</ref>
<ref name="R8">{{Citation
| last = Leandro Jacobini presents Britney Tube
| title = Queens Of Pop Britney Spears Germany Special 2011 HD
| date = 26 January 2017 | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGJ8KZAhWUI
| archive-url = https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/xGJ8KZAhWUI
| archive-date = 2021-12-21 | url-status = live
| access-date = 20 February 2018}}{{cbignore}}
</ref>
<ref name="goldstein">{{Citation
| first = Erwin | last = In het Panhuis | title = Zum Tod von Martin Goldstein
| date = 31 August 2012
| url = http://www.jugendkulturen.de/martin-goldstein.html
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130206184958/http://www.jugendkulturen.de/martin-goldstein.html
| url-status = dead | archive-date = 6 February 2013
| access-date = 1 September 2012 }}
</ref>
<ref name="R9">''Pop 2000'' (ARD), episode 4 ''1968-1970: Sex & Drugs & Rebellion''.
</ref>
<ref name="R10">''Pop 2000'' (ARD), episode 8 ''1982-1985: Gib Gas, ich will Spaß''.
</ref>
<ref name="R11">[http://www.spiegel.de/international/love-sex-and-tenderness-dr-sommer-the-birds-and-the-bees-a-417080.html Love, Sex and Tenderness: Dr. Sommer, the Birds and the Bees] ''Der Spiegel''.
</ref>
<ref name="R12">[https://web.archive.org/web/20101120044628/http://www.nesh.de/index.php?menu=&template=redaktion_2&contentID=0&themenID=17&detail=144 Models für Aufklärungsproduktion] ''Nesh''. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
</ref>
<ref name="R13">{{Cite web
| url = https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2014-11/sexualstrafrecht-kinderpornographie
| title = ZEIT ONLINE &#124; Lesen Sie zeit.de mit Werbung oder im PUR-Abo. Sie haben die Wahl}}
</ref>
<ref name="R14">{{Cite web
| url = https://crowdspondent.de/2016/08/26/ich-war-nackt-in-der-bravo/
| title = "Ich war nackt in der BRAVO" | date = 26 August 2016}}
</ref>
}}
== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://www.50jahrebravo.de www.50JahreBravo.de Official site for the 50 year anniversary]
* [http://www.50jahrebravo.de www.50JahreBravo.de - official site for the 50 year anniversary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617083456/http://50jahrebravo.de/ |date=17 June 2017 }}
* [http://www.bravo.de www.Bravo.de] Bravo Internet portal (independent from the magazine's editorial staff)
* [http://www.bravo.de www.Bravo.de] Bravo Internet portal (independent from the magazine's editorial staff)
* [http://www.drsommerteam.de DrSommerteam.de] Dr. Sommer Team: guidance and counseling
* [http://www.drsommerteam.de DrSommerteam.de] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091018170223/http://drsommerteam.de/ |date=18 October 2009 }} Dr. Sommer Team: guidance and counseling
* [http://www.bravo-archiv.de www.bravo-archiv.de] The digital Bravo archiv (1956 to present)
* [http://www.bravo-archiv.de www.bravo-archiv.de] The digital Bravo archiv (1956 to present)
* [http://www.bravo.pl Polish Language Version Bravo.pl Web Portal] (PL)
* [http://www.bravo.pl Polish Bravo - official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823205602/http://www.bravo.pl/ |date=23 August 2017 }}
* [http://www.bravo.rs Serbian Bravo - Official Web Page]
* [http://www.bravo.rs Serbian Bravo - official website]
* [http://www.bravo.si Slovenian Bravo - Official Web Page]
* [http://www.bravo.si Slovenian Bravo - official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120224161019/http://www.bravo.cz/ Czech Bravo - Official Web Page]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120224161019/http://www.bravo.cz/ Czech Bravo - official website]
* [http://www.bravo.hu Hungarian Bravo - Official Web Page]
* [http://www.bravo.hu Hungarian Bravo - official website]
* [http://www.bravonet.ro Romanian Bravo - Official Web Page]
* [http://www.bravonet.ro Romanian Bravo - official website]
* [http://www.bravo.bg Bulgarian Bravo - Official Web Page]
* [http://www.bravo.bg Bulgarian Bravo - official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170213184940/http://www.bravoporti.com/ Spanish Bravo - Official Web Page]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170213184940/http://www.bravoporti.com/ Spanish Bravo - official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161209020014/http://www.bravo.pt/ Portugal Bravo - Official Web Page]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161209020014/http://www.bravo.pt/ Portugal Bravo - official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101018120316/http://www.porti.com.mx/ Mexican Bravo - Official Web Page]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101018120316/http://www.porti.com.mx/ Mexican Bravo - official website]
* [http://www.bravomag.ru Russian Bravo - Official Web Page]
* [http://www.bravomag.ru Russian Bravo - official website]
* {{Facebook|Bravo.de}}

* {{Instagram|bravomagazin}}
{{Bauer Verlagsgruppe}}
{{Bauer Verlagsgruppe}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1956 establishments in West Germany]]
[[Category:1956 establishments in West Germany]]
[[Category:Bauer Media Group]]
[[Category:Bauer Media Group]]
Line 112: Line 212:
[[Category:Magazines established in 1956]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 1956]]
[[Category:Magazines published in Munich]]
[[Category:Magazines published in Munich]]
[[Category:Youth magazines]]
[[Category:Teen magazines published in Germany]]
[[Category:Teen magazines]]
[[Category:Nude photography]]
[[Category:Nudity in print media]]
[[Category:Multilingual magazines]]

Latest revision as of 20:49, 12 April 2024

For the Romanian magazine, see Bravo (Romanian magazine).

Bravo
Ashley Tisdale on the cover
Editor-in-ChiefAlex Germandt
CategoriesTeenage
FrequencyWeekly (1956-2015)
Biweekly (2015-2020)
Monthly (2020-present)
PublisherPabel Moewig
Total circulation45,282 (Q1 2022)
FounderPeter Boenisch
Founded26 August 1956; 67 years ago (1956-08-26)
CompanyHeinrich Bauer Zeitschriften Verlag KG
CountryGermany, Poland, Czechoslovakia (after 1992 Czech Republic and Slovakia), Portugal, Serbia, Slovenia, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Russia
Based inHamburg
LanguageGerman, Czech, Portuguese, Serbian, Slovenian, Polish, Romanian, Hungarian, Bulgarian, Russian
Websitebravo.de
ISSN0406-9595

Bravo (stylized in all caps) is the largest teen magazine within the German-language sphere. The first issue was published in 1956.

History[edit]

The founder of Bravo was columnist Peter Boenisch. The first issue was published on 26 August 1956[1] with thirty thousand copies printed, cost 50 Pfennig (equivalent to €0.67 in 2021). Marilyn Monroe's portrait graced the first published issue; the never-published dummy issue cover displayed Elvis Presley.

The publication was initially subtitled "The Magazine for Film and Television" ("Die Zeitschrift für Film und Fernsehen"). Issue number 13/57 was released on 31 March 1957 with the new subtitle "The magazine with the young heart" ("Die Zeitschrift mit dem jungen Herzen") as well as "film, television, pop music" ("Film, Fernsehen, Schlager") which disappeared soon afterwards. Starting from issue 34/57 (13 August 1957) the magazine no longer had any subtitles underscoring its newfound focus.

In 1968 Bravo began to be published weekly by Pabel Moewig, a subsidiary of Bauer Verlagsgruppe[2] in Hamburg; the editorial office however remained in Munich.

In the 1970s the magazine sold more than one million copies. By 1996 each issue still sold around 1.4 million issues.[3] Bravo had a circulation of 825,800 copies in 1999.[4] Afterwards the circulation fell steeply. In 2006 the magazine sold around 460,379 copies.[5] In 2010 the circulation of the magazine was 512,358 copies, making it the best-selling teenage magazine in Europe.[6]

In February 2017, Bravo stopped publishing in Spain with issue 552.[7] However, editions are still published in some other countries.

American pop singer Britney Spears, who was a teen phenomenon in the late 1990s and early 2000s, holds the record for most appearances on the cover (56).[8]

Focus group and classic columns[edit]

Bravo covers topics which primarily interest youths, among which are current information on pop and movie stars, as well as relationship and sex counseling.

Under the pseudonyms "Dr. Christoph Vollmer" and "Dr. Kirsten Lindstroem" the then-47-year-old author of romance novels Marie Louise Fischer gave advice on relationships (Knigge für Verliebte, Liebe ohne Geheimnis) from 1964 to 1969. Martin Goldstein started to contribute to the magazine on 20 October 1969.[9] A practising doctor, psychotherapist, and religion teacher, he took over and replied to readers' questions under the pseudonym "Dr. Jochen Sommer". Goldstein had made a name for himself in sex education with the publications Anders als bei Schmetterlingen and Lexikon der Aufklärung. Later, he answered questions about sex as "Dr. Korff", while "Dr. Sommer" concentrated on psychological questions.[citation needed]

From the early 1970s on, a whole group replied to questions. The editors put value in the fact that the "Dr.-Sommer-Team" continued to be made up of experts. At its peak Bravo received around 3000 to 5000 letters on puberty and sexuality per week. In 2006, 400 letters were still received.[citation needed]

Bravo made noticeably strong use of Anglicism and "Denglisch" starting in the 1980s, long before this became a mainstream phenomenon.[citation needed]

Bravo was – primarily in the 1970s and 1980s – formative for generations of German youths and teenagers,[10] which resulted in the paper's nickname of "Pickel-Prawda" (pimple-Pravda).[citation needed] The magazine was sometimes confiscated in schools by teachers. Many of today's adults received all of their sexual education from the articles by the Dr. Sommer team.[11][12] Within the former GDR (East Germany) the magazine was forbidden, but still very popular and traded for high prices.[citation needed] Bravo played an influential part in promoting pop groups and artists in Germany.[citation needed]

In addition to the idea of the Dr.-Sommer-team, Bravo invented the so-called Bravo-Starschnitt (star cut), a puzzle of a life-sized poster of a celebrity. Every new issue provided one cutout piece. The first Starschnitt-feature began in 1959 and was a poster of Brigitte Bardot.

Controversies[edit]

Sexual content[edit]

In 1972, two issues with articles on masturbation were 'indexed' (prohibited for sale to under-age customers) by the Federal Department for Media Harmful to Young Persons, because they were deemed youth-endangering.[citation needed]

Former depictions of teenage nudity[edit]

The magazine was controversial internationally for its section Dr. Sommer's That's Me!, which often featured sex interviews and full frontal nude photos of teen models aged between 14 and 20, which was later changed to 16 to 20 in the early 2000s.[13][14] While this was legal in Germany, it caused problems with international child pornography laws. The magazine often worked around the laws by having the models hold the camera's shutter button themselves, thereby showing explicit consent. One former model told interviewers that he did not know his nude image was going to be sold by the photographer to Bravo for publication in That's Me![15]

From the early 2010s onwards, the magazine would rename the feature to Dr. Sommer's Bodycheck and feature those only aged between 18 and 25.

Present[edit]

Originally there was only a single Bravo magazine, today different variants are published. This is a result of higher individualisation and changing interests. The following brands are part of the "Bravo Family":

  • Bravo.de (Internet portal for teenagers independent of the magazine)
  • Bravo Girl (targeting girls, from 1988 to 2023)
  • Bravo Screenfun (for video games and consoles, from 1997 to 2009)
  • Bravo Sport (sport magazine, since 1994)
  • Bravo Sport TV (sport TV show)
  • Bravo TV (youth television magazine)
  • Bravo Hits (regularly published music compilation album)
  • Bravo Hip Hop Special (published six times a year, focusing on hip hop, rap, and R&B, from 2005 to 2012)

Teenage magazines like Bravo are of high importance for the music industry as an advertising medium. Ads can be found in all Bravo formats.

A TV version of Bravo called Bravo TV started airing on 16 May 1993, first on RTL 2 and later on ZDF. The first presenter was Kristiane Backer, followed by Heike Makatsch. After a long hiatus Bravo TV returned on 5 November 2005 on ProSieben.

The magazine distributes its "Bravo Otto" (a small Indian-styled figure) award in different categories. The design of the figure is inspired by Winnetou, played by Pierre Brice, who had a longstanding connection within his cinematic role to Bravo. Among the prized artists were pop super stars ABBA, Inge Meysel, Pierre Brice (Winnetou), Joachim Fuchsberger, Stefan Raab, Whitney Houston, Madonna, Cher, David Hasselhoff, Mariah Carey, Boris Becker, Bro'Sis, Heike Makatsch, Horst Janson and many more. Furthermore, each week the readers vote in the Bravo charts, which sometimes oppose the sales charts and are an indicator of artists popularity in the past and today.

In 2006, Bravo released an anthology providing an overview of Bravo's perception of the world within the past 50 years.

Price[edit]

Logos[edit]

From August 1956, there are two different logos for this magazine. The first logo was in use from 1956 to 1965, the second and current logo was in use from 1965.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Carpenter, Laura M. (September 2001). "The First Time/Das Erstes Mal: Approaches to Virginity Loss in U.S. and German Teen Magazines". Youth & Society. 33 (1). doi:10.1177/0044118X01033001002. S2CID 145587129.
  2. ^ Bleiker, Carla (16 September 2013). "Publishing house terminates German pulp mag 'Der Landser'". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
  3. ^ Märkische Oderzeitung - Journal, 26./27. August 2006, S. 4
  4. ^ Ingomar Kloss; M. Abe (1 January 2001). Advertising Worldwide: Advertising Conditions in Selected Countries. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 130. ISBN 978-3-540-67713-0. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  5. ^ Heinrich Bauer Verlag: BRAVO
  6. ^ "World Magazine Trends 2010/2011" (PDF). FIPP. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
  7. ^ "Cierra la revista 'Bravo' tras 21 años y 552 números en los quioscos". El Huffington Post (in European Spanish). 24 February 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
  8. ^ Leandro Jacobini presents Britney Tube (26 January 2017), Queens Of Pop Britney Spears Germany Special 2011 HD, archived from the original on 21 December 2021, retrieved 20 February 2018
  9. ^ In het Panhuis, Erwin (31 August 2012), Zum Tod von Martin Goldstein, archived from the original on 6 February 2013, retrieved 1 September 2012
  10. ^ Pop 2000 (ARD), episode 4 1968-1970: Sex & Drugs & Rebellion.
  11. ^ Pop 2000 (ARD), episode 8 1982-1985: Gib Gas, ich will Spaß.
  12. ^ Love, Sex and Tenderness: Dr. Sommer, the Birds and the Bees Der Spiegel.
  13. ^ Models für Aufklärungsproduktion Nesh. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
  14. ^ "ZEIT ONLINE | Lesen Sie zeit.de mit Werbung oder im PUR-Abo. Sie haben die Wahl".
  15. ^ ""Ich war nackt in der BRAVO"". 26 August 2016.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bravo_(magazine)&oldid=1218627924"